RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
KARNATAKA, BANGALORE
ANNEXURE – II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR
DISSERTATION
1 / Name of the candidate and address[in block letters] / DHEERENDRA
1ST YEAR MSc. NURSING
ALVA’S COLLEGE OF
NURSING, MOODBIDRI
2. / Name of the institution / ALVA’S COLLEGE OF
NURSING, MOODBIDRI
3. / Course of the study and subject / 1ST YEAR MSc. NURSING
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
4. / Date of admission to course / 02/06/2009
5. / Title of the Topic
“A study to assess the effectiveness of an awareness program on knowledge regarding tobacco addiction among youths of selected villages at Moodbidri.”
6.
7.
8. / Brief resume of the intended work:-
6.1 Need for the study :-
“The believing we do something when we do nothing is the first illusion of tobacco”
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
The epidemic of substance abuse especially in younger generation has assumed alarming dimensions in India. Changing cultural values, increasing economic stress and dwindling supportive bonds are leading to initiation of drug use among male youth.1
Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of adult death and disease in the world today. This fact has been accepted and is being emphasized by world health organization and all other agencies concerned with human health in the world.2
A large area in India is used for tobacco cultivation(4,06,000 hectares)although it forms a small percentage (0.2%)of the overall (181 million hectares) cultivated area (0.2%).India is the second largest producer of tobacco in the world producing about 5,76,200 metric tons of tobacco.2
The National Survey on Drug Use and Health reports that in 2008, youths aged 18 to 25 had the highest rate of current use of a tobacco product(41.4%) compared with youths aged 12 to 17 and adults aged 26 or older (11.4 and 28.3percent, respectively). In 2008, the rates of past month use among youths were 35.7percent for cigarettes, 11.3percent for cigars, 5.4percent for smokeless
tobacco, and 1.4percent for pipe tobacco. The rate of current use of a tobacco product by youths was similar in 2007 and 2008 (41.8 and 41.4percent, respectively), as was the rate of cigarette use between 2007 and 2008 (36.2 and 35.7percent, respectively).3
A study conducted on “smoking and cessation behaviors among youths of various educational backgrounds found that rates of tobacco consumption among youths, especially those at low educational levels, are relatively high.4
A study on “tobacco” concluded that the cessation of tobacco use is emerging topic for nursing research reflecting the increased public health attention on this topic. Increased research efforts are needed in the areas of tobacco cessation and prevention of tobacco use.5
In India youths are resorting to drug use under the influence of their peers and there is need for continuous monitoring of youth to take necessary measures.1 Hence the investigator felt the need to organize awareness programme to enhance the knowledge of rural youths on tobacco addiction.
6.2 Review of literature:-
A study was conducted on prevalence and determinants of tobacco use in a highly literate rural community in southern India .It aimed to determine the prevalence and patterns of tobacco use in a rural community with a high literacy rate and to examine the socioeconomic and demographic correlates of tobacco consumption in the area .A cross sectional survey using personal interviews was carried out on 832 individuals >15 years of age .The main analytical method used were chi-square test and multiple logistic analysis .Results showed that prevalence of tobacco use was 17.5%,being common among older persons ,the lower socioeconomic group and those who were less educated .Study concluded that improvement in the educational and socioeconomic status may lead to a decline in the use of tobacco.6
A study was conducted among adolescents of Moradabad to identify the prominent factors leading to initiation of tobacco use. Two-stage sampling was used to identify 590 adolescents. The response towards tobacco, and its use, was assessed through structured questionnaires. The study results showed that 17.3% of the adolescents have experimented with tobacco. Curiosity and peer pressure were the main reasons behind trying tobacco. Parental tobacco status, especially place of use (at home or outside), had a significant influence on adolescents experimenting tobacco. Study concluded that tobacco use by parents is likely to influence adolescents, as they perceive tobacco use as a positive and acceptable behavior, and develop favorable personal beliefs and subjective norms towards tobacco use.7
