Reading For Results, 12th edition
Answer Key, Chapter 7
Exercise 1
1. b
2. a
3. e
4. d
5. c
6. f
Exercise 2
1.
1. Answers will vary – How does the the Fijian’s sense of community lead to a preference for plumpness?
2. 2,3,4
3. No
2.
1. What conclusions did Ebbinghaus arrive at? How have they been confirmed?
2. 3,4,5,6
3. No
Exercise 3
1. Main Idea:
There is some evidence that the problem of adolescents physically attacking their parents is not as unusual as we would like to think.
Supporting Details:
1. Children who abuse their parents are likely to do between the ages of 13 and 24, but boys are somewhat more likely to be abusive than girls.
- Boys’ violence increases with age perhaps because their strength increases
- Girls’ decreases perhaps because society is critical of aggression in girls.
- Mother seems to be a primary target
2. Only parental abuse that’s received attention is of the elderly.
- Can be by neglect or abuse
- 500,000 physically abused
-- Much of it unreported
- Causes unknown
2. Main Idea:
First impressions have long-term effects that can work for or against us.
Supporting Details:
1. Once we form an impression of someone, we tend to stick with it and ignore what contradicts the first impression.
- Once an employer has a good impression, he or she asks questions that help confirm the initial impression.
- Just the opposite happens with the “devil effect.”
- If a person didn’t make a good impression, then even positive information gets a negative spin, “You got straight As. Well school shouldn’t be just about grades.”
Sharpening your skills
1. C
2. C
3. Major
The paragraph tells us why risk-taking is the subject of study: because it plays a role in all walks of life.
4. Major
The paragraph tells readers more about what the researchers mentioned in the thesis statement are trying to find out.
5. Major
The paragraph adds to the idea expressed in the thesis statement. Understanding risk-taking is no “simple” matter.”
6. It’s a signal to readers that the writer, having described the positive side of risk-taking is moving on to the less positive side.
7. Major
Paragraph 7 refers to the point made in paragraph 6, but it uses the reference to introduce a new point about risk-taking: why an interest in high-risk sports is increasing.
8. Risk-taking can offer big advantages in that it allows us to push for change and do new things. But the need for risk can become like a drug and people become addicted to risk-taking as a way of avoiding boredom. In other words, it becomes compulsive.
9. (1) “Studies now indicate that the inclination to take high risks may be hardwired into the brain” (paragraph 3).
(2) Researchers don’t yet know precisely how a risk-taking impulse arises from within or what role is played by environmental factors, from upbringing to the culture at large (paragraph 5).
10. The inability or unwillingness to handle everyday life.
Using Context Clues: Traditional, typical, usual
TEST 1
1. Start checking to see if there is a thesis statement that matches your main idea. Look to see if information in the reading supports your sense of the overall main idea. If there is no thesis statement that matches and no support from the reading as a whole, re-think your choice of the main idea.
2. Look for the first supporting detail to be in the first paragraph.
3. Look for it in the second paragraph.
4. Look to see how the general and specific sentences connect in the reading and identify any chains of repetition and reference.
5. They will introduce and support the main idea expressed in the thesis statement.
6. One major or minor detail can take up an entire paragraph in a longer reading.
7. You have to evaluate their importance to your understanding of the overall main idea.
8. At the beginning of the first sentence in the new paragraph
9. Category words
10. Indenting is a way of indicating the relationship between ideas.
TEST 2
1.
1. A
2. Controversy
3. Controversy
4. What are the two sides of the controversy about the meical use of marijuana?
2.
1. b
2. Consequences
3. No
Paragraph 3 is less about the consequences and more about how vicitms respond to the disease.
4. There is a change of direction coming up, but the author is still talking about the same group discussed in paragraph 3
TEST 3
1.
1. a
2. c
The paragraph has already said that even farmers could now afford a car. This question just emphasizes that point
3. c
a
It’s major because it explains how ford was able to make the cars so affordable.
4. a
a
It’s a major detail because it clarifies how he maximized efficiency to make his cars affordable.
2.
1. b
2. c
a
The thesis statement says old-fashioned remedies are making a comeback, and this is one of the remedies referred to.
3. a
a
The main idea says that old-fashioned methods are making a comeback, and this is one of the old methods coming back into use.
4. c
a
This is another old-fashioned method that is returning to use.
TEST 4
1. hierarchy
2. verify
3. ingenuity
4. ecology
5. alliance
6. compatibility
7. proponents
8. foundation
9. colonial
10. incidence