Genetics Review
1. DNA replication, mRNA transcription and protein translation – The flow of genetic information from DNA to protein (Referring to the codon table):
______Peptide Sequence
2. Make a mutation within the original sequence. Be any of the types of mutation: truncated DNA, deletion, inversion, point mutation etc, as long as the DNA sequence is changed.
______Peptide Sequence
3. Does a mutation in the gene always result in a change in the peptide sequence?
4. The following sequences are from the hemolytic factors from a group of bacteria. Design a 5 base single strand DNA probe that can recognize Streptococcus pyogenes specifically.
5’ ______3’
Clostridium perfringens 5’-ATTCGGTACAATGCCAACGGTATTCCTTATC-3’
Enterococcus faecalis 5’-ACAGTTACTGGTGCCAACGGTATTCCTTATC-3’
Streptococcus viridans 5’-AAATCCAGTATTGCCAACGGTATTCCTTATC-3’
Streptococcus agalactiae 5’-ATCTCCAGTATTGCCAACGGTATTCCTTATC-3’
Streptococcus pyogenes 5’-ATTATCTTCGATGCCAACGGTATTCCTGCTC-3’
Streptococcus pneumoniae 5’-ACCGTGGCAACTGCCAACGGTATTCCTACAC-3’
5. The restriction map of part of Staphylococcus aureus chromosome using enzyme Hinc II is shown (simulation) as genotype A. A mutation resulted from transformation changes it togenotype B. A probe is labeled with GFP is shown complimentary to common sequences. What is the expected results of electrophoresis?
A
B
6. The figre shows the results of PCR using multiple primers containing the ones flanking the conserved region of the antibiotic reistance gene of MRSA. Which sample(s) containing MRSA?
7. The following is the result from Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) study of 6 different Anthrax strains. Throughout the chromosome, there are single nucleotide differences among different strains, which can be detected using DNA microarray or a new technique called micro sequencing. Without getting into technical details, nucleotide identities at 8 locations along the bacterial chromosome are shown.
Which strain is identical to the sample from the crime victim?
Sample 1: Sverdlovsk strain;
Sample 2: Gruinard Island strain
Sample3: Sipco strain
Sample 4: Avirulent variant 4
Sample 5: Ames
Sample 6: 6445/RA3
Sample 7: 6445 / RA4
1. / If a DNA sample contains 13% adenine, what percentage of the sample contains cytosine?A. / 13%
B. / 37%
C. / 26%
D. / 74%
2. / One of the rules about DNA structure states that
A. / A + T = G + C.
B. / A + G = T + C.
C. / A = G, T = C.
D. / A = C, T = G.
3. / If a species contains 23% A in its DNA, what is the percentage of guanine it would contain?
A. / 23%
B. / 46%
C. / 25%
D. / 44%
E. / 27%
4. / The amount of adenine is always equal to the amount of ______in DNA.
A. / cytosine
B. / uracil
C. / guanine
D. / thymine
E. / ATP
5. / The model of DNA proposed by Watson and Crick
A. / combined many of the findings of other researchers also studying DNA such as Rosalind Franklin and Chargaff.
B. / showed the double helix nature of the molecule.
C. / presented a molecule with sugar-phosphate backbones on the outside and paired bases on the inside.
D. / All of the choices are correct.
6. / Replication of DNA is
A. / semiconservative.
B. / requires the unwinding of the double helix.
C. / involves new complementary nucleotides forming base pairs and then joining to form new strands.
D. / All of the choices are correct.
7. / After the DNA repair enzymes complex has completed its function, approximately how many base-pairs are still improperly matched?
A. / 1 in 10,000
B. / 1 in 100,000
C. / 1 in 1,000,000
D. / 1 in 10,000,000
E. / 1 in a billion
8. What is needed for DNA synthesis in vitro?
A. DNA template B. Primer
C. dNTP D. DNA polymerase
E. All of the above
9. What is needed for RNA synthesis in vitro?
A. DNA template B. Primer
C. NTP D. RNA polymerase
E. All of the above