APS MIDTERM REVIEW QUESTIONS

Multiple Choice

Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____1.The main branches of natural science are

a. / physics and chemistry. / c. / medicine and agriculture.
b. / biology, zoology, and ecology. / d. / life, physical, and earth science.

____2.A series of logical steps that is followed in order to solve a problem is called the

a. / experimental process. / c. / scientific method.
b. / scientific theory. / d. / model method.

____3.The first step in the scientific method is usually

a. / making an observation. / c. / collecting data.
b. / forming a hypothesis. / d. / testing a hypothesis.

____4.Scientists test a hypothesis by

a. / formulating questions. / c. / doing experiments.
b. / designing models. / d. / drawing conclusions.

____5.What does it mean to say that “no experiment is a failure”?

a. / All experiments are observations of real events.
b. / All experiments yield the desired results.
c. / All experiments give scientists work to do.
d. / All experiments involve manipulating variables.

____6.Which question cannot be answered by an experiment?

a. / Does penicillin kill Salmonella bacteria?
b. / Is rabies caused by a virus?
c. / Did a comet impact kill the dinosaurs?
d. / Can radiation cause cancer?

____7.The SI unit for measuring temperature is the

a. / degree. / c. / mole.
b. / kelvin. / d. / ampere.

____8.Which SI prefix means one million?

a. / kilo- / c. / giga-
b. / mega- / d. / milli-

____9.Which SI prefix means one one-hundredth ()?

a. / nano- / c. / milli-
b. / micro- / d. / centi-

____10.Maria is 123 centimeters tall. Her height in meters is

a. / 0123 m. / c. / 1.23 m.
b. / 0.123 m. / d. / 12.3 m.

____11.A loaf of bread weighs 1362 g. The weight in kilograms is

a. / 1.362 kg. / c. / 01362 kg.
b. / 1362 kg. / d. / 001362 kg.

____12.At which time of day was the temperature approximately 5°C?

a. / 9:00 A.M. / c. / 11:00 A.M.
b. / 10:00 A.M. / d. / 12:00 P.M.

____13.At which two times of day was the temperature the same?

a. / 7:00 A.M. and 7:00 P.M. / c. / 10:00 A.M. and 7:00 P.M.
b. / 7:00 A.M. and 10:00 P.M. / d. / 10:00 A.M. and 10:00 P.M.

____14.The sample contained the same number of pennies for which two years?

a. / 1988 and 1992 / c. / 1994 and 1997
b. / 1988 and 1991 / d. / 1994 and 1998

____15.For which year was the smallest number of pennies found?

a. / 1988 / c. / 1990
b. / 1989 / d. / 1991

____16.The decimal equivalent of 102 is

a. / 100. / c. / 0.1.
b. / 10. / d. / 0.01.

____17.What is 78,900,000,000 expressed in scientific notation?

a. / 789  109 / c. / 7.89  1010
b. / 7.89  109 / d. / 7.89  1011

____18.The speed of light is approximately 3  108 m/s. How would this be written in conventional notation?

a. / 300,000 / c. / 30,000,000
b. / 3,000,000 / d. / 300,000,000

____19.You are asked to find the area of a room that is 4.56 m long and 5.668 m wide. How many significant figures should you show in your answer?

a. / 3 / c. / 6
b. / 5 / d. / 7

____20.You are asked to find the volume of a cube that is 2.5 cm high, 2.65 cm wide, and 3.456 cm long. How many significant figures should you show in your answer?

a. / 1 / c. / 3
b. / 2 / d. / 4

____21.What is the area of a room that is 4  102 cm long and 2  103 cm wide?

a. / 6  103 cm2 / c. / 8  105 cm2
b. / 8  103 cm2 / d. / 8  107 cm2

____22.A precise measurement is one that

a. / contains the correct number of significant figures.
b. / contains at least three significant figures.
c. / is close to the true value.
d. / is as exact as possible.

____23.A measurement that is accurate is one that

a. / is as exact as possible. / c. / contains at least four significant figures.
b. / is close to the true value. / d. / contains five decimal places.

____24.Matter is defined as anything that

a. / can be seen and touched. / c. / can be weighed.
b. / has mass and takes up space. / d. / contains kinetic or potential energy.

____25.The science of what matter is made of and how it changes is called

a. / chemistry. / c. / kinetics.
b. / physics. / d. / engineering.

