STANDING ORDERS
ADMIT– Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Elevation MI (NSTEMI)
Based on ACC/AHA 2007 Class I Recommendationsa
Patient ______
(LAST NAME) (FIRST NAME) (MI)
Age:______years Weight: ______kg Male Female
Admit to: Cardiology
Condition:______
Diagnosis: Unstable angina NSTEMI
Medication allergies: ______
______
Check/Initial/Date
_____/_____Activity: bed rest
_____/_____Cardiac monitor
_____/_____Vital signs q4h x 24 h then q8h
_____/_____Diet: house/no added salt/low saturated fat; low cholesterol
_____/_____Call house officer for T >101, SBP >190 mm Hg or SBP <90 mm Hg, HR >120 bpm or HR <50 bpm, RR >30 or RR <10
_____/_____Guaiac ALL stools while on UFH, LMWH, GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor
_____/_____Supplemental O2 to keep arterial saturation >90%
Nasal prongs (cannula) 2 L/min
PLEASE CALL HOUSE OFFICER FOR O2 SAT <90%
_____/_____ORDER FOR RESPIRATORY CARE O2SAT CHECK q8h
Check/Initial/Date
_____/_____ECG ON ADMISSION
_____/_____ECG for recurrent chest pain
Check/Initial/Date
CARDIAC MARKERS
_____/_____ Troponin T/Troponin I: NOW AND EVERY _____hrs ___ times
_____/_____ CK-MB: NOW AND EVERY _____ hrs ___ times
CHEMISTRY PANEL
_____/_____CBC, Lipid Profile, PTT, Chemistry (7) panel in AM – FASTING
Check/Initial/Date
_____/_____Aspirin 162-325 (______insert dose) mg po chewed (loading dose) now, then 75-162 mg/d po (or 162-325 mg/d after stent implantation) daily maintenance dose
_____/_____ If aspirin intolerant, use clopidogrel 300-600 (______
insert dose) mg po x 1(loading dose),b then 75 mg/d po
_____/_____Stop all NSAIDs except aspirin
Check/Initial/Date
-BLOCKER
Hold if signs of HF, evidence of a low-output state, increased riskfor cardiogenic shock (age >70 y, SBP <120 mm Hg, sinus tachycardia >110 bpm or heart rate <60 bpm, increased time since onset of UA/NSTEMI symptoms), or other relative contraindications to β-blockade (PR interval >0.24 s, second- or third-degree heart block, active asthma, or reactive airway disease).
Choose one:
IV -Blocker(optional; reserved for patients with refractory tachycardia or refractory hypertension; otherwise, oral β-blockade is sufficient)
_____/_____Drug: ______mg IV every ____ hrs
Oral -Blocker
_____/_____METOPROLOL TARTRATE 50-200 mg bid
_____/_____ATENOLOL 50-200 mg/d
_____/_____CARVEDILOL 6.25 mg bid, uptitrated to max. 25 mg bid
NITROGLYCERIN
_____/_____NITROGLYCERIN 1/150 (0.4 mg) 1 TAB SL q5min x 3 prn chest pain; HOLD IF: SBP <100 mm Hg
_____/_____NITROGLYCERIN 5-200 µg/min IV in D5W continuous IV
_____/_____NITROGLYCERIN, transdermal, 0.2 to 0.8 mg/h q12h, tolerance in 7 to 8 h
Check/Initial/Date
_____/_____High risk Intermediate risk Low risk
High risk: elevated cardiac biomarkers, ST depression, transient ST elevation, >20 min of rest pain, hemodynamic instability, signs of CHF INITIAL INVASIVE STRATEGY (Diagnostic angiography with intent to revascularize)
Intermediate risk: no high-risk features, prior MI, prior CABG, T-wave inversions, rest angina <20 min relieved promptly with nitroglycerin, age >70 years EITHER INITIAL INVASIVE OR INITIAL CONSERVATIVE STRATEGY
Low risk: No high- or moderate-risk features, progressive angina without prolonged rest pain, normal cardiac markers, normal ECG with pain INITIAL CONSERVATIVE STRATEGY
_____/_____ Invasive strategy
Conservative strategy
Selection of Initial Treatment Strategy: Patient Characteristics
Invasive Strategy Preferred
●Recurrent angina or ischemia at rest or with low-level activities
●Elevated cardiac biomarkers (TnT or TnI)
●New or presumably new ST-segment depression
●Signs or symptoms of HF or new or worsening mitral regurgitation
●High-risk findings from noninvasive testing
●Hemodynamic instability
●Sustained ventricular tachycardia
●PCI within 6 months
●Prior CABG
●High risk score (eg, TIMI, GRACE)
●Reduced LV function (LVEF <40%)
Conservative (Selectively Invasive) Strategy Preferred
●Low risk score
●Patient or physician preference in absence of high-risk features
It is reasonable for initially stabilized high-risk patients with UA/NSTEMI* (GRACE risk score >140) to undergo an early invasive strategy within 12 to 24 hours of admission. For patients not at high risk, an early invasive approach is also reasonable (Class IIa, LOE: B).c
*Immediate catheterization/angiography is recommended for unstable patients.
