Name: ______Period: _____
Notes: Evidence of Evolution
Evidence of Evolution
• Remember, evolution is a ______, so there must be extensive evidence that supports it!
• Lines of evidence:
Fossil Record
• Show ______between extinct organisms and organisms living today
• Many types of ______
• ______, imprints (footprints, leaves), ______, plants, ______, eggs, fossilized amber (insects)
• Transitional Species
• Show link between ______of organisms
• Example: Archaeopteryx–Link between reptiles and birds
• Shows ______between living and extinct species
• Example:
Anatomical Features
• Similarities in ______suggest common descent/ancestry among organisms
Homology vs. Analogy
• Homology- traits inherited by two ______organisms from a ______ancestor (forelimbs of a dog and human arm)
• Analogy- similarity due to convergent evolution ______common ______(wings of a bird and wings of a butterfly)
Convergent Evolution
· Convergent evolution
o Two separate organisms evolve similar characteristics ______of one another
o Happens when two species are facing similar selective pressures/same ______pressures
Divergent Evolution
• Divergent evolution is the accumulation of ______; results in different ______
Homologous Structures
• Definition:
• Bones or organs that appear in different organisms but share a ______ancestry
• Same basic ______, but ______
• Example:
• ______of vertebrates:
• These bones are very similar but have very different functions
Vestigial Structures
· Definition
o Body structure that has been ______in size and function
o But, ______a fully functional structure in another organism
· Examples
o ______(coccyx) in humans
o ______in humans
o ______in flightless birds
§ Related to wings used for ______
o ______fold in human eye
§ Remnant of ______membrane
o ______in humans
§ Attempt to ______fur when cold
Embryology
• Embryology Definition:
• The study of embryos and their ______
• Different organisms show very ______developmental patterns and structures
• Suggests ______ancestry between species
• Example:
• All vertebrates have ______and a ______at some point during development
Biochemistry
· Nucleic acids carry ______information in all organisms
o ______or ______
· ______genetic code
o ______code and ______acids are the same for all organisms
o ______sequences
o The more closely related organisms are, the more similar their ______sequences
· Proteins
o Vital proteins are found in ______organisms
o Example:
· ATP
o ______source for all organisms