APS MIDTERM REVIEW QUESTIONS
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____1.The main branches of natural science are
a. / physics and chemistry. / c. / medicine and agriculture.b. / biology, zoology, and ecology. / d. / life, physical, and earth science.
____2.A series of logical steps that is followed in order to solve a problem is called the
a. / experimental process. / c. / scientific method.b. / scientific theory. / d. / model method.
____3.The first step in the scientific method is usually
a. / making an observation. / c. / collecting data.b. / forming a hypothesis. / d. / testing a hypothesis.
____4.Scientists test a hypothesis by
a. / formulating questions. / c. / doing experiments.b. / designing models. / d. / drawing conclusions.
____5.What does it mean to say that “no experiment is a failure”?
a. / All experiments are observations of real events.b. / All experiments yield the desired results.
c. / All experiments give scientists work to do.
d. / All experiments involve manipulating variables.
____6.Which question cannot be answered by an experiment?
a. / Does penicillin kill Salmonella bacteria?b. / Is rabies caused by a virus?
c. / Did a comet impact kill the dinosaurs?
d. / Can radiation cause cancer?
____7.The SI unit for measuring temperature is the
a. / degree. / c. / mole.b. / kelvin. / d. / ampere.
____8.Which SI prefix means one million?
a. / kilo- / c. / giga-b. / mega- / d. / milli-
____9.Which SI prefix means one one-hundredth ()?
a. / nano- / c. / milli-b. / micro- / d. / centi-
____10.Maria is 123 centimeters tall. Her height in meters is
a. / 0123 m. / c. / 1.23 m.b. / 0.123 m. / d. / 12.3 m.
____11.A loaf of bread weighs 1362 g. The weight in kilograms is
a. / 1.362 kg. / c. / 01362 kg.b. / 1362 kg. / d. / 001362 kg.
____12.At which time of day was the temperature approximately 5°C?
a. / 9:00 A.M. / c. / 11:00 A.M.b. / 10:00 A.M. / d. / 12:00 P.M.
____13.At which two times of day was the temperature the same?
a. / 7:00 A.M. and 7:00 P.M. / c. / 10:00 A.M. and 7:00 P.M.b. / 7:00 A.M. and 10:00 P.M. / d. / 10:00 A.M. and 10:00 P.M.
____14.The sample contained the same number of pennies for which two years?
a. / 1988 and 1992 / c. / 1994 and 1997b. / 1988 and 1991 / d. / 1994 and 1998
____15.For which year was the smallest number of pennies found?
a. / 1988 / c. / 1990b. / 1989 / d. / 1991
____16.The decimal equivalent of 102 is
a. / 100. / c. / 0.1.b. / 10. / d. / 0.01.
____17.What is 78,900,000,000 expressed in scientific notation?
a. / 789 109 / c. / 7.89 1010b. / 7.89 109 / d. / 7.89 1011
____18.The speed of light is approximately 3 108 m/s. How would this be written in conventional notation?
a. / 300,000 / c. / 30,000,000b. / 3,000,000 / d. / 300,000,000
____19.You are asked to find the area of a room that is 4.56 m long and 5.668 m wide. How many significant figures should you show in your answer?
a. / 3 / c. / 6b. / 5 / d. / 7
____20.You are asked to find the volume of a cube that is 2.5 cm high, 2.65 cm wide, and 3.456 cm long. How many significant figures should you show in your answer?
a. / 1 / c. / 3b. / 2 / d. / 4
____21.What is the area of a room that is 4 102 cm long and 2 103 cm wide?
a. / 6 103 cm2 / c. / 8 105 cm2b. / 8 103 cm2 / d. / 8 107 cm2
____22.A precise measurement is one that
a. / contains the correct number of significant figures.b. / contains at least three significant figures.
c. / is close to the true value.
d. / is as exact as possible.
____23.A measurement that is accurate is one that
a. / is as exact as possible. / c. / contains at least four significant figures.b. / is close to the true value. / d. / contains five decimal places.
____24.Matter is defined as anything that
a. / can be seen and touched. / c. / can be weighed.b. / has mass and takes up space. / d. / contains kinetic or potential energy.
____25.The science of what matter is made of and how it changes is called
a. / chemistry. / c. / kinetics.b. / physics. / d. / engineering.
