Peggy Keller 1
Peggy S. Keller
Department of Psychology
University of Kentucky
Lexington, KY 40506
Phone: (859) 257-9806
Education:
Ph.D. / 2006 / Developmental PsychologyMinor: Quantitative Methodology / University of Notre Dame
M.A. / 2004 / Developmental Psychology / University of Notre Dame
B.A. / 2000 / Psychology (magna cum laude) / University of Notre Dame
Professional Experience:
2014 - Present / Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Kentucky2008 - 2014 / Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Kentucky.
2006 - 2008 / Post-Doctoral Research Fellow, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Human Sciences, AuburnUniversity.
Honors and Awards:
Selected for the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Young Investigator Forum, 2012Presentation Award, Pediatric Sleep Medicine Conference, 2008
Distinguished Scholar Award, University of Notre Dame, 2006
Presentation Award, Indiana Psychological Association, 2002
Research Support:
2015-2016 / Keller, P. S. (PI) & Schoenberg, N. (Co-I). Improving Health Outcomes in Underserved Populations: The Role of Family Stress. Center for Clinical and Translational Science Small Grant, University of Kentucky. $7,6502015 / Keller, P. S. (PI) & Schoenberg, N. (Co-I). Improving Health Outcomes in Underserved Populations: The Role of Family Stress. Igniting Research Collaborations Pilot Grant, University of Kentucky. $24,680.
2010-2013 / R21HD062833. Keller, P. S. (PI) & El-Sheikh, M. Parental Problem Drinking and Child Sleep: Family and Physiological Mechanisms of Risk (R21). $410,628.
2009-2013 / Keller, P. S. (PI)Effects of Parental Problem Drinking on Child Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity. NIH Loan Repayment Program.
2009-2010 / Keller, P. S. (PI). Marital Aggression and the Development of Problem Drinking: Psychological and Physiological Stress Response as Mechanisms of Risk. $14,945.44. Center for Research on Violence Against Women Mini-Grant Program. Project Mentor: Suzanne Segerstrom.
Peer-Reviewed Publications (N = 38):
Borca, G., Bina, M., Keller, P., Gilbert, L., & Begotti, T. (2015). Internet use and development tasks: adolescents’ point of view. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 49-58.
Gilbert, L. R., Pond, R. S., DeWall, C. N., & Keller, P. S. (2015). Sleep problems exacerbate the emotional consequences of interpersonal rejection. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 34, 50-63.
Keller, P. S., Granger, D. A., Tyler, J., Gilbert, L. R., Haak, E. A., & Bi, S. (2015). Parental problem drinking is associated with children’s adrenocortical reactivity to stress.Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 3145-3153.
Keller, P. S., Smith, O., Gilbert, L. R., Bi, S., Haak, E., & Buckhalt, J. A. (2015). Earlier school start times as a risk factor for poor school performance: an examination of public elementary schools in the Commonwealth of Kentucky.Journal of Educational Psychology, 107, 236-245.
Keller, P. S., Kouros, C. D., Erath, S. A., Dahl, R. E. & El-Sheikh, M. (2014). Longitudinal relations between maternal depressive symptoms and children’s sleep.Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 55, 172-179. Impact Factor = 5.85.
Keller, P. S., Gilbert, L. R., Haak, E., & DeWall, C. N. (2014). Sleep deprivation and dating aggression in female college students: alcohol use, trait aggression, and partner aggression as moderators of associations.Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment, and Trauma, 23, 351-368.
Keller, P. S., Blincoe, S., Gilbert, L. R., DeWall, C. N., Haak, E., & Widiger, T. (2014). Narcissism in romantic relationships: A dyadic perspective.Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 33, 25-50. Impact Factor = 1.356.
Minor, K. I., Wells, J. B., Lambert, E. G., & Keller, P. S. (2014). Increasing morale: Personal and work environment antecedents of job morale among staff in juvenile corrections. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 41, 1308-1326.
Golding, J. M., Hodell, E. C., Dunlap, E. E., Wasarhaley, N. E., & Keller, P. S. (2013). When a son steals money from his mother: Courtroom perceptions of elder financial exploitation.Journal of Elder Abuse and Neglect, 25, 126-148. Role = Statistical Consultant
Kashdan, T. B., DeWall, C. N., Pond, R. S., Lambert, N. M., Fincham, F. D., Silvia, P. J., & Keller, P. S. (2013). Curiosity protects against interpersonal aggression: Cross-sectional, daily process, and behavioral evidence.Journal of Personality, 81, 87-102.
