Mr. SIDDESHA B T

1ST YEAR M.Sc. NURSING

CHILD HEALTH NURSING

2011-2013

SHREE SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES AND RESEARCH CENTRE.

B. H.ROAD, TUMKUR- 572102.

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,

KARNATAKA, BANGALORE.

SYNOPSIS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION

1 / NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE CANDIDATE / Mr. SIDDESHA.B.T
1ST YEAR M.Sc. NURSING
SHREE SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES AND RESEARCH CENTRE,B.H.ROAD
TUMKUR-572102
2 / NAME OF THE INSTITUTION / SHREE SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES AND RESEARCH CENTRE,
B.H.ROAD
TUMKUR-572102
3 / COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT / MASTER OF SCIENCE IN NURSING
CHILD HEALTH NURSING
4 / DATE OF ADMISSION TO THE COURSE / 11-07-2011
5 / STATEMENT OF THE STUDY / “A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CHILD RIGHTS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN SELECTED RURAL SCHOOLS AT TUMKUR
DISTRICT WITH A VIEW TO DEVELOP AN INFORMATION BOOKLET.”

6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK:

6.1 INTRODUCTION:

“Let us sacrifice our today so that our children can have a better tomorrow”

-Dr. A.P.J Abdul kalam

A child means every human being below the age of eighteen years. Children’s rights are a concept which is clearly related to the law. The legislation says that all children and young people under 18 years old have the right to “enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health. The providing services should also allow children to have their own views about their health treatment and the services which affect them1.

Children signify eternal optimism in the human being and provide potential for the development. Every nation whether developed or developing links its future with the status of the child. A child of today cannot develop to be a responsible and productive member of tomorrow’s society unless an environment, which is conducive to his social land physical health, is assured to him. Neglecting children means loss to the society as a whole. If the children are deprived of their childhood-socially, economically, physically and mentally the nation gets deprived of the potential human resources for social progress, economic empowerment, peace and order, social stability and good citizenry1.

A child rights approach to improving the situation for children in less developed countries established through recognition. But not necessarily legislation, the needs of the children in health, education and security. The Convention on the Rights of the Child defines basic rights of children covering multiple needs and issue. The following are the few rights. Right to education, Right to expression, Right to information, Right to nutrition, Right to health and care, Right to protection from abuse, Right to protection from exploitation, Right to protection from neglect, Right to development, Right to recreation, Right to name and nationality, Right to survival2.

India has the largest number of children in the world. India’s heritage of a stable family life and traditional joint family system helped children grow into an atmosphere of warmth and affection into a secure future. However, with the changing socio-economic vertices weakening of the institution of joint family and resulting nuclearization of the families children were deprived of that enabling atmosphere and were propelled into an atmosphere where the parental care to the childhood started being shared with the institutions like school2.

Now a daysS there has been a trend towards the nuclearization undermining the emotional, psychological and the social support, which used to go into the child’s upbringing. Besides, in the poorer families the children also started to share the burden of running the households. These children were deprived of both parental and institutional care, even where institutional care was available to the children; it was a very poor substitute to the parental care3.

Children’s and childhood across the world, have broadly been construed in terms of a ‘golden age’ that is synonymous with innocence, freedom, joy, play and the like. It is the time when, spared the rig ours of adult life, one hardly shoulders any kind of responsibility or obligations. But, then, it is also true that children are vulnerable, especially when very young. The fact that children are vulnerable, they need to be cared for and protected from ‘the harshness of the world outside’ and around. This being so, the adult-child relation, parents in particular, is said to provide ‘care and protection’ – serving thereby the ‘best interests of the child’ and meeting their day-to-day ‘needs of survival and development3.

The childhood period, during which children are subject to a set of rules and regulations unique to them, and one that does not apply to members of other social categories. It is indeed a period in a person’s life during which she/he is neither expected nor allowed to fully participate in various domains of social life. It is thus not a world of freedom and opportunity but one of confinement and limitation in which children are ‘wholly subservient and dependent’. This being so, childhood is nothing short of a world of isolation, sadness, exploitation, oppression, cruelty and abuse.

6.2 NEED FOR THE STUDY:

“My Right Is To Have A Pen In My Hand But My Plight…..”

The fact that out of the 300 million children in India, a lot live in an economic and social environment which could impede the child physical and mental development. It is the need of the hour that we all gear up to meet the needs of these children in India today, to enable us to see an enlightened and empowered India tomorrow.

In India, the post-independence era has experienced an explicit expression of the commitment of the government to the cause of children through constitutional provisions, policies, programmes and legislation. In the last decade of this century, dramatic technological developments particularly in the areas of health, nutrition, education and related spheres have opened up new vistas of opportunities for the cause of children4.

The Government, Non Government Organization and others have all come together for the cause, primarily focusing on the unique problems concerning the children in India. They include issues related to children and work, tackling the problem of child labour, elimination of discrimination towards Girl Child, uplifting street children, indentifying the special needs of children with disabilities, and providing education to every child as its Fundamental Right5.