____26.A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances is

a. / a compound. / c. / an element.
b. / a mixture. / d. / an atom.

____27.The smallest unit of a substance that behaves like the substance is

a. / an element. / c. / a molecule.
b. / an atom. / d. / a compound.

____28.A molecule of water (H2O) is made from _____ combining two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

a. / physically / c. / thermally
b. / ionically / d. / chemically

____29.You put 1 gram of salt into 1 liter of water and stir. The resulting liquid is an example of

a. / a pure substance. / c. / a homogeneous mixture.
b. / a heterogeneous mixture. / d. / an immiscible mixture.

____30.The chemical symbol for sulfuric acid is H2SO4. How many atoms are contained in each molecule of sulfuric acid?

a. / 3 / c. / 6
b. / 5 / d. / 7

____31.How many oxygen atoms are in one molecule of table sugar (C12H22O11)?

a. / 2 / c. / 12
b. / 11 / d. / 22

____32.A material that can be represented by a chemical formula is

a. / an element. / c. / a homogeneous solution.
b. / a mixture. / d. / a pure substance.

____33.The chemical formula for water, H2O, means that each water molecule contains

a. / two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms.
b. / two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
c. / two hydrogen atoms and zero oxygen atoms.
d. / one hydrogen atom and two oxygen atoms.

____34.Which of the following is an example of a gas-liquid mixture?

a. / the air we breathe / c. / a helium balloon
b. / a carbonated drink / d. / ice cubes

____35.Knowing the chemical properties of a substance will tell you how the substance

a. / looks. / c. / can be broken down into atoms.
b. / smells. / d. / reacts with other substances.

____36.Which state of matter will hold its shape without a container?

a. / solid / c. / gas
b. / liquid / d. / plasma

____37.A liquid changes rapidly into a gas at the liquid’s

a. / boiling point. / c. / melting point.
b. / freezing point. / d. / condensation point.

____38.A physical property of gold is its

a. / density. / c. / non-flammability.
b. / reactivity with powerful acids. / d. / None of the above

____39.Which of the following is not an example of a physical property?

a. / freezing point / c. / reactivity
b. / boiling point / d. / density

____40.Lead has a density of 11.3 g/cm3 and a mass of 282.5 g. What is its volume?

a. / 2.5 cm3 / c. / 250 cm3
b. / 25 cm3 / d. / 2500 cm3

____41.A substance has a mass of 360 g and a volume of 7.5 cm3. What is its density?

a. / 2700 g/cm3 / c. / 480 g/cm3
b. / 270 g/cm3 / d. / 48 g/cm3

____42.Which of the following is an example of a physical change?

a. / dissolving salt in water / c. / cooking an egg
b. / burning wood into charcoal / d. / rusting iron

____43.Grinding quartz crystals down to produce sand is an example of a

a. / change of state. / c. / chemical reaction.
b. / chemical change. / d. / physical change.

____44.Digesting food is an example of

a. / physical change. / c. / chemical change.
b. / change of state. / d. / buoyancy.

____45.Which of the following is an example of a chemical change?

a. / ice melting / c. / pounding gold into a coin
b. / paint fading / d. / a puddle of water evaporating

____46.Which of the following is not a potential sign of chemical change?

a. / release of gas / c. / change of color
b. / evaporation of water / d. / production of gas

____47.Temperature is a measure of the average _____ energy of the particles in the object.

a. / thermal / c. / potential
b. / kinetic / d. / chemical

____48.The process of a liquid becoming a gas is called

a. / sublimation. / c. / evaporation.
b. / condensation. / d. / freezing.

____49.The process of a liquid becoming a solid is called

a. / condensation. / c. / evaporation.
b. / freezing. / d. / melting.

____50.Which state of matter has a definite volume, but not shape?

a. / plasma / c. / liquid
b. / gas / d. / solid

____51.The heavier a particle, the _____ it moves.

a. / slower / c. / less
b. / faster / d. / more

____52.What determines the speed of the atoms and molecules of a particular substance?

a. / size of the atoms and molecules / c. / Both (a) and (b)
b. / temperature of the substance / d. / None of the above

____53.Archimedes’ principle states that the buoyant force on a(n) _____ is equal to the weight of the displaced volume of fluid.

a. / object in the fluid / c. / fluid mixing with another liquid
b. / object floating on the fluid / d. / substance dissolving into the fluid

____54.When ice melts to form water, energy

a. / is created. / c. / is released.
b. / is destroyed. / d. / is absorbed.

