Reading 7 Name:
Practice Final Exam
Part I: Reading techniques. Answer the following questions: 1 point each.
1. What is one thing you can do while you read to help you identify important points?
Write notes; circle new words; highlight important words / phrases.
2. Why does our textbook recommend that we write questions about a reading before we read it?
To prepare your mind to learn; to prepare for quizzes.
Read the short passages below and answer the questions that follow. All excerpts taken from Fast Food Nation, by Eric Schlosser.
1)"Influencing elementary school students is very important to soft drink marketers," an article in the January 1999 issue of the journal Beverage Industry explained, "because children are still establishing their tastes and habits." 2) Eight-year olds are considered ideal customers because they have about 65 years of purchasing in front of them. 3) "Entering the schools makes perfect sense," the trade journal concluded.
3. Paraphrase Sentence 2.
Since an 8-year-old child will continue to consume products for another 65 years, marketers consider them to be perfect customers.
4. Which is a better inference about Sentence 3?
___“The trade journal believes that schools should be protected from advertisements.”
___“The journal believes that advertisements should be allowed everywhere.”
1) The fast food chains also benefit enormously when children drink more soda. 2) The chicken nuggets, hamburgers, and other main courses sold usually have the lowest profit margins. 3) Today McDonald's sells more Coca-Cola than anyone else in the world.
5. Choose the better paraphrase of Sentence 2.
a) The least profitable items that fast food restaurants sell are the
main dishes.
b) The main dishes of fast food are nuggets made of chicken and
hamburger sandwiches.
6. Summarize the entire passage. Sodas are very profitable for fast-food companies - and they sell a lot of sodas.
1) These sodas provide “empty” calories – calories without nutrition – and have replaced far more nutritious beverages in the American diet. 2) Excessive soda consumption in childhood can lead to calcium deficiencies and a greater likelihood of bone fractures. 3) Twenty years ago, teenage boys in the U. S. drank twice as much milk as soda; now they drink twice as much soda as milk. 4) Soft drink consumption has even become commonplace among the nation’s toddlers. 5) About one-fifth of U.S. one- and two-year-olds now drink soda.
- How old is a “toddler,” according to the author? "one- and two-year-olds" are toddlers.
8. What do you think the author’s purpose could be in writing these passages? Definitely trying to informs us about surprising facts about soda, and possibly trying to persuade us to limit soda consumption for kids.
9. Make an inference about the author’s opinion of soda based on Sentence 1. I guess that he does not like soda for kids.
- Paraphrase Sentence 3. In the US, adolescent boys drank two times more milk than soda two decades ago. Now, those numbers are reversed.
Paraphrase, Vocabulary. Choose the best paraphrase of the given sentence.
- He hasn’t chosen a challenging career.
______His chosen job isn’t hard.
______His chosen job is difficult. - The dominant mood among the students was cheerful.
______Most student seemed to be happy.
______The most powerful students seemed to be happy. - There is a greater potential for accidents when teenagers drive alone.
______When teenagers drive without supervision, more accidents always happen.
______When teenagers drive without supervision, more accidents may happen. - If you train a dog in a certain way, sounds can trigger their behaviors.
______You can teach a dog to create sounds.
______You can control a dog’s actions with sound. - What is the composition of this chemical compound?
______What is this chemical mixture made of?
______Where did this chemical mixture come from? - They have genetically selected the racehorses to have certain attributes.
______The racehorses seem to be genetically modified.
______The racehorses have inherited certain traits. - You can control your phenotype to some extent.
______We can alter the ways our genes affect us by changing our environment.
______We can alter the ways our genes affect us by changing our genotype.
18. Some stressors are so damaging, their persistence is incompatible with life.
______Some stressors are annoying and do not stop.
______Some stressors can kill you.
19. Part II: Vocabulary. Choose 5 words from this box of AWL words. Write the word’s part of speech, then write as many other forms of the word as possible (such as a noun form, verb form, adverb form).
