Semester Exam Study Guide Part 1 Review of Units 1 – 3

Unit 1 Study Guide: The Tools Historians Use

What is history?

What are the major events that different religions base their calendars on?

What does the word “circa” mean?

What dates would be preceded by the word circa?

What years are included in prehistory? When did prehistory end?

What years are included in ancient history? What are the beginning and ending events of ancient history?

What years are included in medieval history?

When does modern history begin?

What are primary sources? What are examples of primary sources?

What are secondary sources? What are examples of secondary sources?

Be able to

explain how/why historians use artifacts and inferences to study history

use the accurate terminology of time lines in order to explain historical events

be able to use a timeline to answer questions about historical events

explain the advantages and disadvantages of both primary sources & secondary sources

Know the meaning of all the following 21 vocabulary words.

Unit 1 Vocabulary - - practice matching exercise

__1.1 frame of referenceA. the chronicle of people and past events

__2.interpretation B. an educated guess

__3.inferenceC. thetime before people developed writing

__4.historyD. based on our experiences, it is the way we look at the world

__5.prehistoryE. statement of meaning based on facts, prior knowledge, judgment

______

__6. chronicleA. Before Christ

__7. chronologyB. Anno Domini – in the year of our Lord

__8. chronologicalC. Before the Common Era

__9 . B.C. D. awritten record of events in the order in which they happened (noun)

__10. B.C.E. E. arranged in the order of time (adjective)

__11. A.D.F. the arrangement of events, dates in the order of their occurrence (a noun)

______12. decade A. an object made or used by humans in the past, such as pottery

__13. centuryB. information from people who saw or were part of an event or time period

__14.eraC. the period of ten years

__15.primary sourceD. the period of a hundred years

__16.artifactE. a large period of time

______

__17.secondary source A. favoring one side

__18.credibilityB. a source of information created after an event or time period

__19.biasC. your stand on an issue or your opinion

__20.point of view D. truthfulness

__21. MillenniumE. period of a thousand years

Unit 2 Study Guide – Early Humans and the Neolithic Revolution

Text Book pages 8 - 15

Study Packet:

Chart on the changes in human beings

Guided Readings 1 - 4

Vocabulary Pages

1. How do we know about people and events from prehistoric times, if they could not write down their history? ______

2. Why is the Stone Age called the Stone Age? ______

______

3. What does Paleolithic mean? ______

4. How did early humans get their food during the Paleolithic Period?

______

5. Why didn’t early humans settle down and live in one place?

______

6. What kinds of shelter did early humans use as they adapted to their environment?

______

7. How did the ability to control fire improve the lives of early humans? Give at least 4 examples. ______

______

8. During the Ice Ages, did ice cover all the continents? ______

9. What adaptations did early humans make to adapt and survive during the ice Ages? Give at least three examples. ______
______

10. Historians believe language, religion, and art were developed by early humans during the Old Stone Age. These are all elements of ______

11. During the Old Stone Age, which developed? – spoken or written language? ______

12. What type of Paleolithic art has been discovered? Describe what is shown in this artwork ______

13. What kind of stone was especially good for making tools with sharp edges? ______

14. The word Neolithic means ______

15. When did this period occur? ______

16. What happened during the Neolithic Revolution? ______

______

17. Give two other names for the Neolithic Revolution. ______

______

18. Why do historians call this period a revolution? ______

______

19. Give some examples of plants that became crops – plants that were domesticated.

______

20. What products (goods) and services did domesticated animals provide? ______

______

21. Why did the Neolithic Revolution lead to the development of villages and towns?

______

22. Explain how farming surpluses lead to specialization. ______
______

23. What did farmers do with the surplus food they produced? ______

______

24. There were many big changes; describe the changes in Neolithic culture in

a. Shelters/housing

b. Art

c. Religion

d. jobs (economy)

e. Technology

d. clothing

25. How is bronze made? ______

26. Why was this period between 3000 B.C. and 1200 B.C. called the Bronze age.

Unit 2 vocabulary

archaeology

anthropology

migration

nomads/nomadic

Ice Age

Paleolithic

Neolithic

revolution

technology

adapt

domesticate

culture

harvest

surplus

specialization

stone age

pottery

environment

fossil

cultural universals: shelter

clothing

family and society

economy

government

religion

art

Unit 3 Study Guide - Mesopotamia

Be able to locate on a map – identify – explain the following:

Fertile Crescent

Mesopotamia

Sumer

Babylon

Ur

Asia Minor

Arabia

Persian Gulf

Tigris River

Euphrates River

Mediterranean Sea

Identify, explain

  • cultural universals
  • characteristics of civilization
  • how neolithic farmers adapted to their environment and
  • how city-states emerged
  • characteristics of city-states
  • characteristics of cuneiform
  • Babylonian values that were reflected in Hammurabi’s legal code
  • how the Sumerian civilization reflects the culture universals and the characteristics of a civilization
  • the Sumerian achievements

Unit 3 - Vocabulary Definitions : Match the definition to the words listed below

  1. artisanA. a complex society
  2. ChaldeansB. the first type of writing
  3. city stateC. a skilled worker
  4. civilizationD. one of the conquering groups
  5. cuneiformE. independent state made up of city and surrounding
    fields

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  1. dominateA. geographical region that is excellent for farming
  2. empireB. a long story or poem about a hero’s adventures
  3. epicC. mathematical study of lines, shapes, angles
  4. Fertile CrescentD. to be stronger, taller, larger
  5. geometryE. many different lands under one ruler

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  1. HammurabiA. system used to get water to crops
  2. hereditaryB. type of position inherited from the father or mother
  3. hierarchyC. object or idea passed down to future generations
  4. irrigationD. known for developing a system of laws
  5. legacyE. Arrangement of people according to wealth or

authority

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  1. Legal codeA. a holy place for worship
  2. MerchantB. record keeper; a person who can read and write
  3. PlowC. an organized collection of laws
  4. ShrineD. a trader who buys and sells things for a profit
  5. ScribeE. a tool used for breaking up the soil

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  1. Social classesA. a large temple with steps leading to a holy place
  2. Specialization of laborB. weak
  3. TiersC. people with different amounts of power and wealth
  4. VulnerableD. steps or layers, one on top of another
  5. ZigguratE. different people doing different jobs