AP EUROPEAN CHAPTER 11 STUDY GUIDE
“The Age of Reformation”
Section 1 – Society and Religion
1. Discuss the political, economic, and social factors that led city-dwellers and peasants to support the
Protestant Reformation.
2. What events and actions within the Catholic Church helped fuel the growth of the Protestant
Reformation?
Section 2 – Martin Luther and the German Reformation to 1525
3. How did Luther’s teachings on salvation conflict with that of the Catholic Church?
4. Describe the function of the indulgence. How did Martin Luther protest this practice?
5. Summarize the ideas put forth in Luther’s three most significant pamphlets.
6. What were the end results of Luther’s appearance at the Diet of Worms?
7. How was Luther’s message viewed by those involved in the Peasants’ Revolt of 1524-25? How did
Luther respond to the revolt?
Section 3 – The Reformation Elsewhere
8. Describe Ulrich Zwingli’s Scripture test and the impact it had on the city of Zurich.
9. How did the Marburg Colloquy demonstrate a division between Luther and Zwingli?
10. Discuss the basic beliefs of the Anabaptists as outlined in the Schleitheim Confession.
11. Identify the basic teachings of Calvinism. In what writing were these beliefs outlined?
12. Discuss the impact that Calvin’s teachings had on the city of Geneva.
Section 4 – Political Consolidation of the Lutheran Reformation
13. What demand was made of Lutherans by Charles V at the Diet of Augsburg? How did Lutherans
respond?
14. Discuss the characteristics of Lutheran expansion in Germany in the 1530’s.
15. Identify the terms and relate the significance of the Peace of Augsburg.
Section 5 – The English Reformation to 1553
16. Why did Henry VIII seek an annulment from his first wife Catherine of Aragon? How did this lead
to England’s break with the Catholic Church?
17. What evidence demonstrates HenryVIII’s religious conservatism?
Section 6 – Catholic Reform and Counter-Reformation
18. Discuss the ideals put forth by the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) to promote the Counter Reformation.
Who founded this organization?
19. Discuss the various reforms of the Council of Trent as they relate to church discipline and doctrine.
Section 7 – The Social Significance of the Reformation in Western Europe
20. In what ways did the role of women in 16th century society change as a result of the Protestant
Reformation?
Section 8 – Family Life in Early Modern Europe
21. What factors led to later marriages in early modern Europe? What were the consequences?
22. Discuss evidence of a lack of emotion in traditional Western European families.
Section 9 – Literary Imagination in Transition
23. What influences shaped Spanish literature in the 16th and 17th centuries? Who was Spain’s greatest
literary artist?