AQA Humanities GCSE 4070
Year 11 Humanities guide to March mock exam success
Name:
Tutor Group:
Humanities Group:
http://www.uccrevision.co.uk/
March Mock exam
24th march 2016- 1 hour 15 minutes
In this mock paper students are required to answer all questions on the two units below:
*Work and People
*Prejudice and Persecution
This paper is marked out of 72 and accounts for 37.5% of your final grade.
Revision ideas
Key to exam success
Answering 12 mark questions
Three different types of essays:
· Conventional Essay – Given a list of things to include but only have to choose two and explain them e.g. paragraph for each one.
· Comparative essay – Produce a paragraph for each side of the argument e.g. Nature Vs Nurture; explaining two views about a moral issue (euthanasia, abortion); etc
· Source based essay – Ensure you use the sources to reach a Level 3/4 (7-12 marks) e.g. ‘In Source A it says that….’
Golden Rules:
· Your opening sentence should be a reframing of the question e.g. ‘Nature is important in shaping who we are because...’
· Remember to use the PEEE chain! (Point, Evidence and Explanation and Expand).
· Your explanation at the end of each paragraph should always answer the question e.g. ‘This shows that nurture is important in shaping who we are because humans need to be socialised by other humans to learn correct norms of behaviour’.
· Use Humanities terminology in your answers to reach a Level 4 (10-12 marks).
· Use connectives to make your work flow better e.g. in addition; in contrast; as a result; therefore; this shows that; etc.
This is the grading system for 12 mark answers:
LEVEL 1 (1-3 marks): A simple answer, showing little thought. A brief statement based on sources or your own knowledge.
LEVEL 2 (4-6 marks): A descriptive answer based on sources/your own knowledge. Evidence is given, but not developed.
LEVEL 3 (7-9 marks): A detailed answer, using relevant examples and generalising sources. Identifying a strand in the question, and developing it.
LEVEL 4 (10-12 marks): A clear answer confronting the question, which is sustained, developed and analytical. The answer is judged on breadth (showing a wide understanding) or depth (showing your thought.)
Answering 4 mark Questions
There are three types of 4 mark questions which can arise in the exam:
· Source based response e.g. where you have to recall information from a particular Source. Ensure you explain two points to achieve full marks.
· Recall questions asking for two ways e.g. ‘Briefly explain two ways in which a large-scale ecosystem is being destroyed.’ One mark is given for identification of method and one mark for example / explanation (Deforestation is one way that the Amazon Rainforest is being destroyed, as mahogany trees are cut down to make furniture).
· 4 mark recall questions e.g. where you have to provide a paragraph response showing you understand terms and phrases (see example below).
Environmental Issues Keywords
Key word / DefinitionNatural resources / Raw materials found within or on the earth which can be used by humans.
Renewable resources / Will not run out, or can be replaced, provided they are not over used.
Non-renewable resources / Can only be used once and can never be replaced.
Minerals / Any rock which is mined, drilled or quarried, for example coal, gold.
Fossil fuel / Fuel formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals.
Nuclear power / Energy produced from uranium atoms.
Power station / Place where electricity is generated.
Renewable energy / Energy from natural resources that are infinite or can be re-used, for example hydro-electricity.
Alternative energy / Does not deplete natural resources and does not harm the environment, for example solar power.
Wind power / Energy generated from wind.
Solar power / Energy generated from sunlight.
Geothermal energy / Energy obtained from rock heated by the earth’s core.
Hydro-electric power (HEP) / Energy generated by water spinning a turbine.
Wave power / Energy generated by waves in the sea.
Tidal power / Energy generated as the tide goes in or out of a coastal area or estuary.
Biofuels / Energy generated from organic matter (biomass), including wood and crops.
Ecosystem / All living and non-living things in a particular environment and the way they work together.
Sustainable / Methods that preserve and maintain rather than destroy.
Deforestation / Loss of forests due to climate change or the use of trees without replacing them.
Extinct / The total disappearance of a particular type of living organism.
Coral bleaching / When sea temperatures rise, the coral die and lose their colour.
Urbanisation / The movement of people from the countryside to live in towns and cities.
Industrialisation / The change from a farming society to a society based around production of goods in factories.
Pollution / Something that poisons or damages air, water or land.
Acid rain / Rain, snow, fog or dust with a pH below 5.
Greenhouse gases / Gases such as carbon dioxide that trap heat in the earth’s atmosphere.
Global warming / A warming of the climate in recent decades, due to human influences.
Environmental refugees / People displaced by environmental disasters caused by climate change.
Biodiversity / The variety of species found in a particular area.
Endangered / When the numbers of a species are so low or it is facing such severe threats it may become extinct.
Habitat / The natural environment of an animal or plant.
Poaching / Catching or killing animals illegally.
Alien species / A plant or animal that moves from its original habitat to a new area.
Tourism / A trip made for pleasure, usually including at least one night away.
Honey pot / An area of attractive scenery or historic interest visited by large numbers of tourists.
Leisure / Free time to do whatever you want subject to finance and ability.
Global responsibility / Individuals and businesses making choices that affect the world in a positive way.
Direct action / The use of violent or non-violent methods to influence a political decision.
Stewardship / Looking after something so it can be passed on to the next generation.
Pressure groups / Organised groups that attempt to influence policy or business decisions on a particular issue.
Lobbying / Individuals or groups attempting to influence the opinions of MPs to vote a certain way on a specific subject.
Recycling / Turning used products into new products in order to prevent waste, reduce pollution and lower greenhouse gases.
Protocol / A written record of an agreement between two or more countries.
