Name: ______
World History
Cold War
Essential Unit Questions
• What impact did World War II have on the development of democracy in Germany and Japan?
• How did different political systems help cause the Cold War between the US and the Soviet Union?
• How did the rivalry between the US and the Soviet Union involve other nations around the world?
• What caused the collapse of the Soviet Union?
Essential Question / Guided Notes / Additional NotesHow was Europe divided? / • Western Europe …………………………..
• Eastern Europe occupied by Soviet Union
• Stalin wanted to spread …………………………………
• Why? buffer zone from west
• Forced communist governments in Poland, Czechoslovakia
• Countries became known as …………………………
• Led to …………………………………………. à imaginary line splitting communist from democracies
•
Who were the two Superpowers? / • United States Soviet Union
• Western Nation East
• Democracy Communism
• Capitalist
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Market Economy / Command
Economy
Ownership / All property including the means of production are privately owned / The government owns the means of production, distribution and exchange
Economic Decisions / Private businesses and individuals are free from public control so that they can make basic economic decisions / Government officials make all basic economic decisions, such as what will be produced, when and where
Market Controls / Prices are determined by supply and demand. Competition promotes high quality and low prices / The gov’t plans the economy. There is limited production of consumer goods
Why did the Cold War begin? / • Conflicts in ………………………………and hostility between nations led to Cold War
• Distrust between nations
• “cold” because armed conflict between superpowers did not exist
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What was the US response to the Soviet expansion? / Truman Doctrine
• 1947
• …………………………..and …………………………………
• program designed to help nations resist Soviets
• Sent aid to ………………………. and …………………………..
Marshal plan
• 1947
• …………………………………………….. package designed to strengthen democracies
• US sent billions to help democracies
Why did the US support Greece and Turkey? / • Theory of …………………………………….
• ……………………………………………………………
• Wanted to maintain pro- democratic governments
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What crisis existed in Germany? / • Germany divided into four zones
• Increased tensions
• Stalin ……………………………..Berlin to force out Allies
• Leads to …………………………………………….
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What Opposing Alliances Existed / NATO
• ……………………………………………………………..
• Western Europe
• Military & defensive alliance / Warsaw Pact
• …………………………………………
• Military & defensive alliance
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Were all countries aligned?? NO!
• / • Nonaligned Nations ………………………… with US or USSR
• Non aligned nations wanted to ………………………………………………………………………………
• Yugoslavia, India, African Nations, China, South East Asia
• US & USSR offer military and economic aid to gain influence in the developing world
• / •
How did people react in Eastern Europe? / •
• ……………………………………….. Revolt 1956
• …….………………………… à nationalist
• Ended 1 party rule/ withdrew from Warsaw Pact
• ………………………………………. Revolt 1968
• ……………………………………………….
• Eased censorship/ new constitution
• Soviet Union used force to put down both rebellions
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• / •
What races developed during the Cold War? / Arms Race
• Buildup of ……………………………weapons
• Raised levels of …………………………….
• Raised fears among ………………………..
• Feared destruction of the world / Space Race
• 1957 - Soviets launch ……………………………….., a satellite orbited the Earth
• ‘58- American Satellite (NASA)
• ’61- Soviets man in space
• ‘69- US man on the moon
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Where did conflicts exist around the world? / • East Asia
• Middle East
• Africa
• Latin America
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What conflicts existed in East Asia? / Korean War
• 1950-1953
• North Korea à …………………………..
• South Korea à …………………………
• North Korea tried to unite country under communism
• UN forces pushed back surge
• ……………………………………………………….. / Vietnam War
• 1954- 1975
• North à ……………………….. (Ho Chi Minh)
• South à ………………………..
