1 Abstracts
Multi Criteria Decision Analysis to Compare Management
Alternatives for Conservation of Persian Fallow Deer
1*Goudarzi, F.; 2Bashari, H.; 3Hemami, M.R.
1 Graduated Master of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and
Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University
2 Assist. Prof. of Range Management, Isfahan University of Technology
3 Assoc. Prof. of Environmental Sciences, Isfahan University of Technology
(Received: 2012/May/5; Accepted: 2014/Jan/14)
Abstract
Decision making for identifying and selecting the best management options for species conservation considering the ecological, social and economic issues is usually a challenging procedure as stakeholders may have various interests. Achieving a compromise for selecting the best management practices is a prolonged process, but the time for saving the threatened species is limited. Decision support tools such as Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) provide a framework for participation of different groups in the decision making process. We used a Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) approach to identify the best management practices for conservation of Persian fallow deer. Persian fallow deer is an endangered species and have beensavedfrom the verge of extinction by captive breeding programs and introducing it into different areas over the last half century. In this study eight management options for conservation of Persian fallow deer were identified and compared using six different criteria. All criteria were weighted and the management options weighed and ranked against each criterion, then the preference ability and the range of variation of each management option were identified. Deer protection in current sites was identified as the best practice to conserve the species. Other management options such as reintroducing the species to more new areas or habitat restoration had less favorability considering the costs, practicality, and conflicts with local people. By obtaining more information about the species ecology and conflict with local communities, the results of this study can be enhanced using the adaptive management approach.
Keywords:Multi criteria decision analysis; Wildlife management; Persian fallow deer; Facilitator.
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Utilization Intensity Effect on Plant Richness and Diversity in
Shourab Rangelands of Golestan Province
1Tamartash, R.; 1Heydari, Gh.; 1Tatian, M. R.; 2* Baghestani Far, M.
1 Assist. Prof. of Range Management, Sari University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources
2 M.Sc. Studentof Range Management, Sari University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources
(Received: 2012/June/19; Accepted: 2014/Jan/14)
Abstract
Aphysicallydestructivepressureonrangelandecosystems is livestock intensive grazing thatresults in decrease invegetation andspecies.To evaluate theeffects ofgrazingondiversity andspecies richnessinShourab summerrangelands ofGorgan, three siteswere chosen as reference, key and critical areas. The sampling was done systematic randomly using 40 plots 1×1m2 on three 100m transects in each unit. Listofspecies, percentcover andspecies number were recordedineach plot. The species list, plant cover percentage and number of species were recorded in each plot. Evaluation ofnumerical diversityindicesand species richnesswas done.Then, the datawas analyzed byANOVAand means comparison.The results showed thatthe numericalvaluesfor allindicators ofdiversityand richnessinthe criticalregion have been less to thereferenceregiondue to intensegrazing.Also, theaveragegrazingwas not negativefactorinreducingplant diversity.
Keywords: Plant diversity, Richness, Grazing, Rangeland, Gorgan
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Health, Safety and Environmental Risk Management in
Shomal Cement Plant by Using William Fine Technique
1*Jozi, S. A.;2Atabi, F.;3Honarmand, H.
1 Assoc. Prof., Department of Environment, Faculty of Technical & Engineering,
Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch
2 Assist. Prof., Graduated School of Environment & Energy, Science & Research Branch, IAU
3 M.Sc. in Environmental Management, Islamic Azad University Tehran Science & Research Branch
(Received: 2011/Sep/25; Accepted: 2014/Jan/14)
Abstract
In this research, in order to assess and risk management of North Cement Factory, emission rate of air pollutants surrounding the mills no1, no2, no3, exhaust from the chimney of new product mill, electro filter, exhaust of klin no2, consisting CO. NO, NO2 and particles were measured. Air pollutants by Testo350 apparatus were measured.The calculation of this research indicated that the concentration of some air pollutants in the North Cement Factory is higher than the viable standards.The amount of NOx is acceptable whereas the amount of CO, is twice and the PM particulates on average is 6 times higher than the authorized amount.The rate of coliforms in waste was 40 times more than the permitted amount.Not only do these pollutants dissipate the Cement but they also cause irrevocable damages in the environment.According to implemented Classification,30% of aspects were low-risk level, 37.5% were Mid-risk level, 25% were high-risk level and 7.5% were extremely high-risk level.Eventually to decrease the efficiency of filteration equipments as well as more efficient management of the factory, effective management measures were presented.
