Political Science 230 Part III

Political Science 230 Part III

Roskin, pgs. 122-128

Kelleher, pgs. 115-117, A:IR15-16

ETERNAL WARFAR IN THE HOLY LAND

True or False Questions

1. The ancient Hebrews were conquered by Assyria, Persia, Alexander the Great and Rome. True or False

2. In Israel today one can meet Jews who look like Germans, Spaniards, Russians, Turks, Arabs, Indians, you name it. True or False

3. Historically, Jewish life in Arab lands was generally much worst than in Europe for Muslims were less tolerant of different faiths compared to Christians. True or False

4. Much as it did to colonial peoples, nationalism in the nineteenth century awakened Jews demanding that a Zionist state be created. True or False

5. In 1900 Palestine was a sleepy province of the Ottoman Turkish empire with a small population of mostly Arabs. True or False

6. Thanks to Arabic translations, the ancient Greek classics survived and spread into Christian Europe with medicine, the arts and commerce flourishing under Arab empires. True or False

7. The first Arab Congress met in Paris in 1913 to advocate Arab self-rule independent of the Ottoman Empire. True or False

8. In World War I, Britain launched both Zionist and Arab nationalist movements into a contest for land. True or False

9. Nationalism teaches that it is acceptable to be governed by foreigners as long as your rights are protected. True or False

10. The more recently a country has been a colony, the less nationalistic it tends to be. True or False

11. The Balfour Declaration was consistent with the McMahon-Hussein Letters and the Sykes-Picot Agreement. True or False

12. During World War 1, Turkey allied itself with Russia against the British and the French. True or False

13. By 1938 there were 413,000 Jews in Palestine, still a minority because the Arab population had grown as well. True or False

14. World War II turned Zionism from a romantic dream to a tough demand for a Jewish state. True or False

15. Menachem Begin and Yitzhak Shamir, two former prime ministers of Israel, refused to partake in Jewish terrorism prior to the creation of Israel, believing that innocent life must always be respected. True or False

16. The Nazis had exterminated some six-million Jews while the world paid little attention, causing many Jewish leaders never to trust others to provide for their security. True or False

17. Britain and France quietly colluded with Israel to take back the Suez Canal in 1956. True or False

18. The United States supported efforts by the French and the British to resecure the Suez Canal in 1956. True or False

Multiple Choiice Questions

1. The following incident caused Theodor Herzl to become the principal advocate and organizer of modern Zionism where a French officer who happened to be Jewish was convicted on false evidence: a) The Hertzberg Conspiracy, b) The Dreyfus Affair, d) The Strasberg Massacre, d) The Hapsburg Uprising

2. A term coined in the 1880s to describe the new sense of Jewish nationalism that sought to return Jews to Palestine: a) Sephardic, b) Israeli, c) Semitism, d) Zionism.

3. Pogroms were: a) supporters of a Jewish state, b) a military takeover of a corrupt government in Poland, c) Turkish government offices where legislators congregate, d) anti-Jewish riots initiated by the tsarist government.

4. The Turkish empire in the Balkans and the Middle East lasting from the fourteenth century through World War 1: a) Byzantine, b) Albanian, c) Ottoman, d) Tartar.

5. What does Muslim mean? a) Giving blessings to those who have yet to find God, b) Holding pity for those who have yet to find Islam, c) Surrendering to the will of God, d) Pleading forgiveness for one’s sins.

6. A religion that arose in the seventh century from the prophet Muhammad: a) Judaism, b) Christianity, c) Islam, d) Buddhism.

7. Caliphate: a) leader of roving, nomadic tribes of Arabia, b) specific area of Palestine, c) Muslim empire, d) religious Islamic leader.

8. An "Arab awakening" began with a literary revival in the mid-nineteenth century, much of it led by Arab Christians beginning in the following country: a) Jordan, b) Iraq, c) Lebanon, d) Egypt.

9. The strongest and most emotional of the world's ideologies, a belief in the identity and unity of one's people: a) culture, b) race, c) nationalism, d) ethnicity.

