Cells & Microbiology Textbook Review Answers
Pg. E35:
1.mitochondrion
2.nucleus
3.chloroplast
4.cell wall
5.cell membrane
6.Unicellular – consists of a single cell; Multicellular – consists of many cells
7.Cell – basic unit of life; Organelle – small structures in many cells
8.Prokaryote – organism whose cells don’t have a nucleus; Eukaryote – organism whose cells have a nucleus
9.Tissue – a group of similar cells that perform a particular function; Organ – contains different types of tissues that work together to do a particular function
10.D
11.B
12. C
13.A
14.B
15.C
16.All living things are made up of cells; they develop & grow; they respond to the environment; can reproduce
17.All living things need energy, materials, and living space
Pg. E36:
25.Cytoplasm – both; Nucleus – both; Central Vacuole – plant; chloroplast – plant; Mitochondrion - both
Pg. E37:
1.B
2.C
3.B
4.A
5.D
Pg. E67:
1.Nucleic Acid
2.Chemical Reaction
3.Chemical Energy
4.Fermentation
5.Photosynthesis
6.Glucose
7.Chlorophyll
8.Osmosis
9.Active & Passive Transport; Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
10.Passive Transport – uses no energy; Active Transport – requires energy; Both – move materials through a membrane
11.A
12.D
13.B
14.B
15.D
16.C
17.D
18. All the chemical reactions in a cell take place in water
19.They map how to make new cells
20. It captures energy from the sun. The energy is used to change raw materials into glucose.
21.It loses water to the salt water, which has lower concentration of water than the carrot does
22.Plants get their energy from the Sun through photosynthesis. Animals get their energy from the food they eat.
Pg. E68:
25.carbon dioxide & water; oxygen & sugar
26.oxygen & sugar; carbon dioxide & water
27.Photosynthesis & cellular respiration can cycle into each other
28.Osmosis: no, yes; Active Transport: yes, no; Passive Transport: no, yes
Pg. E95:
1.Interphase is the longest phase of the cell cycle.
2.Cytokinesis which is the division of cytoplasm, occurs immediately after mitosis.
3.Chromosomes consist of compacted DNA.
4.Offspring come from parents.
5.D
6.A
7.D
8.C
9.B
10.D
11.C
12.D
13.D
14.A
15.B
16.During animal mitosis, a fiber ring contracts in the center of the dividing cells. In plants, a rigid cell wall is built between the 2 daughter cells.
17.During Interphase, the cell grows, performs normal life activities, & duplicates its DNA.
Pg. E96:
19.Cells divide when it is necessary for an organism to grow larger. Cells also divide to repair cells that have been damaged or cells that die.
27.D, A, B, C
28.The 1st drawing would show a cell in interphase, so the DNA should be in a threadlike mass instead of in chromosomes. The 2nd drawing should show 2 separate daughter cells.
29.The model should include the 4 phases of mitosis.
Pg. E97:
1.D
2.C
3.D
4.A
5.B
6.B
Pg. E125:
6.D
7.A
8.C
9.B
10.D
11.D
12.A
13.C
14.C
15.D
16.Nutrition is the study of nutrients, such as proteins & carbohydrates, that keep your body heathy.
17.Pathogens are agents that cause disease. Ex: bacteria, viruses, yeasts, fungi, & protists.
18.When an antibiotic is used too often, bacteria can develop resistance to it.
Pg. E127:
1.C
2.D
3.C
4.A
5.B
6.C
Pg. E159:
1.Binary Fission is a method of reproduction in single-celled organisms. SENT. – Bacteria reproduce by a process called binary fission.
2.Producers are a type of bacteria that transforms energy from sunlight in to energy that is used by the cell. SENT. -Producers in Earth’s oceans provide oxygen for animals to breathe.
3.A virus is a particle that contains genetic material surrounded by a capsid. SENT. – Viruses cause diseases such as smallpox & polio.
4.Host cells are cells infected by a virus. SENT. – Bacteria are host cells for bacteriophages.
5.Archaea & bacteria are both single-celled organisms w/o nuclei.
6.A microorganism is a type of organism that is very small & can only be seen with a microscope.
7.Decomposers get energy by breaking down dead or decaying material.
8.Protists include all organisms with nuclei that are not plants, animals, or fungi.
9.A
10.C
11.D
12.B
13.C
14.C
15.D
16.B
Pg. E161
1.D
2.C
3.A
4.D
5.A
6.B