Notes #3 Fish Marine Science

I.  Phylum Chordata

  1. Characteristics
  2. ______
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. All members show these characteristics during at least ______of their lives.

II.  Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Urochordata

  1. Members: ______
  1. All display chordate characteristics during ______stage of life.
  1. ______characteristics as adults.

III.  Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata

  1. Members: ______
  1. Backbone made of vertebrae.
  1. Brain and sensory organs located at ______. (head)

IV.  Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata (Fish)

  1. Fins
  2. Stability:
  3. Dorsal: ______
  1. Anal: ______
  1. Maneuvering
  2. Pectoral: ______
  1. Pelvic: ______
  1. Power:
  2. Caudal: ______

  1. Gills
  1. Function: ______
  1. Active fish = ______
  1. Fish breathe by countercurrent circulation.
  1. Countercurrent circulation = water and blood flow in ______directions.
  1. More O2 in ______
  1. Less O2 in ______
  1. O2 will diffuse from high concentration to a low concentration
  1. Since water always has more Oxygen, there is a ______diffusion of O2 into the bloodstream!

Countercurrent circulation drawing:

  1. Fish Body Plans (body plan determined by location!)
  1. Surface water fish: ______
  1. Mid-water fish: ______
  1. Benthic fish: ______
  1. Coloration of Fish
  1. Counter shading: ______
  1. Dorsal side = ______
  1. Ventral side = ______
  1. Advertising:
  1. 2 reasons why fish are brightly colored
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. Colors mimic habitat
  1. Benthic fish do this
  1. Reason to have body the same color as surroundings:

V.  Fish Class: Agnatha

  1. ______fish
  1. Characteristics:
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. Sample members:
  1. Hagfish
  1. Benthic ______
  1. Common in ______
  1. All are very ______
  1. Lamprey
  1. Born in salt water and reproduce in ______water (andramous)
  1. Many species are ______to bony fish L

VI.  Fish Class: Chondrichthyes

  1. Characteristics:
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. Claspers:
  1. What they are:
  1. ______
  1. How they work:
  1. ______
  1. Reproductive Strategies
  1. Oviparous
  1. ______eggs
  1. Developing young gets nourishment from ______.
  1. Oviparous organisms:
  1. Ovoviviparous
  1. Egg case ______
  1. Developing young nourished by ______
  1. Ovoviviparous organisms:
  1. Viviparous:
  1. ___egg case!
  1. Developing young get nourishment from ______
  1. Viviparous organisms:
  1. Chondrichthyes Members
  1. Rabbit fish (rat fish)
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. Skates and Rays
  1. Flattened ______
  1. Most are ______
  1. Exceptions: ______
  1. Whiplike tail is NOT a ______
  1. Pectoral fins are ______
  1. 5 paired gill slits and mouth on ______side of body
  1. Spiracles: ______

Skates / Rays
  1. Sharks
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. Shark senses
  1. Vision:
  1. Smell:
  1. Lateral Line:
  1. Ampullae:

VII.  Fish Class: Osteoichthyes (osteo= ______, icthyes=_____)

  1. Bony Fish Information
  2. Skelton made of ______.
  1. Flexible fins according to ______.
  1. Unlike sharks, bony fish have a gill ______.
  1. Unlike sharks, bony fish have a swim ______.
  1. Definition: ______
  1. Relationships with other organisms:
  1. Mutualisms:
  2. Anenome fish and anemones: ______
  1. Cleaner wrasses and reef fish: ______
  1. Parasitic:
  2. Pearlfish and sea cucumber: ______
  1. Fish Senses
  2. Vision:
  1. Smell:
  1. Lateral Line system:
  1. Sound:
  1. Bony Fish Reproductive Behaviors
  1. All bony fish are ______, ______, or ______.
  1. Variety of ways for egg to reach sperm.
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. Fish Change Sex
  1. Sexual success is related to ______
  1. Protandry: Small ______becomes a large ______.
  1. Why do it?
  1. Protogyny: Small ______becomes a large ______.
  1. Why do it?
  1. Fish Behavior
  1. Migration
  2. Catadramous (cata= ______, adramous=______)
  1. Live in ______water
  1. Reproduce in ______water
  1. Ex:______
  1. Anadromous (ana=____, adramous=______)
  1. Live in ______water
  1. Reproduce in ______water
  1. Ex: ______
  1. Schooling
  2. Made up of ______fish.
  1. Members are often same ______.
  1. Use ______to keep spacing between fish.
  1. 3 Reasons to School:
  1. ______
  1. ______
  1. ______