Referencing and Searching for Information

Referencing and Searching for Information

Tips when starting a research journal OR information search:

1.  Ask for help early. Being anxious or scared about assessment tasks is normal but delaying starting a task is not the answer. Ask questions - Who? What? When? Where? What? Why? How?

2.  Be prepared to read carefully. Information on the web does not always display important information e.g. Author, date of publication. Look for navigation links at the foot of web pages - scroll down.

3.  Use the Bede Library e-resources pages.

4.  Web sites for reliable information can usually be found on “gov.”, “edu.” or “org.” URL’s ending in “au” at the end indicates an Australian origin or content.

5.  Check for bias in your information. If your web page or site has a sponsor information may be biased. What is the purpose of the website, article etc. Is it to persuade or inform?

6.  Does the information you have found apply to your task? Is it relevant to the question? Keep referring back to your task.

7.  Do NOT reference Wikipedia. The information is not always compiled by experts in the subject. This site can be very useful as a starting point BUT you need to be able to verify the Wikipedia information from a variety of other sources and documents.

8.  Keep a list of the resources you have used as you go. This will help you to reference properly.

Referencing:

'Referencing', 'citing' and 'attribution' are terms often used to refer to the acknowledgement of sources.

The following types of source materials should be acknowledged:

advertisements / other students' work / others' ideas / blogs
encyclopedia articles / personal interviews / CDROMs and DVDs / letters
pictures / magazines / maps / TV programs
pamphlets / journals / newspapers / movies
artworks / teachers / lecturers / books
websites / emails / discussion groups / music

When you quote, paraphrase, summarise or copy information from the sources you are using to research your work, you must always acknowledge the source.

There are two places where you need to acknowledge the source: in the text, and at the end of the text.

The place where you use the information in the text of your work should be shown with an 'in-text citation'. At the end of your work, you should provide a reference list of all the works that you have 'cited' in your work.

Your teachers will expect you to use an in-text citation and provide a full reference list of the sources used whenever you:

·  quote - ie use someone else's words

·  copy - eg a table, map, image

·  paraphrase - ie put someone else's ideas into your own words

·  summarise - ie create your own short account of someone else's information or ideas

Acknowledging sources means providing written recognition of any ideas that are used or adapted for students' work.

·  You need to provide the name of the original author and details of where you found the information.

·  You may need to acknowledge sources within the body of a work.

·  You should acknowledge sources at the end of your work.

Why do we reference sources?

You should acknowledge sources to:

·  demonstrate your academic integrity

·  support your argument by showing the sources of the information from which you have formed your own ideas

·  make it easy for readers to find the sources you have used, to check the information you have used and to use the sources for further information

·  fulfil your moral and legal obligations to recognise and acknowledge the author(s) of the original ideas

·  avoid plagiarism so that you are not falsely claiming someone else's work or ideas as your own.

How should resources be referenced at the end of a work?

A reference list specifically includes all the sources of information that have been cited or referred to in a piece of work. Each in-text citation must have a corresponding entry in the reference list which is submitted with the assignment.

A bibliography is broader in scope and includes all the sources used in the preparation of a piece of work - not just those that have been cited in the text of the work and included in a reference list.

The format for both a Bibliography and a Reference list is the same. Both are located at the end of the piece of work on a separate page and listed in alphabetical order of the authors of the different sources used. Different resources, print and electronic, have different characteristics related to their type, format and the content they contain. Each type of resource is cited and referenced in a slightly different way.

Your focus should be on consistency in terms of:

·  punctuation

·  capitalisation

·  italicisation

·  abbreviation

Extracts from NSW Board of Studies. (2006.) HSC: All my own work Module 2. Retrieved 21/07/2014 from http://amow.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/module2/module2.html

Students at Bede Polding College must add a Reference List on a separate page for any information research task. Sometimes you may have both a Reference List and a Bibliography.

Sample Reference List with format style for APA

Burnett-Fell, B., Ferrie, S., Wootton, M., Dengate, H., Evans, K., Baines, S., et al. (2009). Food technology in action: Preliminary and HSC courses (3rd ed.). Milton, QLD: John Wiley & Sons.

Coorey, P. (2010, July Tuesday ). Labor attacks 'big tax' Tony. The Sydney Morning Herald .