Check/Initial/Date
Initiate at least one (Class I, LOE: A) or both (Class IIa, LOE: B) of the following:
_____/_____Clopidogrel 300-600 (______insert dose) mg po x 1 (loading dose),b then 75 mg/d po.Withhold for 5 days if CABG is planned.
OR
_____/_____Prasugrel (at the time of PCI)60 mg po x 1 (loading dose),c then 10 mg/d po. Do not use prasugrel in patients with active pathological bleeding or a history of TIA or stroke. In patients ≥75 years of age, prasugrel is generally not recommended because of the increased risk of fatal and intracranial bleeding and uncertain benefit, except in high-risk situations (patients with diabetes or a history of prior MI) for which its effect appears to be greater and its use may be considered. Do not start prasugrel in patients likely to undergo urgent CABG. When possible, discontinue prasugrel at least 7 days before any surgery.
AND/OR
GLYCOPROTEIN IIB/IIIA INHIBITOR THERAPY(choose one):
_____/_____Eptifibatide180 µg/kg IV bolus x 2, 10 min apart, followed by IV infusion of 2.0 µg/kg/min, reduce to 1.0 µg/kg/min if CrCl 50 mL/min. Continue for 18 to 24 hours post-PCI.
OR
_____/_____TirofibanIV infusion of 0.4 µg/kg/min for 30 min, reduce to 0.2 µg/kg/min for CrCl<30 mL/min, followed by IV infusion of 0.1 µg/kg/min, reduce to 0.05 µg/kg/min if CrCl 30 mL/min. Continue for 18 to 24 hours post-PCI.
OR
_____/_____Abciximab 0.25 mg/kg IV bolus administered 10-60 min before the start of PCI, followed by IV infusion of 0.125 µg/kg/min (to a maximum of 10 μg/min). Continue for 12 hours post-PCI. Indicated only if there is no appreciable delay to angiography and PCI is likely to be performed. Reserve only for patients with planned PCI within 24 hours.
Either anIV GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor (eptifibatide or tirofiban; Class I, LOE: A) or clopidogrel (loading dose followed by daily maintenance dose; Class I, LOE: A) should be added to aspirin and anticoagulant therapy before diagnostic angiography.
For UA/NSTEMI patients in whom an initial invasive strategy is selected, it is reasonable to initiate antiplatelet therapy with both clopidogrel (loading dose followed by daily maintenance dose) and a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor (Class IIa, LOE:B).
Factors favoring administration of both clopidogrel and a GP IIb/IIIa inhibitor include delay to angiography, high-risk features, and early recurrent ischemic discomfort.
Check/Initial/Date
ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY(choose one):
(A) or (B) denotes level of evidence designation.
_____/_____Unfractionated Heparin(A) (for 48 hours) 60 U/kg IV bolus (not to exceed 4000 U), followed by IV infusion of 12 U/kg/h (not to exceed 1000 U/h) to achieve goal aPTT 1.5 to 2.0 times control (approximately 50 to 70 s); check aPTT in 6 h and adjust heparin as indicated(see appendix for titration nomogram)
OR
_____/_____Enoxaparind(A)1 mg/kg SC q12h (if CrCl <30 mL/min, give 1 mg/kg every 24 h). Continue for the duration of hospitalization, 8 days, or until PCI or CABG is performed.
OR
_____/_____Fondaparinux(B) 2.5 mg SC once daily (avoid if CrCl <30 mL/min). Continue for the duration of hospitalization, 8 days, or until PCI or CABG is performed.UFH, per institutional practice, should be administered for any PCI procedure.
OR
_____/_____Bivalirudin(B) 0.1 mg/kg IV bolus, then IV infusion of 0.25 mg/kg/h (use with caution if CrCl <30 mL/min). Continue until PCI is performed or for up to 4 h post-PCI. Discontinue 3 h before CABG and dose with UFH per institutional practice.
