1. The Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka directly contradicted the legal principle established by
a. Dred Scott v. Sanford b. Schetcher v. United States c. Plessy v. Ferguson
d. Schenck v. United States e. Miranda v. Arizona
2. When the Emancipation Proclamation was issued at the beginning of 1863, its immediate effect was to
a. end the Civil War b. abolish slavery c. free slaves in the border states
d. alienate Britain and France e. strengthen the moral cause of the Union
3. Which of the following had integration rather than Black separatism as a goal?
a. W.E.B. Du Bois and the Niagra movement b. Marcus Garvey and the Back-to-Africa movement
c. Elijah Muhammad and the Black Muslim movement d. Stokely Carmichael and the Black Panther movement
d. Huey Newton and the Black Panther Movement
4. All of the following led Congress to impose Radical Reconstruction measures EXCEPT the
a. enactment of Black Codes by southern legislatures b. outbreak of race riots in New Orleans and Memphis
c. massive exodus of former slaves from the South d. election of former Confederates to Congress
e. response of southern legislatures to the Fourteenth Amendment
5. Which of the following was among the objectives of Booket T. Washington?
a. to keep up a constant agitation of questions of racial equality
b. to encourage blacks to be more militant in demanding their rights
c. to encourage blacks to work hard, acquire property, and prove they are worthy of their rights
d. to urge blacks not to accept separate but equal facilities
e. to form an organization to advance the rights of black
6. The term “Seward’s Folly” referred to the Secretary of State William Seward’s
a. advocacy of a lenient policy toward the defeated Southern states
b. break with the majority radical faction of the Republican party in order to back President Andrew Johnson
c. belief that the Civil War could be avoided and the Union restored by provoking a war with Britain and France
d. negotiation of the purchase of Alaska from Russia
e. ill-fated attempt to gain the presidency in 1860
7. In speaking of “scalawags,” white Southerners of the Reconstruction era made reference to
a. former slaves who had risen to high positions within the Reconstruction governments of the Southern states
b. Northerners who had come south to take high positions within the Reconstruction government of the Southern states
c. the U.S. Army generals who served as military governors in the South
d. the Radical Republicans in Congress who imposed the Reconstruction regimes in the South
e. Southerners who supported or participated in the Reconstruction regimes
8. President Johnson was impeached by Congress following his attempt to
(A) limit the power of the military governors in the South
(B) discipline officials who enforced Civil Rights laws
(C) remove Secretary of War Stanton (D) undermine the l5th Amendment
(E) eliminate the Freedman's Bureau
9. The symbolic end to Reconstruction occurred in 1877 when
(A) President Grant formally declared the end of Reconstruction
(B) federal troops were withdrawn from the South
(C) a pro-South Democrat became president
(D) Congress enacted a sweeping Civil Rights Act
(E) the Centennial Exposition heralded a new century
10. the election of 1860, all of the following were candidates for president EXCEPT
(A) Stephen A. Douglas (B) John C. Breckinridge (C) Abraham Lincoln (D) John Bell
(D) George B. McClellan
11. In 1865, Southern
a. whites quickly admitted they had been wrong in trying to secede and win Southern independence.
b. whites rapidly emancipated their slaves.
c. blacks uniformly turned in anger and revenge against their former masters.
d. blacks often began traveling to test their freedom, search for family members, and seek economic opportunity.
12. The "Exodusters'" westward move to Kansas faltered when
a. they began migrating North. b. the Fifteenth Amendment was passed.
c. steamboat captains refused to transport them across the Mississippi.
d. none of the above.
13. Thegreatest achievements of the Freedmen's Bureau were in
a. its distribution of land. b. education.
c. the provision of food and clothing. d. helping people to find employment.
14. The white South viewed the Freedmen's Bureau as
a. a meddlesome federal agency that threatened to upset white racial dominance.
b. an agency acceptable only because it helped poor whites.
c. a valued partner in rebuilding the South.
d. more helpful in the North than the South.