10. Modern nationalism didn't rise until: a) the British Glorious Revolutions, b) the American Revolution, c) the French Revolution, d) the rise of Fascism.

11. According to Roskin and Berry, nationalism can become especially dangerous when it is intertwined with: a) religion, b) politics, c) geography, d) money.

12. Semi-colonial power was granted by the League of Nations to Britain and France to supervise territories lost by Germany and Turkey after World War I: a) sovereignty, b) mandate, c) manifest destiny, d) legitimacy.

13. A secret agreement among Britain, France, and Russia that would carve up the Ottoman Empire into spheres of influence: a) The Belfour Declaration, b) The Sykes-Picot Agreement, c) The McMahon-Chambers Agreement, d) The McMillan-Sykes Declaration.

14. What did the Balfour Declaration stipulate in 1917? a) That a Jewish state would be created in Palestine, b) That existing Arab populations in Palestine must be removed to accommodate newly arriving Jews, c) That Jews would get a homeland, but the rights of existing Arab communities must be respected, d) That Jews were entitled to a state in Palestine with the proviso that they protect the rights of existing non-Jewish communities.

15. Why did T. E. Lawrence organize the Arab revolt of 1916? a) To bring independence to the Arab states, b) To support Russian designs on Arabia, c) To fight colonialism and bring an end to Ottoman oppression, d) To expand the British Empire in the Middle East.

16. Why did Britain encourage the Zionist movement while simultaneously supporting Arab "independence during World War 1?" a) as a means of generating Jewish positive opinion in the U.S. and Russia, b) as a commitment to assuring the rights of the Arabs who had long suffered under the Ottoman Empire, c) Britain has always supported the efforts of peoples throughout the world to free themselves from foreign control, d) The British felt a spiritual kinship to Jews and Arabs who had long suffered from discrimination and abuse.

17. From 1919 to 1931, about how many Jews immigrated to Palestine annually? a) 5,000, b) 10,000, c) 25,000, d) 67,000.

18. A Jewish self-defense force in the 1930s that later became the core of the Israeli army: a) kibbutzim, b) haganah, c) moshavim, d) ayn brayra.

19. In 1939 Britain issued the following major diplomatic policy statement that would restrict Jewish immigration to Palestine to only 75,000 more over the next 4 years: a) White Paper, b) Diplomatic Agreement, c) Treaty Announcement, d) Executive Agreement.

20. Jordan was created: a) to accommodate the cries for a Palestinian state, b) to reward one of Hussein's sons for helping expel the Turks, c) to establish a British colony because of its oil reserves, d) by the League of Nations to prevent Israel from expanding further.

21. What was the primary reason the Russians supported the partition plan for Palestine drawn up by the UN commission in 1947? a) The Russians had tremendous empathy for both the Jews and the Palestinians, b) The Russians saw an opportunity to win access and influence in a future Israel at the expense of the Arabs, c) The Russians saw an opportunity to remove Britain and enhance its role, d) The Russians feared the establishment of a Palestinian state because of the United States.

22. When the proposed partition of Palestine was announced by the UN commission, what was the population of Jews in the area? a) They were one-quarter of the population, b) They were one-third of the population, c) They were about half of the population, d) They were about seventy per cent of the population.

23. By defeating almost all the Arab armies in 1948, Israel was able to get what percent of the Palestine mandate? a) 55%, b) 62%, c) 80%, d) 100%

24. During the 1956 War between Israel and the Arabs, the United States aligned itself with the following in an effort to clear out the French and the British from the Suez Canal: a) Britain, b) France, c) Germany, d) the Soviet Union.

25. Egyptian President Gamal Abdul Nasser: a) saw himself only as an Egyptian nationalist, b) opposed the Algerian nationalists against the French, fearing their influence in the region, c) opposed the U.S.-and British-backed Baghdad Pact, d) sought to keep the Soviet Union out of the Middle East.

26. Who were the fedayeen? a) Palestinian doctors who provided medical care to refugees, b) "Self-sacrificers" who were armed and trained by the Egyptians, c) Nasser’s loyal followers within the Egyptian military that helped him overthrow King Farouk, d) Religious leaders determined to impose the Koran on Arabian populations.

