The Cultural Landscape, 11e (Rubenstein)
Chapter 8 Political Geography
Chapter 9 Development
Chapter 10 Food and Agriculture
1) Conflicting claims to the Arctic are mostly due to
A) the potential for energy resources. B) old Cold War grudges.
C) colonial expansion. D) shifting sea ice formations.
E) the proximity of South American and African countries.
2) The most populous country that is not a member of the United Nations is
A) Taiwan. B) South Korea. C) Antarctica. D) Vatican City. E) Monaco.
3) The historically neutral country that recently joined the United Nations is
A) Switzerland. B) Australia. C) France. D) Canada. E) Monaco.
4) The United Nations is primarily what kind of cooperative effort?
A) political B) military C) economic D) cultural E) environmental
5) In 2002 the Organization of African Unity was replaced by
A) the African Union. B) the African National Party.
C) the African Treaty Organization. D) the Organization of African OPEC States.
E) the Organization for African Economic Cooperation.
6) An area organized into an independent political unit is a
A) colony. B) nationality. C) nation. D) state. E) territory.
7) The best example of a nation among the following is
A) an island with a long history of self-rule and a homogeneous ethnic identity, although the island has been under the control of a colonial power for the last 30 years.
B) a group of islands inhabited by a homogeneous ethnicity, although the westernmost islands pertain to the territory of one country whereas the easternmost islands pertain to another country.
C) a mountainous region inhabited by heterogeneous ethnicities and divided up administratively among various independent countries.
D) a mountainous region inhabited by heterogeneous ethnicities which share responsibility for maintaining an independent government and a standing army.
E) a mountainous region inhabited by a mixture of peoples but recently colonized by a European nation-state.
8) The Fertile Crescent
A) followed the Nile and Euphrates rivers.
B) was the key to the Roman Empire in classical times.
C) was the location of the first city-states in the Middle East and the first large-scale agricultural projects of Sub-Saharan Africa.
D) is sometimes considered to have extended from the Nile Valley to the Atlas Mountains.
E) extended from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea and was the location of the first city-states in the Middle East.
9) The first widespread use of the nation-state concept came in
A) Mesopotamia. B) the Roman Empire. C) Western Europe.
D) the United States. E) Southeast Asia.
10) Korea is a good example of a(n)
A) sovereign state.
B) nation-state existing in a unified condition.
C) ethnicity divided between more than one state.
D) colony divided between more than one ethnicity.
E) patron-state.
11) The problems experienced by Cyprus during the past four decades include all but which of the following?
A) a Greek-inspired military coup
B) a Turkish army invasion
C) a partition of the island by the British as part of independence
D) an increasing spatial segregation of Greeks and Turks
E) division of the capital city by a buffer zone patrolled by UN soldiers
12) The Kurds are
A) a multinational state.
B) divided among more than one state.
C) a religious minority in the Middle East.
D) trying to unite with Turkey.
E) the majority population of Iraq.
13) Examples of major nation-states are
A) Germany and Denmark.
B) Australia and New Zealand.
C) Russia and the United States.
D) Mexico and Russia.
E) Mexico and Germany.
14) The attempt by one country to impose political control over another territory is
A) colonialism. B) constitutionality. C) self-determination. D) sovereignty. E) suffrage.
15) A frontier, in contrast to a boundary,
A) separates two states. B) is an area rather than a line.
C) has become a more common means to separate states. D) is a region of ethnic conflict.
E) is the westernmost part of a state.
16) The conflict over the Aozou Strip involves
A) centripetal forces acting in the absence of any centrifugal forces.
B) a disputed border and Egypt's claims of sovereignty over the zone.
C) a disagreement regarding suffrage and a disputed border.
D) a disputed border and Libya's claims of sovereignty over the zone.
E) Aozou attempts to join the United Nations as a sovereign nation-state.
17) Extremely small island-states in the world, many of which are former European colonies, are called
A) island nations. B) macrostates. C) microstates. D) small nation-states. E) island-colonies.
18) The Germans established the ______known as the Caprivi Strip in present-day Namibia to access resources in central Africa, including the Zambezi River.