Wasarhaley, N. E., Golding, J. M., Lynch, K. R., & Keller, P. S. (2013). The impact of abuse allegations in perceiving patricide in the courtroom. Psychology, Crime, and Law, 19, 783-799. Role = Statistical Consultant.
Keller, P. S., El-Sheikh, M., Granger, D. A., & Buckhalt, J. A. (2012). Interactions between salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase as predictors of children’s cognitive functioning and academic performance. Physiology & Behavior, 105, 987-995. Impact Factor = 2.891
Keller, P. S., & El-Sheikh, M. (2011). Latent change score modeling of psychophysiological data: An empirical instantiation using electrodermal responding.Psychophysiology, 48, 1578-1587. Impact Factor = 3.263
Keller, P. S., Gilbert, L. N., Koss, K., Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (2011). Parental problem drinking, marital aggression, and child emotional insecurity: A longitudinal investigation. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 72, 711-722. Impact Factor = 2.128
Wood, N. D., Crane, D. R., & Keller, P. S. (2011). Tracking marital adjustment, hostility, and physical functioning across time in a therapy population: A biopsychosocial model. Contemporary Family Therapy, 33, 242-252.
Keller, P. S., & El-Sheikh, M. (2011). Children’s emotional security and sleep: Longitudinal relations and directions of effects. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52, 64-71. Impact Factor = 5.85
Combs, D. J. Y. & Keller, P. S. (2010). Politicians and Trustworthiness: Acting Contrary to Self-Interest Enhances Trustworthiness. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 32, 328-339.Role = statistical consultant.
Keller, P. S., El-Sheikh, M., Vaughn, B. E., & Granger, D. A. (2010). Relations between Mucosal Immunity and Children’s Mental Health: The Role of Child Sex.Physiology & Behavior, 101, 705-712. Impact Factor = 2.891
Buckhalt, J. A., El-Sheikh, M., Keller, P. S., & Kelly, R. J. (2009). Concurrent and longitudinal relationships between children’s sleep and cognitive functioning: The moderating role of parent education. Child Development, 80, 875-892.
El-Sheikh, M., Kouros, C. D., Erath, S. A., Keller, P. S., Cummings, E. M., & Staton, L. (2009). Marital conflict and children’s externalizing behavior: Interactions between parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system activity.Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 74.
Keiley, M., Keller, P.S., & El-Sheikh, M. (2009). Effects of Physical and Verbal Aggression, Depression, and Anxiety on Drinking Behavior of Married Partners: A Prospective and Retrospective Longitudinal Examination. Aggressive Behavior, 35, 296-312.
Keller, P.S., Cummings, E.M., Peterson, K.M., & Davies, P.T. (2009). Marital conflict in the context of parental depressive symptoms: Implications for the development of children’s adjustment problems. Social Development, 18, 536 - 555. Impact Factor = 1.717
Keller, P. S., & El-Sheikh, M. (2009). Salivary alpha-amylase as a longitudinal predictor of children’s externalizing symptoms: Respiratory sinus arrhythmia as a moderator of effects. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 34, 633-643. Impact Factor = 5.168
Keller, P. S., El-Sheikh, M., Keiley, M., & Liao, P. (2009). Longitudinal relations between marital aggression and alcohol problems. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23, 2-13.Impact Factor = 2.101
Klaczynski, P. A., Daniel, D. B., & Keller, P. S. (2009). Appearance idealization, body esteem, causal attributions, and ethnic variations in the development of obesity stereotypes. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30, 537-551.
Cummings, E.M., Schermerhorn, A.C., Keller, P.S., & Davies, P.T. (2008). Parental depressive symptoms, children’s representations of family relationships, and child adjustment. Social Development, 17, 278-305.
Keller, P.S., Cummings, E.M., Davies, P.T., & Mitchell, P.M. (2008). Longitudinal relations between parental drinking problems, family functioning, and child adjustment. Development and Psychopathology,20, 195-212. Impact Factor = 4.95
Keller, P. S., El-Sheikh, M., & Buckhalt, J. A. (2008). Children’s attachment to parents and their academic functioning: Sleep disruptions as moderators of effects. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 29, 441-449. Impact Factor = 2.205
El-Sheikh, M., Buckhalt, J.A., Keller, P.S., & Granger, D.A. (2008). Children’s objective and subjective sleep disruptions: Links with afternoon cortisol levels. Health Psychology, 27, 26-33.
Keller, P.S., Cummings, E.M., Davies, P.T., & Lubke, G. (2007). Children’s behavioral reactions to marital conflict as a function of exposure to parents’ conflict behaviors and alcohol problems. The European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 4, 157-177. Impact Factor = 1.031
Cummings, E.M., El-Sheikh, M., Kouros, C. D., & Keller, P.S. (2007). Children’s sympathetic nervous system arousal as a mechanism of risk in the context of parental depressive symptoms. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 436-445.
