42

Middle East!

Chapters 25-28

Mr. Mostert

Why is there conflict in the world?

What did you learn?
What do you want to learn about the Middle East?
What do you know about the Middle East?

Cumulative Content

  1. The Middle East is a strategic location because it is the meeting place of three continents.
  1. The Middle East’s desert climate has impacted its culture as nomads, city construction, diet, and art all reflect this basic characteristic.
  1. Judaism was the first monotheistic religion. From it, grew Christianity. From Christianity grew Islam. Islam believes in the Five Pillars and is the central religion of the Middle East.
  1. Iraq is a nation with a long history involving the U.S. The U.S. has fought many wars there. The tension between Iraqi and the U.S., reasons for U.S. interest in Iraq, and tensions between different Iraqi groups are symbolic of much of the Middle East.
  1. The Arab-Israeli conflict is one of the world’s most pressing issues and most difficult to solve. At its core, the conflict is about the rightful ownership of land.

Map

Directions: Use pg. 549 & 552 to label the geographic features, countries and (capital cities).

Geographic Features
(pg. 552)
Mediterranean Sea
Red Sea
Suez Canal
Nile River
Persian Gulf
Tigris River
Euphrates River
Arabian Peninsula / Countries & Capitals
(pg.549)
Saudi Arabia (Riyadh)
Yemen
United Arab Emirates
Iran (Tehran)
Kuwait
Iraq (Baghdad)
Jordan
Israel (Jerusalem) / Lebanon
Syria
Turkey
Istanbul {major city}
Dubai {major city}
------
Pakistan
Afghanistan

Geography

&

Traditional History

of the

Middle East

Study Guide: Geography & Traditional World

Map

pg.549 & 552

  1. Where are the Middle East’s major geographic features?
  2. Where are the Middle East’s major countries and cities?

Geography

Chapter 25, Section 1

  1. Why is the Middle East considered a strategic location?
  2. What are some results of the Middle East’s strategic location?
  3. What are the most common climates and resources found in the Middle East?
  4. Where is oil most plentiful?
  5. How have the people adapted to their climate and resources?
  6. What are the major regions of the Middle East?
  7. What ethnic groups live in the Middle East?
  8. Where are the major ethnic groups of the Middle East found?
  9. Define: oasis, Arab, Turk, Kurd, Persian, Hebrew

Traditional History

Chapter 25, Sections 2-3. Chapter 26, Sections 1-3

  1. What civilizations developed in the Tigris-Euphrates Valley?
  2. How did trade and warfare affect Middle Eastern civilizations?
  3. What religious groups live in the Middle East?
  4. Where are the major religious groups found?
  5. What are the major beliefs and practices of Judaism?
  6. Why did Judaism spread out across the world but never gain many followers?
  7. What are the major beliefs and practices of Christianity?
  8. Why did Christianity spread to so many people?
  9. What are the major beliefs and practices of Islam?
  10. Why did Islam spread to so many people?
  11. How did the monotheistic religions influence each other?
  12. What are some achievements of Islamic civilization?
  13. What changes did foreign invaders bring to the Middle East?
  14. How did nomadic life and city life adapt to the climate of the Middle East?
  15. What role did women and family have in Islamic society?
  16. Define: cuneiform, monotheism, covenant, prophet, Torah, Old Testament, New Testament, Bible, Catholicism, Protestantism, Islam, Muslim, hajj, five pillars, Koran, Sunni, Shia, People of the Book, Bedouin, polygamy

Middle Eastern Geography: the Land & People – 25.1

Pg.551-556

Crossroads of the World

strategic location =

Why is the Middle East a strategic location?

1.  –

2.  –

Major Regions

Northern Tier Nile Valley

Arabian Peninsula Maghreb

Fertile Crescent

Climate & Resources

·  Desert

oasis =

·  Oil

Peoples & Impact of Geography

Results of being a strategic location?

1.  –

2.  –

ethnic group =

·  Arab =

·  Persian =

·  Hebrew =

·  Turk =

·  Kurd =

Results of desert climate?

Review

Directions: Answer each of the following in complete sentences on a separate sheet of paper.

  1. Why has the Middle East been called the crossroads of the world?
  2. Keep a record of your use of water for one day. Then list three ways your life would be different if water were as scarce in your area as it is in the Middle East.
  3. Read “Clash over the Euphrates” (the red inset) on pg, 554.
  4. Why will water rights continue to be an issue in the Middle East?
  5. Using the map and reading, explain why Syria is concerned about the security of its water supply?
  6. Where do most people in the Middle East live?
  7. Why is the population so unevenly distributed?
  8. How has location contributed to cultural diversity in the Middle East?
Arab World

Early Civilizations – 25.2

Pg.556-562

Sumerians & Babylonians

Time period: from ______to ______Location: ______

Government:

City-states

Code of law

Religion:

Achievements & Innovations:

Writing

Other achievements

Iron

Persians

Time period: from ______to ______Location: ______

Government:

Economy & Innovations:

Communications & trade

Coins

Religion:

Zoroastrianism

Greeks & Romans

Time period: from ______to ______Location: ______

Achievements & Diffusion:

Alexandria

Roman trade

What is the significance of the Middle East’s early civilizations?