Craughwell, T. J. (2005). Urban legends: 66 absolutely true stories that happened to a friend... of a friend... of a friend. New York: Black Dog and Leventhal Publishers Inc.

Lee, J. (2010, July Monday 26th). Vegemite marches to a new beat with makeover of classic ad. The Sydney Morning Herald .

Library, U. o. (2010, February 24th). APA referencing style guide. Retrieved July 27th, 2010, from University of Western Sydney Library: http://library.uws.edu.au/FILES/cite_APA.pdf

Lundeen, T. (2010, May). Healing burnt rangeland. Australian Farm Journal , 26-27.

Morcombe, M., & Fielding, M. (1998). The spirit of change: Russia in revolution. Sydney: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.

Radford, J. (1999). A guide to writing bibliographies. Retrieved July 27th, 2010, from Delaney College Library: http://www.delanylibrary.com/bibliographies.html

Rumsey, S. (2004). How to find information: A guide for researchers. open University Press.

Ryan, K. (Ed.). (2000). Shakespeare: Texts and contexts. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.

The Holy Bible containing the Old and New Testaments (New Revised Standard Version: Catholic ed.). (1993). Nashville, Tennessee, USA: Catholic Bible Press.

Zuylen, S. v., Trethewy, G., & McIsaac, H. (2007). Geography focus 1: Stage 4. Sydney: Pearson Education Australia.

Referencing Examples by format:

APPs (Applications)

Reference list/Bibliography / Skyscape Medical Resources (Version 1.9.11) [Mobile application software]. Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.com/
In-text citation / Skyscape.(2001)

Article (from the Internet, not available in a print version)

Reference list/Bibliography / Bond, L., Carlin, J. B., Thomas, L., Rubin, K., & Patton, G. (2001). Does bullying cause emotional problems? A prospective study of young teenagers. BMJ, 323, 480-484. doi: 10.1136/bmj.323.7311.480
In-text citation / Bond, L., Carlin, J. B., Thomas, L., Rubin, K., & Patton, G. (2001).

Australian Bureau of Statistics (AusStats)

Reference list/Bibliography / Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2000, November). Use of the Internet by householders, Australia (no. 8147.0). Available from http://www.abs.gov.au/
In-text citation / (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2000)

Australian Bureau of Statistics (Census information

Reference list/Bibliography / Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2006, June 27). Voluntary work for an organisation or group by age by sex, postal area 2046. Available from http://www.abs.gov.au/
In-text citation / (Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2006)

Blogs

Reference list/Bibliography / Smith, J. (2011). Samsung's Galaxy S III mini packs bags for November 8th UK arrival. Engadget [web log]. Retrieved Nov, 2012, from http://www.engadget.com/2012/11/01/Samsung-galaxy-s-iii-arriving-uk-november-8/
In-text citation / (Smith, 2008)

Book with Editor

Reference list/Bibliography / Ryan, K. (Ed.). (2000). Shakespeare: Texts and contexts. London: Macmillan Press Ltd.
In-text citation / (Ryan, 2000)

Book with Single Author

Reference list/Bibliography / Craughwell, T. J. (2005). Urban legends: 66 absolutely true stories that happened to a friend... of a friend... of a friend. New York: Black Dog and Leventhal Publishers Inc.
In-text citation / (Craughwell, 2005)

Book with Two Authors

Reference list/Bibliography / Morcombe, M., & Fielding, M. (1998). The spirit of change: Russia in revolution. Sydney: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
In-text citation / (Morcombe & Fielding, 1998)

Book with Three to five authors

Reference list/Bibliography / Zuylen, S. v., Trethewy, G., & McIsaac, H. (2007). Geography focus 1: Stage 4. Sydney: Pearson Education Australia.
In-text citation
NOTE: In the first citation give all authors. In later citations list the first author only then use et.al. (et al. is the abbreviation for “and others”). / 1st citation (Zuylen, Trethewy, & McIsaac, 2007)
Later citations (Zuylen et al., 2007)

Book with Six Authors or more

Reference list/Bibliography / Burnett-Fell, B., Ferrie, S., Wootton, M., Dengate, H., Evans, K., Baines, S., et al. (2009). Food technology in action: Preliminary and HSC courses (3rd ed.). Milton, QLD: John Wiley & Sons.
In-text citation
NOTE: All authors should be given when there are 6 or 7 authors. If a book has 8 or more authors, place an ellipses between the sixth and final author names to indicate the some names have been omitted. / (Burnett-Fell, et al., 2009)