____26.A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances is
a. / a compound. / c. / an element.b. / a mixture. / d. / an atom.
____27.The smallest unit of a substance that behaves like the substance is
a. / an element. / c. / a molecule.b. / an atom. / d. / a compound.
____28.A molecule of water (H2O) is made from _____ combining two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
a. / physically / c. / thermallyb. / ionically / d. / chemically
____29.You put 1 gram of salt into 1 liter of water and stir. The resulting liquid is an example of
a. / a pure substance. / c. / a homogeneous mixture.b. / a heterogeneous mixture. / d. / an immiscible mixture.
____30.The chemical symbol for sulfuric acid is H2SO4. How many atoms are contained in each molecule of sulfuric acid?
a. / 3 / c. / 6b. / 5 / d. / 7
____31.How many oxygen atoms are in one molecule of table sugar (C12H22O11)?
a. / 2 / c. / 12b. / 11 / d. / 22
____32.A material that can be represented by a chemical formula is
a. / an element. / c. / a homogeneous solution.b. / a mixture. / d. / a pure substance.
____33.The chemical formula for water, H2O, means that each water molecule contains
a. / two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms.b. / two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
c. / two hydrogen atoms and zero oxygen atoms.
d. / one hydrogen atom and two oxygen atoms.
____34.Which of the following is an example of a gas-liquid mixture?
a. / the air we breathe / c. / a helium balloonb. / a carbonated drink / d. / ice cubes
____35.Knowing the chemical properties of a substance will tell you how the substance
a. / looks. / c. / can be broken down into atoms.b. / smells. / d. / reacts with other substances.
____36.Which state of matter will hold its shape without a container?
a. / solid / c. / gasb. / liquid / d. / plasma
____37.A liquid changes rapidly into a gas at the liquid’s
a. / boiling point. / c. / melting point.b. / freezing point. / d. / condensation point.
____38.A physical property of gold is its
a. / density. / c. / non-flammability.b. / reactivity with powerful acids. / d. / None of the above
____39.Which of the following is not an example of a physical property?
a. / freezing point / c. / reactivityb. / boiling point / d. / density
____40.Lead has a density of 11.3 g/cm3 and a mass of 282.5 g. What is its volume?
a. / 2.5 cm3 / c. / 250 cm3b. / 25 cm3 / d. / 2500 cm3
____41.A substance has a mass of 360 g and a volume of 7.5 cm3. What is its density?
a. / 2700 g/cm3 / c. / 480 g/cm3b. / 270 g/cm3 / d. / 48 g/cm3
____42.Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
a. / dissolving salt in water / c. / cooking an eggb. / burning wood into charcoal / d. / rusting iron
____43.Grinding quartz crystals down to produce sand is an example of a
a. / change of state. / c. / chemical reaction.b. / chemical change. / d. / physical change.
____44.Digesting food is an example of
a. / physical change. / c. / chemical change.b. / change of state. / d. / buoyancy.
____45.Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?
a. / ice melting / c. / pounding gold into a coinb. / paint fading / d. / a puddle of water evaporating
____46.Which of the following is not a potential sign of chemical change?
a. / release of gas / c. / change of colorb. / evaporation of water / d. / production of gas
____47.Temperature is a measure of the average _____ energy of the particles in the object.
a. / thermal / c. / potentialb. / kinetic / d. / chemical
____48.The process of a liquid becoming a gas is called
a. / sublimation. / c. / evaporation.b. / condensation. / d. / freezing.
____49.The process of a liquid becoming a solid is called
a. / condensation. / c. / evaporation.b. / freezing. / d. / melting.
____50.Which state of matter has a definite volume, but not shape?
a. / plasma / c. / liquidb. / gas / d. / solid
____51.The heavier a particle, the _____ it moves.
a. / slower / c. / lessb. / faster / d. / more
____52.What determines the speed of the atoms and molecules of a particular substance?
a. / size of the atoms and molecules / c. / Both (a) and (b)b. / temperature of the substance / d. / None of the above
____53.Archimedes’ principle states that the buoyant force on a(n) _____ is equal to the weight of the displaced volume of fluid.
a. / object in the fluid / c. / fluid mixing with another liquidb. / object floating on the fluid / d. / substance dissolving into the fluid
____54.When ice melts to form water, energy
a. / is created. / c. / is released.b. / is destroyed. / d. / is absorbed.