Status of Children in India ; Recent UNICEF report on the state of the world’s children under the title “Childhood Under Threat” , speaking about India, states that millions of Indian children are equally deprived of their rights to survival, health, nutrition, education and safe drinking water. It is reported that 63 per cent of them go to bed hungry and 53 per cent suffer from chronic malnutrition. The report says that 147 million children live in kachha houses, 77 million do not use drinking water from a tap, 85 million are not being immunized, 27 million are severely underweight and 33 million have never been to school. It estimates that 72 million children in India between five and 14 years do not have access to basic education5.

A girl child is the worst victim as she is often neglected and is discriminated against because of the preference for a boy child. You may have heard the famous saying of George Bernard Shaw - “To me the sole hope of human salvation lies in teaching.” As a civilization, we in India have always placed teachers in the highest echelons, next to God.

As you are well aware, children in every society face abuse, violence and exploitation. If you only look around you, you will see it. Little children engaged in labour and deprived of schooling – many of them bonded-parents beating their children, teachers beating children in the classroom or discriminating against them because of their caste or religion, girl children not being allowed to be born or killed soon after birth, or facing discrimination in the family and society because they are girls, early marriage, rape and incest... This is the reality of many children’s lives. Some of them may be in your class or your school6.

On India lies the responsibility of giving as huge number of children, 1/5Th of the world child population a sound present and a secure future. The rights of the child need to be recognized acknowledged and rhetoric of all rights for every child need to translated into the reality. The present study attempts to evaluate the commitment of the country, the programmes and policies on the plane of action6.

In India where the school children form a significant and important segment of the population, the health needs are so great, that a well planned "School Health Programme" is absolutely necessary. Teacher preparation for health education has its rightful place in it.

A descriptive study was conducted on sexual harassment in school which examines the magnitude of sexual harassment and types of behaviors related to sexual harassment that female students are exposed to in a school environment. A random sample of 540 female high school students, from all over Sweden, responded to an anonymous self-report mail questionnaire consisting of items related to personal experiences of different behaviors related to sexual harassment during the previous school year. Sexual harassment was identified by 49% of the female students as a problem present in their schools. Study finally concludes that Female high-school students in Sweden are exposed to a variety of inappropriate behaviors of a sexual nature that may infringe their right to a supportive, respectful and safe learning environment or their dignity. Greater efforts are needed to analyze and prevent sexual harassment in schools7.

The descriptive study assessed the inter-connected factors associated with child abuse. The survey was carried out across 13 states and covered sample size of 12,447 children. It was observed that younger children, 5-12 years of age, reported higher level of abuse. Boys, as compared to girls, were equally at risk of abuse, and persons in trust and authority were major abusers. 70% of the abused child respondents never reported the matter to anyone. It was observed that two out of every three children were physically abused. Out of 69% children who were physically abused in 13 sample states, 54.68% were boys. It was found that over 50% children in all the 13 sample states were being subjected to one on the other form of physical abuse, 88.6% were physically abused by parents, 65% school going children reported facing corporal punishment, and 50.2% children worked 7 days a week. 53.22% children reported that they faced one or more forms of sexual abuse, and 21.9% children reported facing severe forms of sexual abuse8.

Children are one of the most abused and vulnerable group of the society after women. Child sexual abuse, violence against children at home and at work is common. In fact the incidence of child abuse is increasing day by day. Children spend most of their time in a learning environment like school and educational institutions. Teachers who play an important role as facilitators in learning process should take up advocacy for child protection and safeguard child rights.

A teacher plays a crucial role in the life of an individual. Hence In this context awareness about child rights among teachers can play a key role in preventing child abuse. A good teacher occupies a very significant and pious place in the minds of young students. After parents, it is the teacher who influences a child most, and contributes to the shaping of his or her personality.

6.3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

Review of literature is one of the key factors of designing and carrying out research or study in any field. The purpose of review of literature is to discover what already known, what others have attempted to find out and gain insight in to problem. Therefore an intensive review of literature has been done from published and unpublished articles, books, documents and reports.

A descriptive study was conducted on substance abuse. The objective of the study was to assess biosocial profile and habit pattern of substance abusers. The study was conducted on 511 male adolescents, students of 10th to 12th class from the four intermediate schools of the Doiwala block of Dehradun district. 46.9% students accepted substance abuse. In 75.5% cases, friends were providing the substances. 80.2% substance abusers expressed their desire to quit the habit. The study is indicative of need for developing a supportive environment involving both parents and teachers at the school age so that adolescent can decide and sustain with the right choices for healthy life9.

A correlation study was conducted to assess the children's right to education, a major part of the primary education, relating it with the human rights education. The objective of this study is to determine the extent of children's awareness of their rights. This study was planned, aiming at determination of the situation. Tool used is semi structured interview which consists of open ended questions, application consists of minimum two teaching periods. The statistical data obtained were subjected to evaluation on computer environment, correlated with the answers given to open-ended questions, and supported with the information obtained from the semi-structured interviews. The results of this study indicate that children are not aware of their rights in general10.