Book with No Author

Reference list/Bibliography / The holy bible containing the old and new testaments (New Revised Standard Version: Catholic ed.). (1993). Nashville, Tennessee, USA: Catholic Bible Press.
In-text citation
NOTE: When using the title in the text capitalise all major words. / (The Holy Bible containing the Old and New Testaments, 1993)

E-Book

Reference list/Bibliography
NOTE: When a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) number is available for the journal article include this in the reference / Rumsey, S. (2004). How to find information: A guide for researchers. open University Press. http://www.parra.eblib.com/patron/FullRecord.aspx?p=295461
In-text citation / (Rumsey, 2004)

Image on the Internet

Reference list/Bibliography / An offering to the ocean in La Punta, Peru [Image] (2009, May 19). Retrieved May 19, 2009, from http://www.smh.com.au/snapshots/
In-text citation / (An offering to the ocean in La Punta, Peru, 2009)

Journal Article (print version)

Reference list/Bibliography / Lundeen, T. (2010, May). Healing burnt rangeland. Australian Farm Journal , 26-27.
In-text citation / (Lundeen, 2010)

Journal Article (full-text from electronic database)

Reference list/Bibliography
NOTE: When a DOI (Digital Object Identifier) number is available for the journal article include this in the reference / Hoath, K. (2009). Nine Months On From The Bushfires. Earth Garden, (150), 52-55. Retrieved from Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre database.
In-text citation / Hoath, K. (2009).

Newspaper Article (available in print)

Reference list/Bibliography / Coorey, P. (2010, July Tuesday ). Labor attacks 'big tax' Tony. The Sydney Morning Herald .
In-text citation / (Coorey, 2010)

Newspaper article (from electronic database)

Reference list/Bibliography / Julian Lee MARKETING, E. (2010, July 26). Vegemite marches to a new beat with makeover of classic ad. Sydney Morning Herald, The, p. 2. Retrieved from Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre database.
In-text citation / (Lee, 2010)

Podcast (from the Internet

Reference list/Bibliography / Atkin, M. (Reporter). (2008, November 13). Bermagui forest disputed turf [Audio podcast]. The Hack Half Hour. Available from http://www.abc.net.au/triplej/hack/notes/
In-text citation / (Atkin, 2008)

Tweet

Reference list/Bibliography / Athar, Sohaib (ReallyVirtual). “Helicopter hovering above Abbottabad at 1AM (is a rare event).” 1 May 2011, 3:58 p.m. Tweet.
In-text citation: A tweet is cited in full / Sohaib Athar noted that the presence of a helicopter at that hour was “a rare event.”

Video (from the Internet)

Reference list/Bibliography / Norton, R. (2006, November 4). How to train a cat to operate a light switch [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= Vja83KLQXZs
In-text citation / (Norton, 2006).

Video recording, television broadcast or episode in a series

Reference list/Bibliography
NOTE: Use descriptors such as [Motion picture], [television broadcast], [Television series episode] / Hall, B. (Writer), & Bender, J. (Director). (1991). The rules of the game [Television series episode]. In J. Sander (Producer), I‟ll fly away. New York: New York Broadcasting Company.
In-text citation / (Hall & Bender, 1991).

Web page/document on the Internet

Reference list/Bibliography
NOTE: Web pages and documents on the web include the following elements:
· Author/Editor/Compiler
· Date of page/date of document
· Title of document (including version number)/Title of page
· Name of sponsor of source
· Date retrieved
· URL / Document on the Internet:
Este, J., Warren, C., Connor, L., Brown, M., Pollard, R., & O‟Connor, T. (2008). Life in the clickstream: The future of journalism. Media Entertainment and Arts Alliance. Retrieved May 27, 2009, from http://www.alliance.org.au /documents/foj_report_final.pdf
In-text citation / (Este et al, 2008)

Web page/document on the Internet, no author no date

Reference list/Bibliography
NOTE: (n.d.)= no date. Carefully consider the reliability and credibility of websites with no author and/or no date before including it as a reference. / Developing an argument. (n.d.). Retrieved March 30, 2009, from http://web.princeton.edu/sites/writing/Writing_Center/WCWriting Resources.htm
In-text citation / (Developing an Argument, n.d.)