____55.The resistance of a fluid to flow is referred to as
a. / pressure. / c. / viscosity.b. / energy. / d. / shape.
____56.Which state of matter will hold its shape without a container?
a. / solid / c. / gasb. / liquid / d. / plasma
____57.The change of a substance from a solid directly to a gas is called
a. / condensation. / c. / melting.b. / evaporation. / d. / sublimation.
____58.Evaporation refers to the change of state from a
a. / liquid to a gas. / c. / solid to a liquid.b. / gas to a liquid. / d. / liquid to a solid.
____59.Ice floats in water because it is
a. / more dense than water. / c. / colder than water.b. / less dense than water. / d. / warmer than water.
____60.Boyle’s law relates the pressure of a gas to its
a. / container. / c. / molecular composition.b. / volume. / d. / temperature.
____61.When a fixed sample of gas increases in volume, it must also
a. / decrease in pressure. / c. / Either (a) or (b)b. / increase in temperature. / d. / Both (a) and (b)
____62.Charles’s law relates the volume of a gas to its
a. / container. / c. / molecular composition.b. / pressure. / d. / temperature.
____63.Buoyant force is the _____ force exerted on an object immersed or floating on a liquid.
a. / lateral / c. / downwardb. / upward / d. / tensile
____64.As the temperature of a fixed amount of gas at constant volume decreases, its pressure
a. / decreases. / c. / increases.b. / stays the same. / d. / None of the above
____65.As the volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature decreases, its pressure
a. / decreases. / c. / increases.b. / stays the same. / d. / Insufficent data to answer question
____66.Dalton’s atomic theory stated that every element was made of atoms that could not be subdivided, atoms of the same element are alike, and
a. / atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.b. / the nucleus is the center of the atom.
c. / atoms can join to form molecules.
d. / atoms are constantly in motion.
____67.Dalton’s atomic theory was accepted because
a. / there was evidence to support it.b. / Democritus said that it was correct.
c. / Dalton invented the electron microscope.
d. / Dalton showed how molecules are formed.
____68.Which statement is true according to Dalton’s theory?
a. / Atoms of different elements can join to form larger atoms.b. / Atoms can be subdivided into smaller particles.
c. / Atoms of the same element differ in electric charge.
d. / Atoms of the same element are exactly alike.
____69.Which statement about the atomic nucleus is correct?
a. / The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons and has a negative charge.b. / The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons and has a positive charge.
c. / The nucleus is made of electrons and has a positive charge.
d. / The nucleus is made of electrons and has a negative charge.
____70.The charge of an electron is
a. / 2. / c. / 0.b. / 1. / d. / +1.
____71.Atoms have no electric charge because they
a. / have an equal number of charged and noncharged particles.b. / have neutrons in their nuclei.
c. / have an equal number of electrons and protons.
d. / have an equal number of neutrons and protons.
____72.According to Bohr’s model of the atom, electrons behave like
a. / planets orbiting the sun. / c. / light energy in a vacuum.b. / waves on a vibrating string. / d. / planets rotating on their axes.
____73.According to Bohr’s theory, an electron’s path around the nucleus defines its
a. / electric charge. / c. / energy level.b. / atomic mass. / d. / speed.
____74.The order of elements in the periodic table is based on
a. / the number of protons in the nucleus. / c. / the number of neutrons in the nucleus.b. / the electric charge of the nucleus. / d. / atomic mass.
____75.Atoms of elements that are in the same group have the same number of
a. / protons. / c. / valence electrons.b. / neutrons. / d. / protons and neutrons.
____76.Valence electrons determine an atom’s
a. / mass. / c. / electric charge.b. / chemical properties. / d. / period.
____77.Ionization refers to the process of
a. / changing from one period to another. / c. / turning lithium into fluorine.b. / losing or gaining protons. / d. / losing or gaining electrons.
____78.A lithium ion is much less reactive than a lithium atom because it
a. / is much more massive.b. / has a full outermost energy level.
c. / has a negative electric charge.
d. / is in a different group in the periodic table.