Review

Directions: Answer each of the following in complete sentences on a separate sheet of paper.

  1. What conditions favored the development of civilization in the Nile and Tigris-EuphratesValleys?
  2. Name three major achievements of ancient Middle Eastern civilization.
  3. Pick one that you think was the most important and explain why.
  4. Give one example of how trade spread cultural ideas
  5. Give one example of how warfare spread ideas.
  6. Compare the geography of the Fertile Crescent (home of the Sumerians) and the Northern Tier (home of the Persians). How did each influence their history?
  7. King Hammurabi drew up his code of laws to provide justice in his empire. How does Hammurabi’s concept of justice compare with our concept of justice today? Give examples.

Judaism & Christianity – 25.3

Pg.563-566

Monotheistic =

Prophet =

Judaism

Origin:

Beliefs:

·  God –

·  Soul –

·  Covenant –

·  Moses –

Practices:

·  Ethical behavior & actions –

·  Customs –

Facts:

City = Day =

Book = Cleric & Place =

Christianity

Origin:

Beliefs:

·  God –

·  Jesus –

·  Afterlife –

Practices:

Facts:

City = Book =

Branches =

Spread of Christianity

Directions: Use pg. 563-566 in your textbook to identify either a cause or an effect for each statement.

Causes
1.  The Hebrews made a covenant with God.
2.  ______
3.  ______
4.  Jews believed in living ethically, but sometimes people gradually strayed from God’s laws.
5.  ______
6.  Roman officials worried about Jesus and viewed him as a rebel.
7.  ______
8.  Roman persecution failed to destroy Christianity.
9.  Roman emperor Constantine converted to Christianity.
10.  Christianity taught about hope, salvation, and morality.
11.  ______
12.  The Christian church began highly organized. / →
→
→
→
→
→
→
→ / Effects
1.  ______
2.  Israel and the Hebrews were often conquered.
3.  Jews were scattered around the world in the Diaspora.
4.  ______
5.  Roman officials worried about Jesus and viewed him as a rebel.
6.  ______
7.  Missionaries like Peter and Paul spread Christianity throughout Europe.
8.  ______
9.  ______
10.  ______
11.  Many poor people converted to Christianity.
12.  ______

Review

Directions: Answer each of the following in complete sentences on a separate sheet of paper.

  1. How did Christian beliefs reflect Hebrew traditions?
  2. Discuss two ways in which Christianity differed from Judaism.
  3. Why did Judaism not spread to many or gain many converts?
  4. Give three reasons why Christianity spread rapidly and was able to gain many converts?

Islam – 26.1

Pg.569-575

Origin:

Islam =

Muslim =

·  Muhammad –

Beliefs:

·  Allah –

·  Prophets –

·  Jihad –

Personal struggle

Holy War

·  Sharia –

Verses about Trade in the Koran & Hadith:

"O you who believe, devour not excessive interest, doubling and quadrupling, the sum lent. Fear Allah and observe your duty to Him, that you may really prosper." Qur'an (Aali Imran:130)

"Give just measure, and cause no loss (to others by fraud)…And weigh with scales true and upright…And withhold not things justly due to men, nor do evil in the land, working mischief.”(Shu'araa:181-183)

"Truthfulness leads to righteousness, and righteousness leads to Paradise. A man continues to tell the truth until he becomes a truthful person. Falsehood leads to wickedness, and wickedness leads to Hell, and a man may continue to tell lies till he is written before Allah, a liar." (Hadith)

“Gold is to be paid for by gold, silver by silver, wheat by wheat, barley by barley, dates by dates, and salt by salt - like for like, equal for equal, payment being made on the spot. If the species differ, sell as you wish provided that payment is made on the spot.“ (Hadith)

“The merchants will be raised on the Day of Resurrection as evil-doers, except those who fear Allah, are honest and speak the truth.” (Hadith)

Practices:

Five Pillars =

Pillar / Description / Significance

Facts:

Cities = Book =

Place = Branches =

Islamic World

Spread of Islam

Based Islam’s beliefs, practices, and the map, why do you think that Islam spread to so many people?

Divisions in Islam

Sunni =

Shia =

Islamic Empires

Golden Age

Summary:

Summary:

Summary:

Review

Directions: Answer each of the following in complete sentences on a separate sheet of paper.