Key Words: Risk assessment, William fine technique, Environmental risk management, Risk priority number, Cement industry
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The Comparison Between Public Preferences and
Willingness to Pay for Recreation for Sorkhe Hesarand
Other Forest Parks in Iran
1*Sayadi, F.; 2Rafiee, H.
1Sama Tecnical and Vocatinal Training College, Islamic Azad University, Rodehen Branch
2 Assist. Prof. of Agricultural Economics, University of Tehran
(Received: 2013/Aug/3; Accepted: 2014/Jan/14)
Abstract
The economic evaluation has a important effect on the optimization of the environmental policies. These systems provide necessary mechanism to increase welfare. So, to make these sources quantitive and recognizable is of high importance. This study tries to evaluate and estimate recreational value of Sorkhe Hesar forest park in Tehran province with completed 230 questionnaires dichotomous choice and analyzes parameters affecting individual public preferences in 2013. Willingness to pay (WTP) of individuals was specified, using contingent valuation method (CVM) and Logit regression model.Also effective factors on WTP, were studied based on the maximum likelihood parameters coefficients of the model. The variables of suggested fee, family monthly revenue, the educational level, satisfaction rate, age, the inclination to revisit, and spring and summer has a meaningful effect on people 's inclination to pay for taking advantage of recreational use of this park. the meaningfulness of three variables the suggested fee, family monthly revenue and the educational level is similar to research findings in another forestall parks. The willingness to pay for recreation of the forestall park Sorkhe Hesar was measured $1 per person per visit. In comparison with control group, this is considerably lower. The differences of the rate of attractiveness of these parks has caused a considerable difference in the inclination to pay for recreation. Age was a significant variable in this study in contrast to the results of the other park, Older people due to high attraction of forest, are willing to pay.
Key words: Contingent valuation method, Logit model, Sorkhe hesar forest park
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Environment Role in Food Security Nutrition of
Rural Families(Case Study: Yazd Province)
1*Fatahi, A.; 2Salem, J.
1 Assist. Prof.Economicsof Natural Resources, University of Ardakan
2 Researcher of Research Center of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Yazd province
(Received: 2013/Jan/22; Accepted: 2014/Jan/14)
Abstract
In recent years, environment role and its recreational function are increased in families' income. In fact, with increasing internal recreation in country, environment role and its recreational function are increased on rural families' economics and food security. This study is done for recognizing recreational effects on food security and decreasing villagers' poverty in Yazd villages. The methodology is descriptive analyzes that proportionate data type, withnonparametric tests. The results show that from inhabitants' viewpoint, environment and its recreational function have positive effects on some sub index of food security with increasing employment of active population, increasing income level, increasing food consumption per capita, decreasing stricken percent of malnutrition. Improvement of health indexes, increasing agricultural output growth, increasing population percent that have healthy water, increasing families' food variety and improvement basic capacities.Are some resultsalso, environment role and its recreational function have negative effects on some sub indexes of food security such as annual average rate of garden ruin, increasing lands usage change, increasing risk of erosion, decreasing cultivatable land per capita, decreasing access amount of agricultural water, increasing food price and increasing income inequality. According to the Chi-Square test, in this case there is significant agreement among villages' inhabitants.
Keywords:Environment, Recreational function, Ruraleconomics, Food security, Yazd province.
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Influence of Urban Green Spaces on Temperature and Relative Humidity of the Surrounding Areas (Case Study: Gorgan City)
1*Aghili Nasab, Z.; 2Mohammadzade, M.; 3Salman Mahini, A.; 2Zareii, H.