A Study was conducted to assess the knowledge of smoking behaviors among college-educated and non-college-educated young adults in US. Study used data from the 2003 tobacco use supplement of the current population survey to analyze smoking behaviors among young adults aged 18-24years and older young adults aged 25-34years by college status and other measures of socioeconomic position. Results showed that smoking prevalence among young adults aged 18-24years who are not enrolled in college or who do not have a college degree was 30%.This was more than twice the current smoking prevalence among college-educated young adults(14%). Study concluded that non-college –educated young adults smoke at more than twice the rate of their college educated counterparts. Targeted prevention and cessation efforts are needed for non-college-educated young adults to prevent excess morbidity and mortality in later years.8
A study was conducted in selected districts of Bihar to evaluate the effectiveness of intensive versus minimal, community centered versus clinic/camp centered and mass/group versus individual targeted intervention programs for cessation of tobacco use. Relevant qualitative and quantitative data was collected and analyzed using the statistical package. Results revealed high (>50%)pre-intervention prevalence of tobacco use and oral disease related to tobacco usage and no community initiative towards control of tobacco use. Post intervention data revealed 4% quitting, 3% dose reduction, and 2% reduction in usage of multiple types of tobacco. The study demonstrated that community centered mass approaches with minimal intervention was more effective than clinic centered, intensive, individual approach.9
A study was conducted in rural Wardha on tobacco consumption among adolescents to assess the pattern of tobacco use among rural adolescents and to find out reasons for use and non use of tobacco products. The study was carried out in 11 villages during January 2008 where 385 adolescents were selected by simple random sampling and interviewed by house to house visits. About 68.3% boys and 12.4% girls had consumed tobacco products in last 30 days. The reasons for non use of tobacco among girls were fear of cancer (59%), poor oral health(37.9%).Among non consuming boys it was fear of cancer(58.6%),poor oral health (44.8%)and fear of addiction (29.3%). Study concluded that current consumption of any tobacco products among rural youths was found very high. Hence, multi-pronged intervention strategy is needed to tackle the problem.1
6.3 Problem Statement: -
“A study to assess the effectiveness of an awareness program on knowledge regarding tobacco addiction among youths of selected villages at Moodbidri.”
6.4 Objectives: -
The objectives of the study are to:-
· assess the pretest knowledge scores among youths regarding tobacco addiction.
· assess the posttest knowledge scores among youths regarding tobacco addiction.
· evaluate the effectiveness of awareness programme among youths regarding tobacco addiction.
· find out the association between knowledge scores and selected demographic variables.
6.5 OPERATIONAL DEFINITION: -
Effectiveness:
In this study effectiveness refers to significant increase in the level of knowledge among youths regarding tobacco addiction which is measured from the responses of post test after awareness programme.
Tobacco addiction:
In this study tobacco addiction refers to being abnormally tolerant to and dependent on tobacco that is psychologically or physically habit-forming.
Awareness programme:
In this study Awareness programme refers to the health promotional activities regarding tobacco addiction among youths.
Knowledge:
In this study knowledge refers to the gain in information from the awareness programme regarding tobacco addiction as measured by structured knowledge questionnaire.
Youths:
In this study youths are the young adults of villages of age group 18-25.
6.6 Assumption: -
The study assumes that:-
· tobacco addiction may be prevailing among youths of village.
· systematically planned awareness programme may bring about desirable change in the health practices of youths regarding tobacco addiction
· there may be an influence of socio-demographic variables on the knowledge scores of youths regarding tobacco addiction.
6.7 Delimitations: -
This study is limited to:-
· youths of selected villages at Moodbidri.
· youths who can read and write kannada
6.8 Hypotheses:-
Hypothesis will be tested at 0.05 level of significance:-
H1:- There will be significant difference in the pretest and posttest knowledge
scores of youths regarding tobacco addiction after the awareness programme.