- Part of speech:
Other word forms:
- Part of speech:
Other word forms: - Part of speech:
Other word forms: - Part of speech:
Other word forms: - Part of speech:
Other word forms:
Paraphrase the sentences below. Use the given AWL word in your new sentence. You can change the part of speech, change between plural and singular, change verb form, and so on.
target
Soda companies try to advertise directly to children by putting ads in schools.
Your paraphrase: Children are targeted by soft drink advertising.
exposure
We now may meet people from ten different countries every day, so we are experiencing different cultures constantly.
Your paraphrase: We are exposed to new cultures every day.
emphasis
The instructor has focused on this point constantly.
Your paraphrase: Our professor has repeatedly emphasized this issue.
- Why should a reader be able to distinguish between a fact and an opinion as they read? How will this skill help them? It's important to know what is real and what is not! We will make better decisions for our life that way, and we won't be influenced without knowing it.
2. In Reading 7, you are often asked to answer a question and to “show support.” What does “support” mean here? How do you show support in your answers, and why? "Support" mans to give quotations or examples directly from a lecture or reading. To support with a quote, write the EXACT words that appear in a reading, put quotation marks around them, and give the page number of the original.
- Write 5 AWL words. Use each in a sentence.
- Name your favorite chapter from Funny in Farsi and explain why.
- Who is the audience for Funny in Farsi?
- Name three ways the Iranian Revolution affected Firoozeh's familly.
- Explain all chapter titles from Funny in Farsi.
- Explain the last two sentences of Funny in Farsi.
- How do you format a quote? Why should you use a quote?
- What are two important purposes a writer could have?
- Listed below are cited sources from Selection #2. Match each cited source with the correct theory, study or ideas associated with the researchers. You will need to read the paragraph in the box below the table in order to do this.
Cited Sources / Letter Match / Associated Research Theme
1. Tulving, 1993 / Implicit memory and …
A. depression
B. ads
C. amnesia
D. depression
E. self concept
F. prejudice
G. problem solving
2. Jacoby, Marriot, & Collins, 1990
3. Nelson, 1993
4. Duke & Carlson, 1993
Psychologists are now studying the role of implicit memory (and disassociations between explicit and implicit memory) in such important psychological phenomena as amnesia (Schacter, Church, & Treadwell, 1994; Tulving, 1993), depression (Elliot & Greene, 1992), problem solving (Jacoby, Marriot, & Collins, 1990), prejudice and stereotyping (Fiske, 1998), the development of self-concept in childhood (Nelson, 1993), and even the power of ads to associate brand names with good feelings (Duke & Carlson, 1993). The results of these studies shed new light on implicit memory and how it operates in the real world. (Source: Bernstein et al, 2000)
Busting Small-Business Myths
When considering a new business venture, every entrepreneur receives lots of well-meaning advice from friends and associates. Much of it is daunting, and if you’re not well-armed with facts, it’s easy to become discouraged. Mistaken notions can be repeated endlessly until they are accepted as “facts.” Fortunately, recent research sets the record straight on four common myths about small businesses. In this section, we’ll look at the realities of small-business failure, small companies as low wage payers, health care and the small business, and the impact small companies have on their local economies.
Outline A / Outline B / Outline CBusting Small Business Myths
I. Intro
A. Some commonly repeated “facts” aren’t true
B. research gives facts
C. Preview of 4 myths
II. Business Failure
III. Low wages
IV. Health care
V. Local economies / I. Busting small-business myths
A. failure
B. low wages
C. health care
D. local economies / I. Intro
A. Businesspeople get advice
B. Advice not true
C. Research gives facts
II. Small Business Failure
A. Low wages and small companies
B. Health care and small business
C. Local economies and small companies
B is the best choice for an outline -- notice that the reading is only one paragraph long, and both Outline A and C are for longer readings.
Paraphrase. Write a paraphrase for each of these sentences. First, break the idea down. Simplify the language as much as possible.
Original sentence: “Mendel concluded that offspring randomly receive one member of every pair of genes from the mother and one from the father.” (College Reading page 200)
Original sentence: “While the notion of an African origin of the human family has grown to be accepted by most scientists, the details of how Eve’s ancestors swept out of Africa to populate the rest of the world have remained murky.” (College Reading page 219)