27. Why did Nasser nationalize the British-and French-owned Suez Canal on July 26, 1956? a) To help defray the costs of building the Aswan Dam, b) To create a "smoke-screen," distracting the Egyptian public’s attention away from Nasser’s failure to pay back the enormous loans owed to the two European countries, c) Because the British and French no longer could afford the costs of running the canal, d) The United States had offered to buy the canal if Nasser was able to wrest control of the canal, giving a potential financial windfall for Egypt.

28. The 1956 Middle East war ended with: a) Israel being defeated, preventing them from capturing the Suez Canal, b) the United States condemning Egypt for its aggression against Israel, its friendly neighbor, c) the return of the Suez Canal to Egypt, d) the Israelis taking control of the Suez Canal and the French occupying the Sinai.

29. How was President Eisenhower able to get the Israelis to pull back from the Sinai? a) By threatening to invade Israel under UN auspices, b) By reassuring Israel that the U.S. would never allow the Egyptians to access military hardware from the USSR, c) By officially recognizing the state of Israel and accepting Jerusalem as its capital, d) By threatening economic sanctions and getting Egypt to open the Tiran Strait to Israeli shipping.

Fill-in Questions

1. What were the McMahon-Hussein Letters?

a) The British boss of Egypt, Sir Henry McMahon, exchanged 10 letters with Sherif Hussein in 1915-16 to encourage the Arabs to ______against the ______.

b) McMahon agreed with Hussein that there should be an Arab land, but he left the ______.

c) Hussein wanted the entire Arabian peninsula and the Fertile Crescent (including ______).

d) McMahon ______, but the Arabs thought they had a ______.

2. How was Israel created in 1947?

a) Broke and exhausted, ______in 1947 threw the problem to the new United Nations.

b) A UN commission recommended ______Palestine into a ______of Arab and Jewish areas with a neutral Jerusalem.

c) The UN ______voted for the plan 33 to 13, with 10 abstaining.

d) Both the United States and the Soviet Union and their allies voted for the plan, but all of the ______states voted against.

Health of the Planet

Kelleher, pgs. 114-117

True or False Questions

1. The introduction of rabbits to Australia by Thomas Austin has had beneficial environmental consequences for the local species and vegetation. True or False

2. The Australian continent is home to marsupials while Europe is home to placentals. True or False

3. In an effort to stabilize the rabbit population in Australia, natural predators such as dingoes and eagles were protected, especially by the farmers. True or False

4. Ecosystems are infinite arenas able to repair and adapt to changes as they occur. True or False

Multiple Choice Questions

1. European animals are placentals which means that: a) they give birth to immature young, b) they are vegetarian, c) they give birth to developed young, d) they are omnivorous

2. What did the Australians attempt to do in the 20th to control the rabbit population? a) They introduced biological controls, b) They went on a hunting spree, c) They introduced rattle snakes, d) They simply have given up.

3. All environments are composed of complex interconnections, called a) territorial balance, b) ecosystems, c) global terrain, d) environmental accumulation.

4. The number of people who can be supported indefinitely in a given environment with a given technology and culture? a) people sustainability, b) human development structure, c) human carrying capacity, d) ecological human balance.

5. In which country has the populations grown so big that they have decimated the local forests, polluted waters, and consumed soils? a) The United States, b) India, c) Canada, d) Poland.

6. What is meant by the tragedy of the commons? a) When common people lose sight of the cultural values of the community, b) When immigrants are allowed to enter a country without concern for their ability to adapt, c) Commoners were considered the foundation of the development of the state, but were eventually exploited by the landed elite, d) When public property is abused and disrespected because self-interest perpetuates it.

Fill-in Questions

1. Homo sapiens is one of the most successful species on Earth in a number of respects:

a) They can live in virtually all ______.

b) They are ______and have developed ______, or tool kits, that allow them to build shelters, process foods, and

c) provide elaborate ______care.