BIO175 Exam 3 Study Guide
This is a study guide, not a comprehensive list of information that will be on the exam. However, if you are able to explain these topics and answer these questions fully and completely, as if you were talking to someone who has not taken this class, then you will be able to complete the majority of the exam without too much trouble.
Nervous system:
Know the parts of neurons & what glial cells do.
What is the resting potential? What is an action potential? What makes up a synapse and what happens there?
know the divisions of the nervous system, then the further divisions of the PNS.
Know the brain anatomy (fore-, mid- & hind-), including the lobes of the cerebrum, and associated functions of each area.
Know the anatomy of the spinal cord (we did not do a whole lot on this!).
Understand the purpose and layers of the protective meninges; where are they located? What is CSF and where is it found?
Pathology; what is the danger of hydrocephaly in adults? What is MS?
Understand what the nervous and endocrine systems have in common and how they are different and how they work together.
Endocrine system: Understand the difference between the different structures of the endocrine system, meaning why is the thyroid considered a true gland and the pancreas is not?
What does the endocrine system really do? How does it work? What are the types of hormones and how do they differ functionally? Why do some cells react to a specific hormone while others do not?
What is the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland? How are the two pituitary lobes different?
Know which hormones are secreted by which endocrine structure and know the functions of the hormones. (Just the few we discussed.)
You should know at least one disorder per gland, meaning some we went over what happens when too much hormone is released and when too little is, just pick one per gland and know that. (Some glands we did not discuss any disorders.)
Understand the role of the pancreas in the maintenance blood sugar levels. Know the cause of type I and type II diabetes mellitus.
**Cardiovascular system:
Know the functions of the cardiovascular system.
Know the structure and function of the heart chambers and valves. Be able to identify the parts on a diagram. Remember anatomical position even with regard to a heart!
How do AP get generated and travel through a heart?
What is an ECG. Know what the peaks represent.
What is the cardiac cycle? How is it regulated?
Know the structural and functional differences among the different types of blood vessels.
What is meant by blood pressure? What influences it? What’s the big deal if it is too high?
Be able to trace the path of a drop of blood through both circuits of the system (what are those circuits? Why do we have them?), naming all chambers, valves and major vessels.
Know the cardiovascular disorders we discussed.
What is blood composed of? What are the roles of the components? What is the difference between hemopoiesis and hemostasis? How do they work? Know the sequence of events of blood clotting; what is involved?
What are antigens and antibodies and what do they have to do with blood typing? Why is it dangerous to receive a blood type different from your own during a transfusion? What is hemolytic disease of newborns?
As always, use your diagrams as a study tool!