____55.The resistance of a fluid to flow is referred to as

a. / pressure. / c. / viscosity.
b. / energy. / d. / shape.

____56.Which state of matter will hold its shape without a container?

a. / solid / c. / gas
b. / liquid / d. / plasma

____57.The change of a substance from a solid directly to a gas is called

a. / condensation. / c. / melting.
b. / evaporation. / d. / sublimation.

____58.Evaporation refers to the change of state from a

a. / liquid to a gas. / c. / solid to a liquid.
b. / gas to a liquid. / d. / liquid to a solid.

____59.Ice floats in water because it is

a. / more dense than water. / c. / colder than water.
b. / less dense than water. / d. / warmer than water.

____60.Boyle’s law relates the pressure of a gas to its

a. / container. / c. / molecular composition.
b. / volume. / d. / temperature.

____61.When a fixed sample of gas increases in volume, it must also

a. / decrease in pressure. / c. / Either (a) or (b)
b. / increase in temperature. / d. / Both (a) and (b)

____62.Charles’s law relates the volume of a gas to its

a. / container. / c. / molecular composition.
b. / pressure. / d. / temperature.

____63.Buoyant force is the _____ force exerted on an object immersed or floating on a liquid.

a. / lateral / c. / downward
b. / upward / d. / tensile

____64.As the temperature of a fixed amount of gas at constant volume decreases, its pressure

a. / decreases. / c. / increases.
b. / stays the same. / d. / None of the above

____65.As the volume of a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature decreases, its pressure

a. / decreases. / c. / increases.
b. / stays the same. / d. / Insufficent data to answer question

____66.Dalton’s atomic theory stated that every element was made of atoms that could not be subdivided, atoms of the same element are alike, and

a. / atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
b. / the nucleus is the center of the atom.
c. / atoms can join to form molecules.
d. / atoms are constantly in motion.

____67.Dalton’s atomic theory was accepted because

a. / there was evidence to support it.
b. / Democritus said that it was correct.
c. / Dalton invented the electron microscope.
d. / Dalton showed how molecules are formed.

____68.Which statement is true according to Dalton’s theory?

a. / Atoms of different elements can join to form larger atoms.
b. / Atoms can be subdivided into smaller particles.
c. / Atoms of the same element differ in electric charge.
d. / Atoms of the same element are exactly alike.

____69.Which statement about the atomic nucleus is correct?

a. / The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons and has a negative charge.
b. / The nucleus is made of protons and neutrons and has a positive charge.
c. / The nucleus is made of electrons and has a positive charge.
d. / The nucleus is made of electrons and has a negative charge.

____70.The charge of an electron is

a. / 2. / c. / 0.
b. / 1. / d. / +1.

____71.Atoms have no electric charge because they

a. / have an equal number of charged and noncharged particles.
b. / have neutrons in their nuclei.
c. / have an equal number of electrons and protons.
d. / have an equal number of neutrons and protons.

____72.According to Bohr’s model of the atom, electrons behave like

a. / planets orbiting the sun. / c. / light energy in a vacuum.
b. / waves on a vibrating string. / d. / planets rotating on their axes.

____73.According to Bohr’s theory, an electron’s path around the nucleus defines its

a. / electric charge. / c. / energy level.
b. / atomic mass. / d. / speed.

____74.The order of elements in the periodic table is based on

a. / the number of protons in the nucleus. / c. / the number of neutrons in the nucleus.
b. / the electric charge of the nucleus. / d. / atomic mass.

____75.Atoms of elements that are in the same group have the same number of

a. / protons. / c. / valence electrons.
b. / neutrons. / d. / protons and neutrons.

____76.Valence electrons determine an atom’s

a. / mass. / c. / electric charge.
b. / chemical properties. / d. / period.

____77.Ionization refers to the process of

a. / changing from one period to another. / c. / turning lithium into fluorine.
b. / losing or gaining protons. / d. / losing or gaining electrons.

