BIOLOGY 2014 MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE
***I am able to complete the following for each chapter section.***
CHAPTER 5
5.2
· What is another name for sugar?
· Name different types of sugar
· What is the structure of sugar?
5.5
· What is a catalyst?
· What is an enzyme?
CHAPTER 6
6.1
· What are differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
· What is a plasma membrane made of?
· What is the function of a plasma membrane?
· Draw and label a plant and animal cell
6.2
· What is the plasma membrane made of?
· What is a phospholipids bilayer?
· Draw a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail
· Name 2 functions of the plasma membrane
6.3
· How does diffusion work?
· Why is facilitated diffusion different?
· List 3 types of passive transport
· Osmosis transports what?
· Draw an isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solution
· How do animal and plant cells react in hypotonic or hypertonic environments?
· What is exocytosis?
· What is endocytosis?
6.4
· List the different animal cell organelles; include function
6.6
· Name the organelles that offer support
· Name the organelles that provide movement
CHAPTER 7
7.1
· Define autotrophs
· Give an example of an autotroph
· Give an example of a consumer
7.2
· Name the 3 main forms of energy
· What does chemical energy do?
· Write the equation for cellular respiration
7.3
· What is ATP made of?
· Explain how potential and kinetic energy is used in ATP
· What is ADP?
7.4
· Why is O2 important in an aerobic process?
· Name the 2 reactants in cellular respiration
7.5
· Where does glycolysis take place?
· What does glycolysis break down?
· What is the Krebs cycle?
· How many times does it cycle?
· Where in the cell does the Krebs cycle happen?
· What happens after the Krebs cycle?
· What is the ATP output after each part of cellular respiration?
7.6
· Define fermentation
· List two types of fermentation
CHAPTER 8
8.1
· What is photosynthesis?
· What organisms use photosynthesis?
· Where does photosynthesis occur?
· What is the photosynthesis equation?
· Name the 2 stages.
8.2
· What is a wavelength?
· What is the electromagnetic spectrum? Draw it.
· What is the light called that we can see?
· Define pigment.
· What can pigments do to light?
· What do chloroplast pigments do?
8.3
· What is another name for the light independent reactions?
· What starts the light independent reactions?
· Where do the starting points from the light independent reactions come from?
· What is the output?
· Where do the light independent reactions take place? Light dependent reactions?
CHAPTER 9
9.1
· List the 2 types of reproduction
9.2
· Explain the difference between chromatin and chromosomes
· Name the phase where the cell spends most of its time
· Describe how the cell cycle progresses
9.3
· State what occurs during all phases of mitosis
· Draw examples of animal cells during mitosis
· Explain what a cell plate does and where it would be found
9.4
· Explain how cancer may form
· List 2 therapies in cancer treatment
9.5
· Name the type of cell where meiosis occurs
· Define homologous chromosome
· State at least 3 differences between mitosis and meiosis
· Explain why the 23rd pair is different in human chromosomes
· Draw examples of animal cells during meiosis
9.6
· Explain crossing over