  1. How did the monotheistic religions influence each other?
  2. Describe the five major practices of Islam.
  3. Summarize the reasons for the spread of Islam.
  4. What were three major achievements of Islamic civilization?
  5. Muhammad taught that “the ink of the scholar is holier than the blood of the martyr.” What do you think he meant?
  6. How do you think this teaching contributed to Islamic civilization?

Centuries of Turmoil – 26.2

Pg.575-579

Crusades =

List three groups of outsiders who invaded the Middle East and then describe one change that was brought about by each.

How do you think centuries of invasion by outsiders contributed to cultural diffusion in the Middle East?

Patterns of Life – 26.3

Pg.580-582

bedouin =

Why did nomads come into conflict with settled peoples?

How did nomads adapt to the desert climate? How did city dwellers adapt to the desert climate?

polygamy =

Identify two ways in which Islam expanded women’s rights. Identify two ways in which it restricted them.

European Era & Middle East

Study Guide: European Era & Middle East

Imperialism

Chapter 26, Section 4

  1. How did Britain and France gain power in the Middle East?
  2. Why did many Arabs feel betrayed by the peace settlement that ended WWI?

3.  What two groups claimed the right to live in Palestine? Why did they claim Palestine as rightfully theirs?

4.  How did Jewish immigration cause tension in Palestine?

  1. Define: mandate, anti-semitism

Imperialism & Nationalism – 26.4

Pg.583-588

Ottoman Empire

World War I

Allied Powers:

Central Powers:

Turks v. Arabs?

End of War

mandate =

Nationalism

Turkey

Egypt

Palestine

anti-semitism =

Modern Middle East

Study Guide: Modern Middle East

Governments & Economies in Transition

Chapter 27

  1. What are the opposite goals of pan-Arabism and nationalism?
  2. What are the most common forms of government in the Middle East today?
  3. What are the goals of Islamic fundamentalism?
  4. What are the causes of Islamic fundamentalism?
  5. How has oil affected Middle Eastern nations?
  6. What is the status of women in the modern Middle East?
  7. How has Turkey progressed toward modernization?
  8. What were the causes of the Islamic revolution in Iran?
  9. Why do the governments of Iran and the U.S. have poor relations?
  10. Define: pan-Arabism, Islamic fundamentalism, extremism, suicide bombers, OPEC, cartel, theocracy, Shah, cleric, Ayatollah

Iraq

Chapter 28, Section 1

  1. Who is Osama bin Laden?
  2. Who is Saddam Hussein?
  3. What was the Persian Gulf War?
  4. Why did the U.S. invade Iraq in 2003?
  5. What was the Iraq War like 2003-2005?
  6. What was the Iraq War like 2005-2007?
  7. What was the Iraq War like 2007-today?
  8. Define: sanctions, Bush doctrine, weapons of mass destruction, insurgent, sectarian, al-Qaeda, occupation

Arab-Israeli Conflict

Chapter 28, Section 2

  1. What two groups claimed the right to live in Palestine? Why did they claim Palestine as rightfully theirs?
  2. Why was Israel created?
  3. What is major source of conflict in Israel?
  4. What are the issues preventing peace and the end of the conflict?
  5. Define: Palestine, occupied territory, West Bank, Gaza, settlement, PLO, refugee

Political Directions – 27.1

Pg.591-595

What was the goal of Pan-Arabism? What obstacles did it face?

What forms of government are common in the Middle East?

Islamic Fundamentalism

Goals:

Causes:

What is terrorism?

Define “Terrorism.”

Consider:

§  Who commits terrorism?

§  What makes an attack ‘terrorism’?

§  How are terrorist groups organized?

§  What about terrorism makes it different from war?

§  Who is attacked in an act of terrorism?

Examples of Terrorism

suicide bomber =

Changing Economic & Social Patterns – 27.2

Pg.595-602

Role of Oil

OPEC =

How have oil-rich nations been affected by oil profits?

Governments

Services

How has oil wealth affected poorer nations of the Middle East?

Urban Growth

Why is there conflict between generations?

What is the connection between these urban changes and fundamentalism?

Women’s Lives & Education

Dress

Three Nations’ Road to Modernization – 27.3

Pg.602-608

Turkey

Economic Patterns

Iran

People

Life Under the Shah

Shah =

Islamic Revolution

theocracy =

cleric =

Ayatollah =

Relationship w/ U.S.

Hostage crisis

Terrorism

Nuclear weapons

Rick Steves’ Video

WAR & PEACE

Situation: You will represent a country. Each country will be part of a 4 country group that is experiencing conflict with one another. Declaring war or peace are your only options to deals with each other. Each group will declare war or peace in a series of rounds. The results of the declarations will have a set of payoffs…so be careful of your choices. In the end, the goal is to end up with the most money.