1 M.Sc. Graduate of Environmental Science, Gorgan University
2Assist. Prof. Faculty Agricultural and Natural resources, Gorgan University
3Assoc. Prof. Faculty Agricultural and Natural resources, Gorgan University
(Received: 2012/Dec/29; Accepted: 2014/Jan/14)
Abstract
In recent years much attention has been made to urban green spaces to prevent increasing temperature, and increases of at relative humidity considering global warming which may cause reduced energy consumption. In this study, the effects of urban green spaces in Gorgan on temperature and humidity of the surrounding environment has been assessed. Field survey was carried out in August 2011 and temperature and relative humidity was recorded for 15 selected green spaces in the city. Results indicated gradual temperature decrease and heightened relative humidity with proximity to the green spaces. The meaningful distance for the effect of the spaces on temperature reduction was found to be 60 meters (p≤0/05). The northern aspect was found to have the lowest temperature and highest relative humidity while the southern aspect showed a reverse trend. The adjusted R2 for the regressions between temperature and relative humidity as dependent variables and aspect, distance and the size of the green spaces were found to be 0/975 and 0/9274, respectively. The results indicated a meaningful impact of the green spaces on temperature and relative humidity of the adjacent areas in the urban environment. These green spaces are thus considered as cool islands the provision of which will help dampen the negative impact of the developments in the city. This study helped quantify the mitigating effects of the green spaces and provided a basis for justifying increase in urban vegetated areas.
Key words: Urban green spaces, Temperature and relative humidity, Urban climate, Cool island
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Environmental Impact Assessment of the Forest
Management Plan, Using Degradation Model
(Case Study: Patom District of Kheyroud Forest)
1Aghnoum, M.; 2*Feghhi, J.; 3Makhdoum, M.F.; 4Jabbarian Amiri, B.
1 M.Sc. forestry student, Department of Forestry and Forest Economic,
Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
2 Assoc. Prof. Department of Forestry and Forest Economic,
Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
3 Prof. Department of Forestry and Forest Economic, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
4 Assist. Prof. Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran
(Received: 2012/Sep/4; Accepted: 2014/Jan/14)
Abstract
Forests are as renewable natural resources and because of its abundant environmental values have special status. Given the importance of forests as one of the most important sources of development in the country, several measures such as forest management plans are programmed in Iran. The Review of forest management plans in Iran indicates that in many of plans, the importance of ecosystems was ignored and most of decisions were made irrespective of environmental values. So multifunctional nature of forests, requires environmental impact assessment to be implemented in connection with forest management plans. The purpose of this study is the assessment and measurement of the Degradation coefficient because of human activities in Patom district of Kheyrud forest from the past to present. So, degradation model and degradation fuzzy set model was used that it is one of the environmental impact assessment methods and one of the important tools for the quantification of environmental destruction. TheResults of this research showed that %100 of the study area needrehabilitation.
Key words: Forest management plan, EIA, Degradation model, Kheyrud forest, Rehabilitation
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Investigation of the Users’ Preferences to Improve the
Situation of Greenery in Birjand City (Iran)
*Khalilnezhad, S. M. R.
PhD candidate at the Department of Space and Environmental Planning,
Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Germany
(Received: 2012/Feb/25; Accepted: 2014/Jan/14)
Abstract
It is inevitable that landscape and opens space sustainablity to be a reflection of the potential users’ preferences. The aim of this research is recognition of the citizens' attitudes which should obviously be considered in urban parks and green spaces rehabilitation procedure. The voices of the users help designers to determine the main concept for the rehabilitation of current greenery situation. This study was undertaken to reflect the park and green spaces users’ voice in Birjand (center of Southern Khorasan province in the east of Iran). The proposed methods and results of this study could be applied in the procedure of rehabilitation of the open and green spaces in that city. The data was mainly gathered by distribution of questionnaires among the inhabitants of quadruplet zones in mentioned city. The methodologies of this research are documentary, analytical, and measurement methods. Furthermore the required analysis has been conducted. The findings of this investigation indicate that the priorities of varied citizens based on their demographic ingredients and socio-economic characteristics are different. But generally, the achievement of this research shows that from viewpoint of the Birjand's inhabitants, the plant species of urban parks should be diversified and promoted by utilization of the various kind of plants species of all categories (broad leaved trees, needle leaved trees, ground covers and seasonal), and contrary to the former procedure, planting should not be merely concentrated on the needle leaved trees. Furthermore, most of Brigands’ residents have assessed the toilets, drinker's instruments, and children play equipments as the most important priority which should be amended. Beside these, attention to the youth and students' demands was emphasized, and most of respondents were in favor of stone pavement.