____78.A lithium ion is much less reactive than a lithium atom because it

a. / is much more massive.
b. / has a full outermost energy level.
c. / has a negative electric charge.
d. / is in a different group in the periodic table.

____79.Oxygen’s atomic number is 8. This means that an oxygen atom has

a. / eight neutrons in its nucleus. / c. / eight protons in its nucleus.
b. / a total of eight protons and neutrons. / d. / a total of eight neutrons and electrons.

____80.An atom’s mass number equals the number of

a. / protons plus the number of electrons. / c. / protons.
b. / protons plus the number of neutrons. / d. / neutrons.

____81.Which statement about an element’s average atomic mass is correct?

a. / It is determined by counting the number of isotopes in a sample of the element.
b. / It is equal to one-twelfth the mass of the most common isotope.
c. / It is a weighted average, so common isotopes have a greater effect than uncommon ones.
d. / It is based on an isotope’s charge, so negatively charged isotopes have a greater effect than positive ones.

____82.An atomic mass unit is equal to

a. / one-half the mass of a hydrogen atom.
b. / one-fourth the mass of a lithium atom.
c. / one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
d. / one-fifteenth the mass of a nitrogen-15 atom.

____83.Which statement about the alkali metals is correct?

a. / They are located in the left-most column of the periodic table.
b. / They are extremely nonreactive.
c. / They are usually gases.
d. / They form negative ions with a 1- charge.

____84.Which of the following elements is an alkali metal?

a. / calcium / c. / mercury
b. / magnesium / d. / sodium

____85.Which statement about noble gases is correct?

a. / They form compounds with very bright colors.
b. / They exist as single atoms rather than as molecules.
c. / They are highly reactive with both metals and nonmetals.
d. / They are extremely rare in nature.

____86.Most halogens form compounds by

a. / gaining an electron to form a negative ion.
b. / losing an electron to form a positive ion.
c. / losing protons.
d. / joining with both calcium and carbon.

____87.Group 18 noble gases are inert because

a. / they readily form positive ions.
b. / they can have either a positive or a negative charge.
c. / their outermost energy level is missing one electron.
d. / their outermost energy level is full.

____88.Carbon and other nonmetals are found in which area of the periodic table?

a. / on the left-most side
b. / on the right side
c. / in the middle column of the periodic table
d. / in the bottom rows

____89.Transition metals such as copper or tungsten form compounds by

a. / gaining electrons to form negative ions.
b. / losing electrons to form positive ions.
c. / losing neutrons.
d. / changing shape and color at various temperatures.

____90.A mole is an SI base unit that describes the

a. / mass of a substance. / c. / volume of a substance.
b. / amount of a substance. / d. / electric charge of a substance.

____91.If the atomic mass of carbon is 12 amu, 1 mole of pure carbon will have a mass of

a. / 6 g. / c. / 12 g.
b. / 6 mol. / d. / 12 mol.

____92.Avogadro’s constant is defined as the number of particles in

a. / one mole of a pure substance. / c. / one gram of a pure substance.
b. / one liter of a pure substance. / d. / one kilogram of a pure substance.

____93.Molar mass is defined as

a. / the number of particles in 1 mole of a substance.
b. / the SI base unit that describes the amount of a substance.
c. / the amount of a substance necessary to have a positive charge.
d. / the mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance.

____94.The average atomic mass of potassium is approximately 39 amu. What is the mass of 2.0 mol of potassium?

a. / 0.39 g / c. / 39 g
b. / 0.78 g / d. / 78 g

____95.The average atomic mass of the element cesium is approximately 133 amu. What is the mass of 3.00 mol of cesium?

a. / 0.133 g / c. / 266 g
b. / 133 g / d. / 399 g

____96.You have 6.50 mol of chromium, which has a molar mass of approximately 52 g/mol. What is the mass in grams of this amount of chromium?

a. / 3.38 g / c. / 338 g
b. / 33.8 g / d. / 3.38 kg

____97.What is the mass in grams of 0.75 mol of sulfur, which has a molar mass of approximately 32 g/mol?

a. / 16 g / c. / 32 g
b. / 24 g / d. / 240 g

____98.You have 85.5 g of fluorine, which has a molar mass of approximately 19 g/mol. How many moles of fluorine do you have?

a. / 4.5 mol / c. / 45 mol
b. / 19 mol / d. / 85 mol

____99.A mixture is different from a compound because each substance in a mixture

a. / retains its own properties. / c. / forms an ion.
b. / changes its electric charge. / d. / changes from a solid to a liquid.