El-Sheikh, M., Buckhalt, J.A., Keller, P.S., Cummings, E.M., & Acebo, C. (2007). Child emotional insecurity and academic achievement: The role of sleep disruptions. Journal of Family Psychology, 21, 29-38.
El-Sheikh, M., Erath, S.A., & Keller, P.S. (2007). Children’s sleep and adjustment: The moderating role of vagal regulation. Journal of Sleep Research, 16, 396-405.
El-Sheikh, M., Keller, P.S., & Erath, S.A. (2007). Marital conflict and risk for child maladjustment over time: Skin conductance level reactivity as a vulnerability factor. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 35, 715-727.
Buckhalt, J.A., El-Sheikh, M., & Keller, P.S. (2007). Children’s sleep and cognitive functioning: Race and socioeconomic status as moderators of effects. Child Development, 78, 213-231.
El-Sheikh, M., Buckhalt, J. A., Cummings, E.M., & Keller, P.S. (2007). Sleep disruptions and emotional insecurity are pathways of risk for children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 88-96
Cummings, E.M., Keller, P.S., & Davies, P.T. (2005). Towards a family process model of maternal and paternal depressive symptoms: Exploring multiple relations with child and family functioning. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 479-489.
Keller, P.S., Cummings, E.M., & Davies, P.T. (2005).The role of marital discord and parenting in relations between parental problem drinking and child adjustment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 943-951.Impact Factor = 5.85
Book Chapters:
Keller, P. S., Gilbert, L.R., Haak, E. A., & Bi, S. (2015). Parental alcoholism. In D. Morley, X. Li, & C. Jenkinson (Eds), Children & Young People’s Response to Parental Illness: A Handbook of Assessment & Practice. Forthcoming from Radcliffe Publishing.
Keller, P. S. (2011). Sleep and attachment. In M. El-Sheikh (Ed), Sleep and Development: Familial and Socio-Cultural Influences(pp. 49-78). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Keller, P.S., Cummings, E.M., & El-Sheikh, M. (2009). Hostility and aggression in the marital relationship: Links to children’s cardiovascular reactivity and sensitization. In S. Bhave S. Saini (Eds.),The AHA-Syndrome and Cardiovascular Diseases (pp. 99 – 105). New Delhi, India: I.K. International Publishers.
Keller, P. S., Buckhalt, J. A., El-Sheikh, M. (2008). Links between family functioning and children’s sleep. In A. Ivanenko (Ed.), Sleep and Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents(pp. 49-59).New York, NY: Informa Healthcare.
Cummings, E.M.,Keller, P.S. (2007). How interparental conflict affects children. In S. M. Powell (Ed.).Directions in Mental Health Counseling (pp. 85 – 96). New York: Hatherleigh Press.
Cummings, E.M.,Keller, P.S. (2006). Marital discord and children's emotional self-regulation. In D.K. Snyder, J.A. Simpson, & J.N. Hughes (Eds.),Emotion regulation in couples and families: Pathways to dysfunction and health (pp. 163 – 182). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Mitchell, P., Faircloth, W.B.,Keller, P.S. (2006). Marital conflict and the aftermath of divorce: Prevention programs for children. In J. Borkowski & C. Weaver (Eds.),Prevention: The science and art of promoting healthy child and adolescent development(pp. 241 – 268). Baltimore, MD: Brookes Publishing.
Manuscripts Submitted for Publication:
Bi, S., Haak, E. A., Gilbert, L. R., & Keller, P. S. (2015). Children exposed to marital conflict exhibit more disordered eating behaviors: Child emotional insecurity and anxiety as mechanisms of risk. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Cole, H., Carlson, C., & Keller, P. S. (2016). Factors Influencing the Association between Religiosity and Drinking Behavior in Underage College Students. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Haak, E. A., Elsey, T. L., & Keller, P. S. (2015). Emotional security theory: A meta-analysis. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Haak, E. A., Keller, P. S., & DeWall, N. (2015). Daily variations in attachment anxiety and avoidance: A density distributions approach. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Haak, E. A., Keller, P. S., El-Sheikh, M. (2015). Familial stress and pubertal timing: Emotional security as a mediator of associations. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Keller, P. S., Gilbert, L. R., Haak, E., Bi, S., & Smith, O. (2015). Earlier school start times are associated with behavioral problems in elementary schools. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Professional Presentations:
Bi, S., Gilbert, L. R., Haak, E. A., Suchecki, J., & Keller, P. S. (2015, March). Parental problem drinking and children’s adjustment: Are associations moderated by sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system? Poster presentation at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Philadelphia, PA.