15. As a politician, Andrew Johnson developed a reputation as
a. a supporter of the planter aristocrats. b. an opponent of slavery.
c. a poor public speaker. d. a champion of the poor whites.
16. The controversy surrounding the Wade-Davis Bill and the readmission of the Confederate states to the Union demonstrated
a. the deep differences between President Lincoln and Congress.
b. the close ties that were developing between President Lincoln and the Democrats.
c. President Lincoln's desire for a harsh reconstruction plan.
d. that a Congressional majority believed that the South had never legally left the Union.
17. The main purpose of the Black Codes was to
a. guarantee freedom for the blacks. b. ensure a stable labor supply.
c. allow blacks to marry. d. prevent blacks from becoming sharecroppers.
18. To many Northerners, the Black Codes seemed to indicate that
a. the rights of blacks were being protected. b. possibly the North had not really won the Civil War.
c. the Civil War had been worth the sacrifice. d. presidential Reconstruction was working.
"'
19. The Fourteenth Amendment
a. required former Confederate states to pay their war debts.
b. prohibited ex-Confederate leaders from holding public office.
c. guaranteed freed slaves "due process of law."
d. met all the demands of the radical Republicans.
20. The 1866 congressional elections,
a. President Johnson conducted a highly successful "swing around the circle" campaign tour.
b. radicals replaced moderates as the dominant faction in Congress.
c. voters endorsed the congressional approach to Reconstruction.
d. Republicans lost their majority control of Congress.
21. Both moderate and radical Republicans agreed that
a. federal power must be used to bring about a social and economic revolution in the South.
b. freed slaves must be granted the right to vote.
c. the federal government must become involved in the individual lives of American citizens.
d. Southern states should quickly be readmitted into the Union.
22. Which of the following was not one of the Reconstruction era amendments?
a. Twelfth b. Thirteenth c. Fourteenth d. Fifteenth
23. Which one of the following is least related to the other three?
a. scalawags b. Ku Klux Klan c. carpetbaggers d. freedmen,
24. Radical Reconstruction state governments
a. did little of value. b. passed much desirable legislation and badly needed reforms.
c.. were more corrupt than Northern state governments.
d. had all of their reforms repealed by the all-white "redeemer governments. "
25. Methods used by Ku Klux Klan members to achieve their goal of white supremacy included
a. beatings. b. scare tactics. c. murder. d. all of the above.
26. The goals of the Ku Klux Klan included all of the following except to
a. "keep blacks in their place"-that is, subservient to whites.
b. prevent blacks from voting.
c. keep white "carpetbaggers" from voting.
d. support efforts to pass the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871, which would force blacks away from the polls.
27. In 1867 Secretary of State Seward accomplished an enduring success in foreign relations for the Johnson administration when he
a. commissioned the building of an all-new ironclad navy. b. recognized the independent republic of Hawaii.
c. purchased Alaska from Russia. d. called for American aid to republican rebels in Cuba.
28. Reconstruction might have been more successful.![
a. Andrew Johnson had won reelection in 1868.
b. Thaddeus Stevens's radical program of drastic economic reforms and stronger protection of political rights had been enacted.
c. control of the South had been returned to Southerners much sooner.
d. the federal government had not tampered with property rights.
Matching
29. Ida B. Wells ______
30. Oliver O. Howard ______
31. tenant farmers ______
32. Charles Sumner ______
33. Sam Tilden ______
34. Blanche K. Bruce ______
35. Bourbons ______
36. Booker T. Washington ______
37. W.E.B. DuBois ______
38. Solid South ______
a. Niagra Movement
b. Accommodation
c. Radical Republican
d. Black Senator from Mississippi
e. Democratic presidential candidate
f. Ex-plantation owner
g. Sharecropping
h. Anti-lynching law
i. Democrat rule in the South
j. Freedmen’s Buerau