A) causeway B) disruption zone C) railroad D) protraction E) proruption
19) The most fragmented Southeast Asian state is
A) Brunei. B) Malaysia. C) East Timor. D) Indonesia. E) Thailand.
20) A state with control over its internal affairs has
A) centripetal forces. B) nationality. C) suffrage. D) sovereignty. E) ethnicity.
22) The European Union has
A) replaced COMECON as the main organization for regional cooperation in Eastern Europe.
B) protected Western Europe from a Soviet invasion and improved Europe's environmental protections.
C) promoted economic growth and integration in Western Europe.
D) closed NATO military bases around the Mediterranean Sea in order to save money since the end of the Cold War.
E) protected Southwestern Asia and North Africa from Muslim incursions.
23) The two Germanys
A) existed separately from 1949 to 1990.
B) are the newest UN member states in Europe.
C) were divided by proto-Germanic languages.
D) are on opposite banks of the Rhine River.
E) were divided by economic and cultural boundaries until 1871.
24) In the geopolitical sphere, a balance of power is
A) a condition of roughly equal strength between opposing sides, as if they were two equally matched camps.
B) always bipolar but reinforced by satellite states.
C) a condition of unequal strength between opposing sides, as if they were two powerful allies, supported by a range of satellite states.
D) exemplified by a League of Nations or, in the post-World War II era, the United Nations.
E) the type of power shared by the members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
25) As a result of a 1979 Soviet invasion, Osama bin Laden left Saudi Arabia to join the rebellion of fundamentalist Muslims calling themselves
A) mujahedeen, or "holy warriors."
B) kamchatkadeen, or "Kamcha warriors."
C) iraqideen, or "Southwest Asian warriors."
D) jalomadeen, or "peace warriors."
E) Islamic Brotherhood "holy warriors."
26) The total value of the output of goods and services in a year in a country is its
A) gross national income. B) primary economic sector.
C) productivity index. D) value added.
E) gross domestic product.
27) The secondary sector of the economy includes which of the following?
A) data processing B) mining C) government D) construction E) banking
28) In MDCs, employment is increasing more rapidly in which of the following sectors?
A) farming B) primary C) secondary D) tertiary E) fishing
29) The value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy is
A) gross domestic product. B) productivity. C) tertiary sector analysis.
D) market value. E) value added.
30) Examples of material conditions include
A) drinking water and sewage systems. B) systems of thought.
C) religious institutions. D) division of jobs into different sectors.
E) political institutions.
31) Per capita GDP is a good indicator of which of the following?
A) the approximate level of spiritual well being in a country
B) the number of countries below sea level
C) the distribution of wealth within a country
D) the political dimensions of a population
E) potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life
32) People are more productive in more developed countries because they
A) work harder.
B) have access to more technology.
C) have a low amount of value added per person.
D) are consistently better educated.
E) understand their jobs better than workers in less developed countries.
33) The Gender Inequality Index (GII)
A) compares the level of development of women in a country to the average development level of women in the world.
B) compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country.
C) is composed of the same measures as the HDI but is applied only to women instead of the entire population.
D) combines economic and political indicators of empowerment.
E) cannot be used as an indicator of development in the United States.
34) Severe gender inequality is a challenge to development because
A) it leads to smaller family sizes, and families with fewer child laborers cannot earn enough money to pay for their rent and utilities.
B) it is associated with higher literacy rates, higher economic vitality, and lower infant mortality rates.
C) it excludes men from the informal economy, wasting a major economic asset.
D) it severely limits the economic and social mobility of women, as well as families that are headed by women.
E) it does not allow men and boys the freedom to attend the schools and seek the jobs that are best suited to them.
35) Although there are fewer developed countries in the world, altogether they consume about ______energy as LDCs.
A) twice as much total B) the same amount of total
C) five times as much total D) half as much nonrenewable energy but five times as much renewable
E) one-tenth as much
36) According to the international trade approach to development, a country should identify all but which of its following assets?
