Name______Period_____
Andrus AP European History Ch 17 Reading Study Guide #1 P. 550-571
1. What is The Enlightenment?
2. How were Newton and Locke forerunners of the (18th Century) Enlightenment?
3. In what ways was Britain tolerant and stable?
4. Describe the “Print Culture”.
5. Name two writers who actually became wealthy due to the print culture. (They were like JRR Tolkien, Stephen King or JK Rowling)
Read “Coffeehouses & Enlightenment” be prepared to discuss in class.
6. What was a philosophe?
7. Name the famous ones.
8. What was the chief bond and common desire of this diverse multi-national group?
Read “Immanuel Kant Defines Enlightenment” MUST READ!!!
9. What authorities should liberated intellect question?
10. Why does he believe intellectual liberation requires effort?
11. Why does Kant link enlightenment with freedom?
12. Who was the leading figure of the French Enlightenment? What was his penname?
13. What is his best-known work?
14. Who said “Crush the infamous thing”? What was he talking about?
15. What was the attitude toward organized religion among Enlightenment thinkers?
16. Describe deism, its two main points and its relationship to institutional religion.
17. According to Hume what is the most miraculous thing about miracles?
18. Which two Jewish writers are identified with The Enlightenment?
19. How did Spinoza encourage Jews and Christians alike to read the Bible?
20. What were the two divergent opinions of Islam among Enlightenment thinkers?
21. Who created the Encyclopedia? What was it?
22. How did social science as an idea get its start in The Enlightenment?
23. What did the physiocrats believe?
24. What was the main thesis of Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations (1776)?
25. How did the four-stage theory of societal development (held by Scottish Enlightenment writers including Smith and Hume) justify European arrogance?
26. What was Montesquieu’s most influential idea?
27. What is Rousseau’s best known work (1762)?
28. What is the basic premise of the work?
29. Rousseau believed that the ______… must always be right and to obey
the ______was to be ______. (Even if you had to be forced into it)
30. Which enlightenment thinkers condemned the institution of slavery European domination abroad?
31. How did Herder espouse “cultural relativism”?
Read “Denis Diderot Condemns European Empires”
32. How does Diderot argue that Europeans have behaved tyrannically?
33. How does he portray the behavior of European in foreign areas?
Read “Art & the West” and the analysis of the painting.
6. What are your opinions/conclusions regarding the painting?
13. Writers of the Enlightenment were compared with “orators of (ancient) ______and ______.”
Read “The Encyclopedia Praises Mechanical Arts and Artisans”
16. According to D’Alembert whish is more useful liberal arts or mechanical arts?
17. How did he and his fellow Encyclopedia authors learn about the mechanical arts?
Read “Voltaire Attacks Religious Fanaticism”
19. What is ‘the most detestable example of fanaticism’?
20. What is Voltaire’s attitude toward religious zealots/fanatics?
21. Why does he deem the teachings of Confucius better than Western Christianity?
Read “Monesquieu Defends the Separation of Powers”
30. Why can liberty only (possibly) be found in ‘moderate governments’?
31. What are the three types of governmental power?
32. Why separate them?
36. Why did Rousseau favor abolishing all religions and replacing them with state-decreed universal mandatory deism?