American Imperialism – 1890-1914
Causes
- Settling of the American Frontier – Frederick J. Turner
- White Man’s Burden – Josiah Strong, Our Country, Its Possible Future and Present Crisis
- Expansion of Markets – Far East Trade (China)
D.Industrial Growth
- National Security and Protection of Trade Routes- Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power Upon American History
F.Social Darwinism on a global scale
Evidence of America’s Growing Interest in Overseas Expansion
- 1853- Commodore Matthew Perry and Japan
- 1867- Seward purchases Alaska from Russia, $7.2 mil.
- 1840-1898- Missionaries, planters, businessmen establish American presence on Hawaii- Queen Liliuokalani overthrown in 1893, Hawaii annexed in 1898.
- 1889- SamoanIslands divided with Germany
Spanish American War (1898) America becomes a colonial power
- Cuban Revolution (1895)– Jose Marti
- Yellow Journalism- (sensationalism) Hearst and Pulitzer depict Spanish (“Butcher” Weyler) as despotic rulers
- DeLome Letter
- “Remember the Maine” – HavanaHarbor
- Declaration of War (April 1898)- Teller Amendment – Cuba would be free and independent
- Battles-
- San Juan Hill, Santiago – T.R. and the Rough Riders
- Manila Bay, Philippines – Admiral Dewey
- San Juan, Puerto Rico
- Paris Peace Treaty 1898- America gets Philippines, Cuba,
Puerto Rico, and Guam
Imperialism – The Debate
- Pro-Imperialism (Sen. Beveridge, Teddy Roosevelt)
- White Man’s Burden
- Military Bases
- Far East Trade and Foreign Markets
- Anti-Imperialism (William J. Bryan, Andrew Carnegie)
- Un-democratic
- Cost of maintaining colonies
- Involve the U.S. in foreign wars
- Despotism abroad may lead to despotism at home
Spheres of Influence
- Caribbean and Latin America “Colossus of the North”
- Platt Amendment – Cuba (GuantanamoBay and American intervention)
- Panama Canal – Hay - Bunau-Varilla Treaty 1903
- Gunboat Diplomacy,
- Panama’s Revolt against Columbia
- Roosevelt Corollary and the Big Stick
- Dominican Republic 1905 – tax collection
- Cuba 1906 – Revolution
- Dollar Diplomacy (Taft) using U.S. investments to influence foreign nations
- Moral Diplomacy (Wilson) U.S. would respect the independence of foreign countries – Unable to follow through as U.S. troops were sent to Haiti, Dominican Republic and Mexico b/w 1914 and 1917
- Asia
- China and the Boxer Rebellion 1900
- Open Door Policy 1900 – Sec. of State, John Hay
- Philippine Rebellion 1899-1900 (Emilio Aguinaldo) – Philippine independence in 1946
- Russo-Japanese War 1904-05
- Portsmouth, NH Treaty – TR wins Nobel
- Gentlemen’s Agreement 1907– San Francisco segregation of Asian students ended with Japanese agreement to stop flow of workers to America.
- Great White Fleet 1907 (Root-Takahira Agreement)
U.S & Japan agree to respect each others territories in Asia