____79.Oxygen’s atomic number is 8. This means that an oxygen atom has
a. / eight neutrons in its nucleus. / c. / eight protons in its nucleus.b. / a total of eight protons and neutrons. / d. / a total of eight neutrons and electrons.
____80.An atom’s mass number equals the number of
a. / protons plus the number of electrons. / c. / protons.b. / protons plus the number of neutrons. / d. / neutrons.
____81.Which statement about an element’s average atomic mass is correct?
a. / It is determined by counting the number of isotopes in a sample of the element.b. / It is equal to one-twelfth the mass of the most common isotope.
c. / It is a weighted average, so common isotopes have a greater effect than uncommon ones.
d. / It is based on an isotope’s charge, so negatively charged isotopes have a greater effect than positive ones.
____82.An atomic mass unit is equal to
a. / one-half the mass of a hydrogen atom.b. / one-fourth the mass of a lithium atom.
c. / one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
d. / one-fifteenth the mass of a nitrogen-15 atom.
____83.Which statement about the alkali metals is correct?
a. / They are located in the left-most column of the periodic table.b. / They are extremely nonreactive.
c. / They are usually gases.
d. / They form negative ions with a 1- charge.
____84.Which of the following elements is an alkali metal?
a. / calcium / c. / mercuryb. / magnesium / d. / sodium
____85.Which statement about noble gases is correct?
a. / They form compounds with very bright colors.b. / They exist as single atoms rather than as molecules.
c. / They are highly reactive with both metals and nonmetals.
d. / They are extremely rare in nature.
____86.Most halogens form compounds by
a. / gaining an electron to form a negative ion.b. / losing an electron to form a positive ion.
c. / losing protons.
d. / joining with both calcium and carbon.
____87.Group 18 noble gases are inert because
a. / they readily form positive ions.b. / they can have either a positive or a negative charge.
c. / their outermost energy level is missing one electron.
d. / their outermost energy level is full.
____88.Carbon and other nonmetals are found in which area of the periodic table?
a. / on the left-most sideb. / on the right side
c. / in the middle column of the periodic table
d. / in the bottom rows
____89.Transition metals such as copper or tungsten form compounds by
a. / gaining electrons to form negative ions.b. / losing electrons to form positive ions.
c. / losing neutrons.
d. / changing shape and color at various temperatures.
____90.A mole is an SI base unit that describes the
a. / mass of a substance. / c. / volume of a substance.b. / amount of a substance. / d. / electric charge of a substance.
____91.If the atomic mass of carbon is 12 amu, 1 mole of pure carbon will have a mass of
a. / 6 g. / c. / 12 g.b. / 6 mol. / d. / 12 mol.
____92.Avogadro’s constant is defined as the number of particles in
a. / one mole of a pure substance. / c. / one gram of a pure substance.b. / one liter of a pure substance. / d. / one kilogram of a pure substance.
____93.Molar mass is defined as
a. / the number of particles in 1 mole of a substance.b. / the SI base unit that describes the amount of a substance.
c. / the amount of a substance necessary to have a positive charge.
d. / the mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance.
____94.The average atomic mass of potassium is approximately 39 amu. What is the mass of 2.0 mol of potassium?
a. / 0.39 g / c. / 39 gb. / 0.78 g / d. / 78 g
____95.The average atomic mass of the element cesium is approximately 133 amu. What is the mass of 3.00 mol of cesium?
a. / 0.133 g / c. / 266 gb. / 133 g / d. / 399 g
____96.You have 6.50 mol of chromium, which has a molar mass of approximately 52 g/mol. What is the mass in grams of this amount of chromium?
a. / 3.38 g / c. / 338 gb. / 33.8 g / d. / 3.38 kg
____97.What is the mass in grams of 0.75 mol of sulfur, which has a molar mass of approximately 32 g/mol?
a. / 16 g / c. / 32 gb. / 24 g / d. / 240 g
____98.You have 85.5 g of fluorine, which has a molar mass of approximately 19 g/mol. How many moles of fluorine do you have?
a. / 4.5 mol / c. / 45 molb. / 19 mol / d. / 85 mol
____99.A mixture is different from a compound because each substance in a mixture
a. / retains its own properties. / c. / forms an ion.b. / changes its electric charge. / d. / changes from a solid to a liquid.
