Membrane Structure
1. Cell membranes of unicellular organisms are ______so the organism can move.
2. What is meant by homeostasis?
3. Homeostasis is also called ______.
4. Give 7 functions of the plasma membrane.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
5. What is meant by the term selectively permeable?
6. Fluid inside the cell is called ______.
7. A ______bilayer makes up most of the cell membrane.
8. Are phospholipids heads polar or nonpolar?the tails?
9. How many fatty acid chains are in a phospholipid?
10. The ______describes the appearance of the cell membrane.
11. Why is the cell membrane said to act like a fluid?
12. What causes the mosaic pattern of the cell membrane when viewed from above?
13. The phospholipid ______of the cell membrane allows ______molecules to pass through easily, but ______do NOT.
14. Materials soluble in ______can pass easily through the cell membrane.
15. Because the cell membrane is ______, only ______molecules and larger ______molecules can move through easily.
16. List 3 substances that pass easily through the cell membrane.
17. ______, ______molecules larger than water, and large ______molecules do NOT move easily through the phospholipids of the cell membrane.
Types of Membrane Transport
18. Simple ______requires NO energy to move things across the cell membrane.
19. With simple diffusion, molecules move from an area of ______concentration to an area of ______concentration.
20.Why is diffusion considered a passive process?
21. With diffusion, molecules move by their own natural ______energy or energy of motion.
22. When solutes diffuse through a membrane, they move from ______to ______concentration.
23. ______is the diffusion of ______across a cell membrane.
24. If water potential is HIGH, solute concentration is ______.
25. If water potential is LOW, solute concentration is ______.
26. Water moves from ______water potential to ______water potential.
27. Water diffuses through the pores called ______of the cell membrane.
28. An isotonic solution has ______solute concentration with cell.
29. What is meant by NO NET movement?
30. Hypotonic solutions have ______solute concentration than a cell.
31. Hypertonic solutions have ______solute concentration than a cell.
32. Complete the following table:
Direction of OsmosisEnvironmental Condition / Net Movement of water / What happens to cell
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Isotonic
33. ______occurs whenever water moves into the cells causing them to swell and burst.
34. ______occurs whenever water moves out of a cell & the cell shrinks in size.
35. Explain what happens to a red blood cell placed in:
a. distilled water
b. a concentrated salt solution
36. Complete the following drawings.
37. Plants prefer ______environments, while animal cells do best in ______environments.
38. Passive transport does ______require additional energy & moves materials from ______to______concentration.
39. Give 2 examples of passive transport in cells.
40. ______diffusion is a type of ______transport because energy is NOT required.
41. Facilitated diffusion uses ______proteins to help move materials from ______to ______concentrations.
42. Name 2 materials that move into or out of cells by facilitated diffusion.
43. Name 2 types of transport proteins found in cell membranes.
44. Channel proteins have an opening or ______through which molecules can passively move by ______diffusion.
45. Do all carrier proteins extend across the cell membrane?
46. Explain how these carrier proteins move materials across the membrane.
47. Some carrier proteins can change ______to move materials across the cell membrane.
48. ______transport requires additional energy to move materials.
49. Active transport uses cellular energy known as ______.
50. Active transport moves materials AGAINST the concentration gradient or from ______to ______concentration.
51. The ______pump is an example of active transport.
52. The sodium-potassium pump moves ______sodium ions out for every ______potassium ions moved into the cell creating voltage across the cell called the ______potential.
53. Moving very large particles out of the cell is called ______.
54. In exocytosis, wastes are moved out of the cell in ______that fuse with the cell membrane.
55. ______involves moving large particles into the cell.
56. Taking in large liquid droplets is called ______or "cell drinking".
57. ______endocytosis involves protein ______recognizing hormones to help move them into the cell.
58. Give 2 examples of molecules that enter the cell this way.
67. "Cell eating" is known as ______.
68. White blood cells engulfing bacteria is an example of ______.
69. ______is the opposite of exocytosis.
70. Label the plasma membrane parts below with the following terms: protein, channel protein, carbohydrate chains, hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails, plasma membrane