Check/Initial/Date
_____/_____Clopidogrel 300 mg po x 1 (loading dose), b then 75 mg/d po
ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY(choose one):
(A) or (B) denotes level of evidence designation.
_____/_____Unfractionated Heparin(A) (for 48 hours) 60 U/kg IV bolus (not to exceed 4000 U), followed by IV infusion of 12 U/kg/h (not to exceed 1000 U/h) to achieve goal aPTT 1.5 to 2.0 times control (approximately 50 to 70 s); check aPTT in 6 h and adjust heparin as indicated.
OR
_____/_____Enoxaparinc(A) 1 mg/kg SC q12h (if CrCl <30 mL/min, give 1 mg/kg every 24 h)
OR
_____/_____Fondaparinux(B) 2.5 mg SC once daily (avoid if CrCl <30 mL/min). Preferred if high risk of bleeding.
Continue IV UFH for at least 48 h (Class I, LOE: A) or enoxaparin or fondaparinux for the duration of the hospitalization (Class I, LOE: A). Enoxaparin or fondaparinux is preferable to UFH as anticoagulant therapy, unless CABG is planned within 24 h (Class IIa, LOE: B).
For UFH, consult Unfractionated Heparin Dosing Chart.
_____/_____Schedule assessment of LVEF
_____/_____Schedule stress test
_____/_____Start early invasive strategy if patient has recurrent
symptoms/ischemia, HF, arrhythmias, positive cardiac biomarkers, or positive stress test
GLYCOPROTEIN IIB/IIIA INHIBITOR THERAPY
For UA/NSTEMI patients in whom an initial conservative (ie, noninvasive) strategy is selected, it may be reasonable to add eptifibatide or tirofiban to anticoagulant and oral antiplatelet therapy (Class IIb, LOE: B).
_____/_____Eptifibatide180 µg/kg IV bolus, followed by IV infusion of 2.0 µg/kg/min (reduce to 1.0 µg/kg/min if CrCl 50 mL/min)
OR
_____/_____TirofibanIV infusion of 0.4 µg/kg/min for 30 min, reduce to 0.2 µg/kg/min for CrCl<30 mL/min, followed by IV infusion of 0.1 µg/kg/min, reduce to 0.05 µg/kg/min if CrCl 30 mL/min
Check/Initial/Date
_____/_____DOCUSATE SODIUM 100 mg po bid
_____/_____MAALOX PLUS EX STR 15 mL po q6h prn indigestion
_____/_____OXAZEPAM 15-30 mg po qhs prn insomnia
_____/_____ACETAMINOPHEN 650 mg po q4h prn headache
_____/_____MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE 30 mL po daily prn constipation
_____/_____MAGNESIUM SULFATE Sliding Scale IV daily
Call house officer if serum Mg <1.2; hold order for creatinine >1.9
If serum Mg <1.4 give 5 g MgSO4 IV
If serum Mg <1.6 give 4 g MgSO4 IV
If serum Mg <1.8 give 3 g MgSO4 IV
If serum Mg <2.0 give 2 g MgSO4 IV
_____/_____LAB, MG, K daily
_____/_____KCL IMMEDIATE REL Sliding Scale Target K >4.5 mg/dL po daily
Call house officer if K <3.4; hold order for creatinine >1.9
If K <3.7 give 60 mEq
If K <4.1 give 40 mEq
If K <4.6 give 20 mEq
Additional Orders:
______
______
_____/_____CHEST PAIN PROTOCOL
_____/_____ECG x 1 prn chest pain
_____/_____For CP: check VS, call house officer
_____/_____Mark if cardiac cath is planned: Time ______
_____/_____NPO except meds Now After midnight
_____/_____LAB, TYPE AND HOLD NEXT AVAILABLE
_____/_____NUTRITION CONSULT
Patient admitted to cardiology ischemia pathway with known or suspected CAD. Please facilitate outpatient education in low-cholesterol, low-salt diet
_____/_____SOCIAL SERVICE CONSULT
Patient admitted to cardiology ischemia pathway with known
or suspected CAD. Please assess and assist in need for outpatient support (including VNA) services
Check/Initial/Date
_____/_____If on UFH (consult Unfractionated Heparin Dosing Chart)
______
_____/_____Calcium channel blocker (if β-blocker contraindicated)
Drug: ______mg ____times/d
_____/_____ACE inhibitor or ARB; recommended if diabetic
Drug: ______mg ____times/d
_____/_____Lipid-lowering therapy (statins) regardless of LDL;dose target to LDL <100 mg/dL (further reduction to <70 mg/dL reasonable)
Drug: ______mg once daily
_____/_____Echocardiography. FIRST 24 HR if evidence of CHF, hemodynamic instability, mechanical complication
_____/_____Warfarin: RECOMMENDED if LV thrombus, extensive wall dyskinesis, LVEF <20%-30%
Check/Initial/Date
_____/_____Patient had stent implanted
OR
_____/_____Patient had medical therapy without stenting
MEDICATIONS