____100.Each molecule of hydrochloric acid, HCl, contains one atom of hydrogen and
a. / one atom of chlorine. / c. / two atoms of chlorine.b. / one atom of oxygen. / d. / two atoms of oxygen.
____101.Each molecule of table sugar, C12H22O11, contains
a. / 0 atoms of carbon. / c. / 6 atoms of carbon.b. / 1 atom of carbon. / d. / 12 atoms of carbon.
____102.Often atoms join so that each atom will have
a. / an even number of electrons.b. / an outermost energy level that is full of electrons.
c. / an equal number of protons and electrons.
d. / more electrons than either protons or neutrons.
____103.When two hydrogen atoms bond, the positive nucleus of one atom attracts the
a. / negative nucleus of the other atom. / c. / negative electron of the other atom.b. / positive electron of the other atom. / d. / positive nucleus of the other atom.
____104.An ionic bond is a bond that forms between
a. / ions with opposite charges.b. / atoms with neutral charges.
c. / one atom’s nucleus and another atom’s electrons.
d. / the electrons of two different atoms.
____105.Covalent bonds are formed between
a. / ions. / c. / nonmetal atoms.b. / metal atoms. / d. / compounds.
____106.In which type of bond do atoms share electrons?
a. / covalent bonds / c. / ionic bondsb. / metallic bonds / d. / polyatomic bonds
____107.The name dinitrogen tetroxide tells you that this compound contains
a. / two nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms.b. / four nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms.
c. / two nitrogen atoms and four oxygen atoms.
d. / four nitrogen atoms and four oxygen atoms.
____108.Fe2O3 is named iron (III) oxide because it contains
a. / three oxygen atoms. / c. / three iron atoms.b. / Fe3+ ions. / d. / O3+ ions.
____109.When copper combines with oxygen to form copper (II) oxide, the charge of the copper ion is
a. / Cu1+. / c. / Cu3+.b. / Cu2+. / d. / Cu4+.
____110.When nickel combines with fluorine to form nickel (III) fluoride, the charge of the nickel ion is
a. / Ni1+. / c. / Ni3+.b. / Ni2+. / d. / Ni4+.
____111.The name for the compound with the formula CuBr2 would be written as
a. / copper(II) bromide. / c. / copper bromine.b. / copper(I) bromide. / d. / copper(III) bromide.
____112.The name for the compound with the formula Cr2O3 would be written as
a. / chromium(I) oxide. / c. / chromium oxygen.b. / chromium(II) oxide. / d. / chromium(III) oxide.
____113.A change in the color of a solution is a sign that
a. / a chemical change is taking place. / c. / oxygen is present.b. / a physical change has just occurred. / d. / organic chemicals are present.
____114.A substance that undergoes a change in a chemical reaction is
a. / a product. / c. / a reactant.b. / a chemical. / d. / an enzyme.
____115.What happens in a chemical reaction?
a. / Atoms are destroyed. / c. / Molecules are created.b. / Atoms are created. / d. / Atoms are rearranged.
____116.In an exothermic reaction, energy is transferred from
a. / the reactants to the surroundings. / c. / one reactant to another.b. / the surroundings to the reactants. / d. / the container to the chemicals.
____117.A synthesis reaction is a reaction between at least two compounds in which
a. / one breaks down into at least two products.b. / a compound is decomposed by an electric current.
c. / a compound burns in the presence of oxygen.
d. / a new, more complex compound is formed.
____118.The product of the synthesis reaction between sodium and chlorine gas is
a. / polyethylene. / c. / sodium chloride.b. / carbon dioxide. / d. / copper (II) chloride.
____119.When methane reacts with abundant amounts of oxygen, the products are
a. / carbon dioxide and water. / c. / soot and water.b. / carbon monoxide and water. / d. / simple sugar and oxygen.
____120.When water is broken down by electrolysis, the products are
a. / water and carbon dioxide. / c. / hydrogen gas and oxygen gas.b. / hydrogen and oxygen ions. / d. / oxygen and methane.
APS MIDTERM REVIEW QUESTIONS
Answer Section
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