Key words:Citizens preferences, Parks rehabilitation, Urban green spaces, Birjand city
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Developing a Model for Green Supplier Selection Based on Environmental Performance Approach Using MCDM
(Application to Selected Tile Companies of Yazd Province)
1Mirghafoori, S. H.; 2*Sadeghi Arani, Z.;3Azizi, F.
1 Assoc. Prof. of Industrial Management, Yazd University
2 Phd Student of Industrial Management, University ofTehran
3 Phd Student of Tourism Management, Allameh Tabatabai University
(Received: 2011/Oct/31; Accepted: 2014/Jan/14)
Abstract
Nowadays, environmental management focusing on environmental protection has become a challenging issue to business organizations as a result of global and local environmental problems. There has been increasing interest towards firm’s environmental sustainability activities to improve practices in their supply chain.This challenge has led to a new concept called green supply chain management (GSCM) in business field that is the combinations of environmental thinking and supply chain.Since Yazd province is industrial pole of tile and ceramic in Iran, and because of high pollution in this industry, authoritiesareforcedtofollowenvironmentallaws and produce environment-friendly products. For doing so, they choose factories that protect the environment in the supply chain which can be considered as a competitive advantage for them. In this regard, this study ranks the selected tile companies in Yazd province based on green supply chain. For this purpose, a questionnaire has been used that assess the green supply chain using six criteria including green supplier and purchasing, green design, green manufacturing, green distribution, green packaging and green production costs. Finally, to rank the companies two multi-criteria decisions making techniques, PROMETHEE and OWA, have been used. Ranking the selected tile companies of Yazd based on MCDM methods showed that respective companies B and C have better and worse condition in producing environmentally friendly products. The results showed that there is little difference between these two MCDM methods (OWA and PROMETHEE).
Keywords: Green Supply Chain, OWA, PROMETHEE, Tile Companies of Yazd Province.
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Estimating the Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Organic Products: Application of Heckman Two Stage Method
(Case of Organic Cucumbers)
1Pormozaffar,S.H.;2* Layani, Gh.; 3 Shahabi,S.;4 Rafiee,H.
1B .Sc. Student of Agricultural Economics,University of Sari
2 M .Sc. Student of Agricultural Economics,University of shiraz
3 B .Sc. Student of Agricultural Economics,University of Sari
4 Assist. Prof. Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Tehran, Iran
(Received: 2013/May/7; Accepted: 2014/Jan/14)
Abstract
Considering the importance and extension of global markets of organic products, production and developing this market in Iran has a particular importance. In this study which has been conducted for organic cucumbers, 308 questionnaires have been completed randomly from Mazandaran province citizens in 2011. Tobit estimation model and Heckman Two Stage Method has been applied to analyze the collected data. The results reveal that consumers of different levels have the willingness to pay equal to $1 more than what it is paid for non-organic cucumber. Sex, age, household income, monthly consumption of cucumber and familiarity with organic products were the factors which had significant effect on tendency to pay. Apart from age, which had a negative relation to willingness to pay more, the other factors have a positive effect on the suggested price. In order to develop organic markets, it is suggested to separate the market for organic products from conventional products. Considering the weight of influence of each analyzed factor and taking in mind that the producers of these products are village dwellers, which improves income distribution & extensional and educational policies on consumption and willingness to pay is recommended which will eventually improve the village dwellers' welfare.