International agreements / Agreements between two or more countries.
Sustainable development / Economic and social development that meets the needs of current and future generations.
Agenda 21 / A commitment to move towards sustainable development at government and local level.
Global citizen / Thinks about their effect on the world by preserving the environment and keeping natural resources for others to use in the future.
Government action / Laws or incentives introduced by a government to reduce global warming.
Carbon footprint / The impact of human activity measured in carbon dioxide units.
Carbon offsetting / Removing the same amount of carbon from the atmosphere as produced by an activity such as air travel.
National parks / A reserve of land usually declared by national government to be protected from human development and pollution.
Ecotourism / Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and the well-being of the local people.
Sustainable tourism / Has a low impact on the environment and local culture and contributes to biodiversity.
Conservation / Protection of the environment and natural resources of the earth including plant and animal life.
Environmental Issues
Case studies - ARPA and Stewardship
ARPA:
· Amazon Region Protected Areas program
· Agreement signed by President Cardoso, Brazil
· $81 million donated so far
· Used to buy surveillance equipment to stop illegal poaching and logging
· Allows endangered plants and animals to have a secure habitat
· Protects plants that make up half of our modern day medicines
Environmental Stewardship:
· New type of scheme
· Supporters farmers who make good use of their land
· Wants to - Conserve wildlife/Maintain landscape/Protect natural resources
· Farmers are given money or resources
Pressure Groups
Solutions to Environmental Issues
Environmental Issues
How do urbanisation and industrialisation increase pollution?
· Countries developing, people need more energy
· More factories built, which produce more pollution
· Urbanisation = more houses built, destroying wildlife
· As people move to cities, can't do environmentally friendly things
· Recycling & not using cars is harder
· Growing your own food is harder
How do the air, water and land become polluted?
· Land polluted by radioactive waste
· Drigg, Cumbria - £75m in compensation for radioactive waste storage
· Could damage health of local residents
· Land fills produce methane, which pollutes the air.
· Rubbish & sewage tipped into water, can pollute and make harmful
· 4bil. tonnes of factory waste poured into Yellow River, China, every year, making Shandong "cancer capital of the world" from pollution
· Main cause of air pollution is fossil fuel burning
· In Mexico City, Mexico, smog can cause pollution
· Harmful gases destroy Ozone layer, letting in UV rays
How does pollution affect human life?
· In China, 750,000 people die every year because of pollution-related diseases
· UV rays let in by the holes in the Ozone layer can cause skin cancer
· Smog can cause asthma, and is caused by pollution
· Can affect quality of life - dirty air looks and feels disgusting
· Living around nuclear waste can cause health problems and is an eyesore
· Can affect water supplies and soil
· In LEDCs, children living on waste dumps get lead poisoning & asthma
· Can cause acid rain
Why is loss of biodiversity a problem?
· Habitats like coral reefs and rainforests are home to many species
· Even tiny insects play vital parts in ecosystems
· Many endangered species could provide vital cures for deadly diseases
· 3 out of 5 species in the world have not been identified yet
· Without biodiversity, ecosystems could collapse
· Loss of some species could affect forest tribes
· Tribes depend on some species to survive, using them for hunting/medicine
· Loss of biodiversity could seriously threaten those tribes
What are the five main causes of loss of biodiversity?
· Habitat destruction: habitats of some species are destroyed by agriculture, new housing requirements and industrialisation.
· Climate change: species cannot adapt fast enough to climate change. Coral bleaching can occur when temperatures rise
· Pollution: all habitats are negatively affected by this. This is pesticides, sewage, nuclear waste and rubbish. Acid rain can kill fish.
· Exploitation: deforestation destroys habitats, and over-fishing and whaling can make species endangered. After habitat destruction, poaching is the second biggest threat to animals.
· Invasive alien species: come here/are taken here from foreign countries and become dominant. They can harm the ecosystem by competing with native species.
How does tourism affect the environment in MEDCs and LEDCs?
· Tourism affects both MEDCs and LEDCs
· Visitor numbers can be greater than the environment can handle
· Honey pots like Malkham in Yorkshire have suffered
· Traffic congestion and footpath erosion caused by tourists
· Mombasa, Kenya - sewage pumped from hotels pollute coral reefs
· Biodiverse areas destroyed by leisure activities like snorkelling
· Off-road safaris can damage the rocks and natural behaviour of animals - animals can fail to look after their young properly due to intrusive tourists
· Pressure is put on local resources to provide for tourists
· Even landmarks like Mount Everest suffer
Humanities: Environmental Issues Quiz
I've tried to include everything that might be found on the exam on the subject of Environmental Issues.
You have not started this quiz yet. You have 10 questions to answer.
Top of Form
1. Which of these is not a cause of loss of biodiversity?
· Climate change
· Pollution
· Habitat destruction
· Alien species
· Captivity
2. What was the main objective of Agenda 21?
· Reducing pollution
· Sustainable development
· Saving endangered species
· Using renewable resources
· Preserving the environment
3. Which of these is not a national park in the UK?
· Brecon Beacons
· New Forest
· Alice Gardens
· Snowdonia
· South Downs
4. To boycott something is an indirect action taken by pressure groups.
· True
· False
5. What is the definition of sustainable development?
· Measured urbanisation across major cities
· Economic and social development that meets government needs
· A government scheme used to develop third-world countries
· The national plan to educate people about environmental issues
· A term for stable and constant economic growth
6. Which of these is not a cause of global warming?
· Burning of fossil fuels
· Methane gas from cattle
· Aerosols
· Greenhouse plants