Garcia, C., Haak, E. A., LaPlante, D., & Keller, P. S. (2015, March). Alcohol specific parenting: Development of a parent report measure. Poster presentation at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Philadelphia, PA.
Keller, P. S., Gilbert, L. R., Haak, E. A., Bi, S., & El-Sheikh, M. (2015, March). Parental problem drinking is associated with poorer child sleep independent of family dysfunction. Poster presentation at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Philadelphia, PA.
VanMeter, R. F., Gilbert, L. R., Keller, P. S., Nichols, T. & Suchecki, J. (2015, March). Changes in child maltreatment rates over time: Corresponse with substance use rates and changes in socioeconomic status. Poster presentation at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Philadelphia, PA.
Bi, S., & Keller, P. S. (2014, May). Marital conflict and child emotional eating: Child anxiety as a mediator. Poster presentation at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
Gilbert, L. R., Nichols, T., Sheldon, C., & Keller, P. S. (2014, May). Rejection and hurt feelings: The moderating role of sleep. Poster presentation at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
Haak, E., Sheldon, C., & Keller, P. S. (2014, May). The relationship between children’s depression, anxiety, and parasympathetic functioning. Poster presentation at the annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago, IL.
Bi, S., Haak, E., Perkins, A., & Keller, P. (2014, March). Marital conflict and child emotional eating: Cortisol as a moderator. Poster presentation at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Human Development, Austin, TX.
Gilbert, L. R., Bi, S., Perkins, A., Nichols, T., & Keller, P. S. (2014, March). Mother-child dyadic synchrony in middle childhood: the impact of sleep deprivation. Poster presentation at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Human Development, Austin, TX.
Haak, E., Nichols, T., Smith, O., Gilbert, L. R., & Keller, P. S. (2014, March). The impact of parental depression on children’s pubertal timing. Poster presentation at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Human Development, Austin, TX.
Robbins, H. M., Karpova, P., Wells, J. B., Owen, B., & Keller, P. S. (2013, March). Measuring violence and conflict with the WCCS instrument: Results from the Staff Sexual Misconduct Scale. Paper presentation at the annual Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences meeting, Dallas, TX. Role: statistical consultant.
Wells, J. B., Minor, K. L., Keller, P. S., & Lambert, E. (2013, March). Job turnover among staff in juvenile corections: A multilevel analysis. Paper presentation at the annual Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences meeting, Dallas, TX. Role: statistical consultant.
Wells, J. B., Minor, K. L., Parson, J. S., & Keller, P. S. (2013, March). The effectiveness of web-based and classroom training on performance evaluations among juvenile corrections supervisors. Paper presentation at the annual Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences meeting, Dallas, TX. Role: statistical consultant.
Karpova, P., Robbins, H., Wells, J. B., Owen, B., & Keller, P. S. (2012, November). Predicting inmate economic conflict in female housing units: Individual factors versus social climate factors. Paper presentation at the annual American Society of Criminology meeting, Chicago, IL. Role = statistical consultant.
Minor, K. I., Wells, J. B., Lambert, E., & Keller, P. S. (2012, November). Predicting job morale among staff in juvenile corrections. Paper presentation at the annual American Society of Criminology meeting, Chicago, IL. Role = statistical consultant.
Wells, J. B., Owen, B., Parson, J. S., Innes, C., & Keller, P. S. (2012, November). Exploaratory and confirmatory factor analysis of the Women’s Correctional Safety Scales (WCSS) instrument. Paper presentation at the annual American Society of Criminology meeting, Chicago, IL. Role = statistical consultant.
Keller, P. S., Haak, E., Brown, B., Razor, M. B., & El-Sheikh, M. (2012, June). Five factor model personality and sleep in middle childhood. Poster presentation at the annual Sleep meeting (Sleep 2012), Boston, MA.
Haak, E., Keller, P. S., & DeWall, C. N. (2012, June) Depression, anxiety, and sleep problems: The moderating role of narcissism. Poster presentation at the annual Sleep meeting (Sleep 2012), Boston, MA.
Keller, P. S., Gilbert, L. R., Razor, M. B., & El-Sheikh, M. (2012, June). Parental problem drinking, marital conflict, and child sleep. Poster presentation at the annual Sleep meeting (Sleep 2012), Boston, MA.
Gilbert, L. R., & Keller, P. S. (2012, June). Child sleep, parent sleep, and family context. Poster presentation at the annual Sleep meeting (Sleep 2012), Boston, MA.