____100.Each molecule of hydrochloric acid, HCl, contains one atom of hydrogen and

a. / one atom of chlorine. / c. / two atoms of chlorine.
b. / one atom of oxygen. / d. / two atoms of oxygen.

____101.Each molecule of table sugar, C12H22O11, contains

a. / 0 atoms of carbon. / c. / 6 atoms of carbon.
b. / 1 atom of carbon. / d. / 12 atoms of carbon.

____102.Often atoms join so that each atom will have

a. / an even number of electrons.
b. / an outermost energy level that is full of electrons.
c. / an equal number of protons and electrons.
d. / more electrons than either protons or neutrons.

____103.When two hydrogen atoms bond, the positive nucleus of one atom attracts the

a. / negative nucleus of the other atom. / c. / negative electron of the other atom.
b. / positive electron of the other atom. / d. / positive nucleus of the other atom.

____104.An ionic bond is a bond that forms between

a. / ions with opposite charges.
b. / atoms with neutral charges.
c. / one atom’s nucleus and another atom’s electrons.
d. / the electrons of two different atoms.

____105.Covalent bonds are formed between

a. / ions. / c. / nonmetal atoms.
b. / metal atoms. / d. / compounds.

____106.In which type of bond do atoms share electrons?

a. / covalent bonds / c. / ionic bonds
b. / metallic bonds / d. / polyatomic bonds

____107.The name dinitrogen tetroxide tells you that this compound contains

a. / two nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms.
b. / four nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms.
c. / two nitrogen atoms and four oxygen atoms.
d. / four nitrogen atoms and four oxygen atoms.

____108.Fe2O3 is named iron (III) oxide because it contains

a. / three oxygen atoms. / c. / three iron atoms.
b. / Fe3+ ions. / d. / O3+ ions.

____109.When copper combines with oxygen to form copper (II) oxide, the charge of the copper ion is

a. / Cu1+. / c. / Cu3+.
b. / Cu2+. / d. / Cu4+.

____110.When nickel combines with fluorine to form nickel (III) fluoride, the charge of the nickel ion is

a. / Ni1+. / c. / Ni3+.
b. / Ni2+. / d. / Ni4+.

____111.The name for the compound with the formula CuBr2 would be written as

a. / copper(II) bromide. / c. / copper bromine.
b. / copper(I) bromide. / d. / copper(III) bromide.

____112.The name for the compound with the formula Cr2O3 would be written as

a. / chromium(I) oxide. / c. / chromium oxygen.
b. / chromium(II) oxide. / d. / chromium(III) oxide.

____113.A change in the color of a solution is a sign that

a. / a chemical change is taking place. / c. / oxygen is present.
b. / a physical change has just occurred. / d. / organic chemicals are present.

____114.A substance that undergoes a change in a chemical reaction is

a. / a product. / c. / a reactant.
b. / a chemical. / d. / an enzyme.

____115.What happens in a chemical reaction?

a. / Atoms are destroyed. / c. / Molecules are created.
b. / Atoms are created. / d. / Atoms are rearranged.

____116.In an exothermic reaction, energy is transferred from

a. / the reactants to the surroundings. / c. / one reactant to another.
b. / the surroundings to the reactants. / d. / the container to the chemicals.

____117.A synthesis reaction is a reaction between at least two compounds in which

a. / one breaks down into at least two products.
b. / a compound is decomposed by an electric current.
c. / a compound burns in the presence of oxygen.
d. / a new, more complex compound is formed.

____118.The product of the synthesis reaction between sodium and chlorine gas is

a. / polyethylene. / c. / sodium chloride.
b. / carbon dioxide. / d. / copper (II) chloride.

____119.When methane reacts with abundant amounts of oxygen, the products are

a. / carbon dioxide and water. / c. / soot and water.
b. / carbon monoxide and water. / d. / simple sugar and oxygen.

____120.When water is broken down by electrolysis, the products are

a. / water and carbon dioxide. / c. / hydrogen gas and oxygen gas.
b. / hydrogen and oxygen ions. / d. / oxygen and methane.

APS MIDTERM REVIEW QUESTIONS

Answer Section

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