H2:- There will be a significant association between the knowledge scores and
selected demographic variables.
MATERIAL AND METHOD: -
7.1 Sources of data: -
Data will be collected from youths of selected villages at Moodbidri, who will fulfill the inclusion criteria.
7.1.1 Research design: -
The design adopted is one group pretest posttest pre-experimental design.
Test group / O1 / X / O2
O1-pretest knowledge score before awareness programme.
X- Intervention in the form of awareness programme.
O2-post test knowledge score after awareness programme.
7.1.2 Setting: -
Setting consists of selected villages at Moodbidri.
7.1.3 Population:-
The population for the study consists of youths of selected villages at Moodbidri.
7.2 Method of data collection:-
7.2.1 Sampling procedure:-
Non probability purposive sampling.
7.2.2 Sampling size:-
Sample consists of 50 youths who are members of selected villages at Moodbidri.
7.2.3 Inclusion criteria for sampling:-
· Youths of selected villages at Moodbidri of age group 18-25.
· Youths who are willing to participate in the study.
· Youths who can read and write kannada
7.2.4 Exclusion criteria for sampling:-
· youths suffering from chronic illness associated with smokeless tobacco.
· youths who cannot read and write kannada
7.2.5 Instrument used :-
· Demographic Proforma
· Structured knowledge questionnaire on tobacco addiction
7.2.6 Data collection method:-
· Data will be collected by direct administration of demographic proforma and structured knowledge questionnaire on tobacco addiction.
7.2.7 Data analysis:-
· Demographic data will be analyzed by using frequency and percentage
· Knowledge score will be analyzed by computing mean, median, mean percentage and standard deviation.
· Effectiveness of awareness programme will be evaluated by using paired ‘t’ test
· Association between knowledge scores and selected demographic variable will be calculated by using chi-square test.
7.3 Does the study requires any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patients or other humans or animals? If so please describe briefly.
Yes, administration of structured questionnaire and providing awareness programme.
7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3?
Yes, ethical clearance has been obtained from the concerned authority
LIST OF REFERENCE
1. Kumar C, Prabhu GR. Prevalence of drug abuse among male youth in Tirupathi,A.P. Indian journal of community medicine.2006 Oct-Dec; 31(4):281.
2. Gupta PC, Sinha DN. Tobacco research in India. Indian journal of public health.2004 July-Sept ;48(5):103-4
3. http://www.oas.samhsa.gov/nhsda.htm.
4. Solberg ,Stephen E, Raymond Boyle, Maribet C, Merry Jo Thoele. Smoking and cessation behaviors among youths of various educational backgrounds. American journal of public health.2007 Aug; 97(8):1421-2
5. Linda saran,Linda Lillington. Tobacco: An emerging topic in nursing research. Nursing research.2005 july-aug ;51(4):245-47.
6. Daniel AB, Nagaraj K, Kamath R. Prevalence and determinants of tobacco use in a highly literate rural community in southern India. National med.journal of India 2008 jul-aug;21(4):163-5
7. Ravishankar TL, Nagarjappa R, Factors attributing to initiation of tobacco use in adolescents of Moradabad(UP) India . Indian journal of dental research .2009 jul-sep;20(3):346-9.
8. Molly Green P,Kristen L,Haijun Xiao, Jennifer Duke C,Donna Vallone M,Heaton. A closer look at smoking among youths;where tobacco control should focus its attention. American journal of public health;2007;97(8):1427-30.
9. Dhirendra Sinha N,Madhumathi Dobe. Effectiveness of tobacco cessation intervention programs . Indian journal pf public health.2004 jul-sept; 48(3):138 -43.
10. Dongre a, Deshmukh P,Murali N,Garg B. tobacco consumption among adolescents in rural Wardha;where and how tobacco control should focus its attention?. Indian journal of cancer. 2008 jul-sep;45(3):100-6.
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