A) abundant agricultural products B) high quality manufactured goods
C) imports that it should limit D) international consumer preferences
E) abundant mineral resources
37) The biggest problem in promoting development through the international trade alternative is
A) increased demand for many goods. B) increased price of petroleum.
C) regional cooperation. D) unequal distribution of resources.
E) consumer demand expanding faster than manufacturing can increase.
38) Examining the sub-national variation in development for many countries, such as Brazil, China, or Mexico, reveals
A) development can be attributed only to outside forces.
B) cities are relatively underdeveloped compared to the agricultural lands.
C) wealth is concentrated in the cooler, mountainous regions.
D) almost no variations in wealth and development exist between different subnational regions.
E) substantial variations in development exist at subnational scales.
39) According to Rostow's development model, the process of development begins when
A) a high percentage of national wealth is allocated to nonproductive activities.
B) an elite group initiates innovative activities.
C) take-off industries achieve technical advances.
D) workers become more skilled and specialized.
E) banking institutions are sufficiently mature.
40) The large percentage of population involved in agriculture in China indicates that
A) the country imports most of its food.
B) few people are unemployed.
C) most people consume an inadequate amount of calories.
D) most people must produce food for their own survival.
E) factory production cannot expand.
41) Geographer Derwent Whittlesey divided the world into ______agricultural regions (not including his area of nonexistent agriculture).
A) 11 B) 12 C) 5 D) 3 E) 16
42) Pigs were domesticated in
A) Southeast Asia. B) South America. C) Ethiopia. D) northern China. E) Southwest Asia
43) Seed agriculture probably reached Europe from
A) western India. B) northern China. C) Ethiopia. D) Southwest Asia. E) Southeast Asia.
44) Which of the following is a typical practice in growing rice in Asia?
A) preparing fields with a plow drawn by oxen B) flooding the plowed field with water
C) growing seedlings in a nursery D) transplanting seedlings into the flooded field
E) All of these answers are correct.
45) The most important reason why most farmers in northeast China grow crops other than wet rice is
A) cultural preference. B) tradition. C) climate.
D) soil. E) harvesting wet rice requires expensive machinery.
46) The United States had about 60 percent fewer farms and ______percent fewer farmers in 2000 than in 1900.
A) 85 B) 52 C) 15 D) 25 E) 99
47) Which of the following is the most common form of commercial agriculture in Europe?
A) mixed crop and livestock farming B) dairy farming
C) grain farming D) livestock ranching
E) Mediterranean agriculture
48) Mixing crops and livestock allows farmers to
A) distribute the workload of the crops and livestock so that farmers hardly need to work during the summer season.
B) generate 90 percent of their income from the sale of livestock.
C) doublecrop.
D) create a system where crops provide food for livestock and the livestock provide manure for crop fertilization.
E) circumvent market forces that determine the prices of livestock and crops.
49) What is the purpose of crop rotation?
A) maintaining fresh products for market B) maintaining price supports
C) maintaining the fertility of fields D) responding to shifting consumer preference
E) reducing transportation costs
50) Farming varies around the world because of ______across space.
A) cultural and environmental factors B) cultural and economic factors
C) farmers' personal preference and environmental factors
D) weather and climate E) climate change
ESSAYS QUESTIONS ON NEXT PAGE
(POINTS OFF FOR NOT DOING ESSAYS)
SELECT ONE ESSAY FROM EACH OF THE GROUPS (1…2…3)
USE AT LEAST 5 SENTENCES TO DEVELOP YOUR ANSWER FOR EACH QUESTION.
(POINTS OFF FOR NOT DOING ESSAYS)
1) Name and define two of the social indicators of a country's level of development.
1) Explain why the crude death rate is not an indicator of the level of a country's development.
elderly, and it might be lower in less developed countries that have a high percentage of youth (who are less likely to die from natural causes).
1) Name and define two of the economic indicators that typically describe a country's level of development.
1) What is the Gender Inequality Index (GII)?
1) Using NAFTA as an example, discuss "free trade" and the international trade model of development.
1) What is the most significant financial problem faced by less developed countries in attempting to fund their development plans? Provide an example to illustrate this difficulty.