Example of using references:
To insert a reference use the command Insert, Reference, Footnote and you will get the following menu shown in Figure 1. Note that you have selected end notes and Arabic numbers for the Number format.
Below is an example of using references and referring or cross referencing a reference.
To insert a cross reference choose the Insert, Reference, Cross-reference command as shown in Figure 2. Choose as your reference type Endnote and only insert the endnote number. You will need to make this cross-reference into a superscript number.
Below is an example of the use of references:
A large number of the examples described within the text center on decreasing the amount of water used within a process. For example, methods can be employed to minimize water brought into the plant by reusing process water streams from internal unit operations. Allen and Rosselot[1] give an excellent example originally reported by Griffin[2] of the impact of using water in a refinery. As process water is used in the refinery, losses occur in the production of steam, evaporation in the cooling tower, and miscellaneous valves and fittings. In evaporation and boiling the impurities in the process water are concentrated leading to problems with process equipment.
The new text by Mulholland and Dyer[3] gives examples in which pollution prevention not only allows the company to comply with regulations, but it is also financially responsible.[4] Both of these authors are from DuPont’s waste reduction team and provide a practical guide for practicing pollution prevention in the chemical process industries. The authors use the classic unit operations approach and show how chemical engineering principles can be used to implement pollution prevention strategies. These authors utilize a problem solving strategy similar to that given by Fogler and LeBlanc[5]. The authors start by defining the process variables and constraints, brainstorm to develop numerous options, search the literature and examine case studies from other industries, and finally decide on a economically viable solution, implement it into the facility, and evaluate the effectiveness.
Pollution prevention educators also mention other books that can be used in a course that are similar to the of Allen and Rosselot1. (Notice that this is an example of a cross-reference) For example, Freeman[6] has produced a handbook referenced by many pollution prevention educators. Other general texts include those by Rossiter[7] and Theodore[8], and a new text that is being completed by Paul Bishop at University of Cincinnati. For those courses with an emphasis on mass integration, the text by El-Halwagi[9] is available.
1
[1] Allen, David T., and Kirsten Sinclair Rosselot, Pollution Prevention for Chemical Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1997) ISBN 0-471-11587-8.
[2] Griffin, D. G., “Feed Water pretreatment to Reduce Process Wastewater,” ENV-94-160, National Petroleum Refining Association, Washington, DC., (1994).
[3] Mulholland, K. L., and J. A. Dyer, Pollution Prevention: Methodologies, Technologies, and Practices, AIChE Press: ISBN 0-8169-0782-X
[4] Cooper, C. “Voluntary ‘Green’ Efforts Pay Off,” Chemical Engineering, 105(3) 60 (1998).
[5] Fogler, H. S., S. E. LeBlanc, Strategies for Creative Problem Solving, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1995.
[6] Freeman, H. M., Industrial Pollution Prevention Handbook, McGraw Hill, Inc., New York, NY (1995).
[7] Rossiter, Alan P., Waste Minimization through Process Design, McGraw Hill, New York (1995).
[8] Theodore, Louis, and Young C. McGuinn. Pollution Prevention. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1992.
[9] El-Halwagi, M.M. Pollution Prevention through Process Integration, Academic Press, New York, (1997).