Keller, P. S., & Blincoe, S. (2012, February). On the coding of time in longitudinal data analysis: Impact of imposing rectangularity on non-rectangular data. Poster presentation at the Society for Research in Child Development Themed Meeting: Developmental Methodology, Tampa, FL.
Keller, P. S., Blincoe, S., Gilbert, L. R., Haak, E., & El-Sheikh, M. (2011, October). Family stress and the sleep-vigilance antithesis: Explaining associations between child emotional insecurity and sleep disruptions. Poster presentation at the annual meeting of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Amelia Island, FL.
Keller, P. S., Gilbert, L. R., Blincoe, S., Haak, E., & El-Sheikh, M. (2011, October). Parental alcohol use and children’s sleep. Poster presentation at the annual meeting of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Amelia Island, FL.
Gilbert, L. R., Blincoe, S., Keller, P. S., Brandeburg, M., Weeks, D., & El-Sheikh, M. (2011, October). Child sleep: The impact of parent sleep and family context. Poster presentation at the annual meeting of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Amelia Island, FL.
Keller, P. S., Rogers, L. N., Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (2011, April). Effects of interparental attachment on the relation between marital aggression and children’s emotional security. In M. R. W. George & K. J. Koss (Chairs), Security processes in the family: Examining predictors and outcomes of children’s exposure to marital conflict. Symposium conducted at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Montreal, Canada.
Blincoe, S., Keller, P. S., Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (2011, April). Children’s emotional insecurity about the family and trajectories of prosocial behavior during middle childhood. Poster presentation at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Montreal, Canada.
Koss, K. J., Keller, P. S., George, M. R. W., Kuznicki, K. A., Davies, P. T., & Cummings, E. M. (2011, April). Parental alcohol use and adolescent adrenocortical functioning to family stress. Poster presentation at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Montreal, Canada.
Rogers, L. N., Keller, P. S., Koss, K. J., Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (2011, April). Children’s involvement in marital conflict: Interactions between marital conflict and parental problem drinking. Poster presentation at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Montreal, Canada.
Rogers, L. N., Keller, P. S., George, M. R. W., Cummings, E. M., & Davies, P. T. (2011, April). Parents’ security in the interparental relationship and marital aggression: Relations with parenting over time. Poster presentation at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Montreal, Canada.
Keller, P. S., & El-Sheikh, M. (2010, May).Aggressive children exhibit altered electrodermal trajectories in response to stress. Poster presentation at the Association for Psychological Science Annual Convention, Boston, MA.
Keller, P. S., Koss, K., & Cummings, E. M. (2010, April). Discrepancies in problem drinking among romantic partners: Implications for families and children. Poster presentation at the Conference on Human Development, New York, NY.
Buckhalt, J. A., El-Sheikh, M., & Keller, P. S. (2009, October). Sleep and cognitive functioning across two years: A moderating role for parent education. Poster presentation at the 5th Annual Pediatric Sleep Medicine Meeting, Denver, CO.
Kouros, C. D., & Keller, P. S. (2009, April). Dynamic associations between parents’ and children’s Psychopathology. Symposium conducted at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Denver, CO.
Kouros, C. D., Keller, P. S., & Cummings, E. M. (2009, April). Parental depressive symptoms and children’s internalizing problems: A dynamic factor modeling approach. In C. D. Kouros & P. S. Keller (Chairs), Dynamic associations between parents’ and children’s Psychopathology. Symposium conducted at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Denver, CO.
El-Sheikh, M. & Keller, P. S. (2009, April). Children’s sleep:Familial and socio-cultural influences. Symposium conducted at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Denver, CO.
Keller, P. S., & El-Sheikh, M. (2009, April). Bidirectional relations between children’s sleep and emotional security about family relationships. In M. El-Sheikh & P.S. Keller (Chairs), Children’s sleep:Familial and socio-cultural influences. Symposium conducted at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Denver, CO.
El-Sheikh, M., Kouros, C. D., Erath, S. & Keller, P. S. (2009, April). Marital aggression and children’s adjustment: Interactions between parsympathetic and sympathetic nervous system activity. In M.L. Sturge-Apple & P.T. Davies (Chairs), Children’s psychobiological functioning in the context of interpartner violence. Symposium conducted at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Denver, CO.
Keller, P. S., & El-Sheikh, M. (2009, April). Child reactions to inter-adult anger: Relations with couple alcohol consumption, parental problem drinking, and marital conflict. In W. K. K. Lam & W. Fals-Stewart (Chairs), Children’s responses to parental substance abuse and treatment approaches to benefit children in these homes. Symposium conducted at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Denver, CO.