_____/_____Aspirin ______mg/d for ______
_____/_____Clopidogrel ______mg/d for ______
OR
_____/_____Prasugrel 10 mg/d for ______
_____/_____-blocker
Drug: ______
Dosage: ______
_____/_____ACE inhibitor or ARB
Drug: ______
Dosage: ______
_____/_____Aldosterone receptor blocker
Drug: ______
Dosage: ______
_____/_____Calcium channel blocker
Drug: ______
Dosage: ______
_____/_____Statin
Drug: ______
Dosage: ______
_____/_____Nitroglycerin
Drug: ______
Dosage: ______
_____/_____Drug: ______
Dosage: ______
_____/_____Drug: ______
Dosage: ______
PATIENT/FAMILY EDUCATION AND FOLLOW-UP INSTRUCTIONS
Check/Initial/Date
_____/_____Medication instructions/disease education
_____/_____Smoking cessation
_____/_____Diabetes management
_____/_____Nutrition, weight, and blood pressure management
_____/_____Exercise program
_____/_____Referral to cardiac rehab
Time: ______Date: ______Signature: ______
aAnderson JL, Adams CD, Antman EM, et al. ACC/AHA 2007 guidelines for the management of
patients with unstable angina/non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a report of the American
College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing
Committee to Revise the 2002 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable
Angina/Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) developed in collaboration with the American
College of Emergency Physicians, the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and
Interventions, and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons endorsed by the American Association of
Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Society for Academic Emergency
Medicine. JAm Coll Cardiol. 2007;50(7):e1-e157.
b Some uncertainty exists about optimum dosing of clopidogrel. Randomized trials establishing its
efficacy and providing data on bleeding risks used a loading dose of 300 mg orally followed by a
daily oral maintenance dose of 75 mg. Higher oral loading doses such as 600 or 900 mg of
clopidogrel more rapidly inhibit platelet aggregation and achieve a higher absolute level of
inhibition of platelet aggregation, but the additive clinical efficacy and the safety of higher oral
loading doses have not been rigorously established.
cKushner FG, Hand M, Smith SC Jr, et al. 2009 focused updates: ACC/AHA guidelinesfor themanagement of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (updating the 2004 guideline and 2007 focused update) and ACC/AHA/SCAI guidelines on percutaneous coronary intervention (updating the 2005 guideline and 2007 focused update): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54(23):2205-2241.
d Limited data are available for the use of other LMWHs in UA/NSTEMI.
Heparin Adjustment Nomogram for Standard Laboratory Reagents
With a Mean Control aPTT of 26-36 s
<40 / 3000 / 0 / +2 / 6 h
40-49 / 0 / 0 / +1 / 6 h
50-75 / 0 / 0 / 0 (no change) / Next am
76-85 / 0 / 0 / –1 / Next am
86-100 / 0 / 30 / –2 / 6 h
101-150 / 0 / 60 / –3 / 6 h
>150 / 0 / 60 / –6 / 6 h
aPTT indicates activated partial thromboplastin time. Heparin infusion concentration = 50 U/mL. Target aPTT = 50-75 s.
For aPTTs obtained before 12 h after initiation of thrombolytic therapy:
- Do not discontinue or decrease infusion unless significant bleeding or aPTT >150 s.
- Adjust infusion upward if aPTT <50 s. For aPTTs obtained 12 h after initiation of thrombolytic therapy, use entire nomogram: Deliver bolus, stop infusion, and/or change rate of infusion based on aPTT, as noted on appropriate line of nomogram.
Adapted with permission from Hirsh J, Raschke R, Warkentin TE, Dalen JE, Deykin D, Poller L. Heparin: mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing considerations, monitoring, efficacy, and safety. Chest. 1995;108(4 suppl):258S-275S.
Reprinted with permission from Ryan TJ, Anderson JL, Antman EM, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with acute myocardial infarction. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28(5):1328-1428.
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