• North Vietnam tried to unite country under communism
• Americans unable to push out forces
• United under …………………………………….control in 1975
What conflicts arose in the Middle East? / Arab States and Israel
• …………………………………. à leader in Arab Egypt
• Nationalized Suez Canal
• Built Aswan Dam w/ help from Soviets
• Israel supported by Americans
• Fought two wars / Iran and Iraq
• Rivalry over oil
• US supported
Describe the Cuban Revolution. / Causes of Cuban Revolution 1959
• 1. Political:
Ø Rule by Repressive Dictator
Ø Corruption and bribery of government officials.
2. Economic:
Ø Unequal distribution of wealth
Ø High unemployment
Ø Foreign influence by US
Result: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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What was the Bay of Pigs invasion? / • 1961--indecision, embarrassment for Kennedy.
• On April 17, 1961, about 1,500 CIA-trained Cuban exiles launched the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba
• ………………………………….. to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro
•
What was the Cuban Missile Crisis? / • Castro turns to …………………………………… for support
• The Soviet Union began to build ……………………………………. in Cuba
• Kennedy responds with Naval Blockade
• Soviet leader Nikita ………………………………. agreed to remove Soviet missiles from Cuba, and the U.S. agreed not to invade Cuba.
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The Collapse of the Soviet Union
Essential Question / Guided Notes / Additional NotesHow were tensions eased during the Cold War? / • Nixon and Brezhnev promoted a period of……………………………: lessening of tensions
• Involved ………………………………. and …………………….
• Cultural exchanges
• Trade agreements
•
Why did the Soviet Union invade Afghanistan? / • Détente ………………………….. with the invasion in 1979
• Wanted to ……………………………………………….. government
• Increased tensions
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What actions did Gorbachev take? / • 1985: Pulled troops out of Afghanistan
• Move away from …………………………………………………………
• Goal: Reformed government and economy
• Why?
• ………………………..problems leading to ……………………….. problems
• Communism failing as an economic system
• Underproduction/poor quality/ unable to motivate workers
•
What were perestroika and glasnost? / • …………………………………….:
• goal à restructure and stimulate the …………………………..
• ……………………………………. reforms
• Small privately owned businesses similar …………………………. NEP/local managers more decision making
• Negative effects: Inflation increased/ shortage of food
• ……………………………….
• Openness to democratic ideas
• Ended censorship and encouraged discussion
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How were Germany and Poland affected towards the end of the Cold War? / • 1989 …………………………………… torn down
• 1990 free elections in East and West Germany
• Unification of Germany in 1990
• Effects Of Reunification of Germany
• West German Economy hurt by reunification to modernize East Germany
• Major recession
• Poland
• Economic problems cause unrest
• ……………………………………………………: led workers Solidarity movement
• Became president after first free elections in 1989
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How was Eastern Europe transformed? / • Between 1989 to 1991 Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Albania, and Bulgaria held free elections.
• Romania overthrew and executed their brutal president Nicolae Ceausescu who refused to have free elections.
• In 1991 the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland joined NATO
• Chernobyl nuclear accident
• All eastern European nations as well as the Soviet Republics had great difficulty switching from communism to capitalism: high inflation and high unemployment.
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The Fall of the Soviet Union / Causes
• Leadership of Gorbachev
• Glasnost
• Perestroika
• Economic problems
• Freedom movements in Eastern Europe / Effects
• Loss of role as superpower
• End of Cold War
• Economic hardships
• Conflicts between democrats and communists
•
What happened after the collapse of the Soviet Union? / • 15 Republics are formed
• …………………………………………………………………………… (CIS)
• Boris Yeltsin Becomes President of Russia
• ‘………………………………………’ sharp switch from a command to a market economy
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Describe the rule of Boris Yeltsin. / • Transition from communism to ……………………………………
• Transition from communism to ……………………………………
• 1993/ 1994 hyperinflation 800%
• High unemployment
• Severe shortages/high crime
• 1991 War in Chechnya/demanded independence/rebel battles/still going on today
• 1999 Replaced by Putin/new president former KGB agent
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Describe the rule of Putin. / • Sought new relationships with West
• Signed nuclear arms reduction agreement with US