Name: ______Date: ______Per: ______

PHYSIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE

PART 1

Intro to Physiology/Integumentary System

  1. What is the level of organization of the human body from smallest to largest?
  1. Name and describe the function of the four types of tissue

a)

b)

c)

  1. What is an organ?
  1. List the body cavities from the top down.

a)Circle the cavity where the heart is found.

b)Underline the cavity where your stomach is located.

c)Star the cavity that holds your brain.

  1. Describe the function of each part of the integumentary system

a)Skin-

b)Nails-

c)Hair-

  1. In what layer of the skin is pigment found?
  2. In what layer are your nerve endings, hair follicles, and blood vessels found?
  3. In what layer are the fat cells?
  4. What two types of glands are found in the dermis layer?

a)

b)

Homeostasis

  1. Define Homeostasis.
  1. What are feedback mechanisms?
  1. In a negative feedback loop, a secondary substance ______production of the first substance.
  1. In a positive feedback loop, a secondary substance ______production of the first substance.
  1. Explain one example of a positive feedback mechanism and one example of a negative feedback mechanism.

a)Positive feedback example:

b)Negative feedback example:

  1. Look at the diagram to the right. a) Is this an example of negative feedback or positive feedback?

Nervous and Endocrine System

  1. What is the function of the nervous system?
  1. a) Draw a neuron. b) Label the axon, dendrite, the nucleus, and the axon terminal.
  1. What structures make up the central nervous system?
  1. Name the organ/structure that links the central nervous system with the peripheral nervous system.

Describe the relationship between the central nervous system with the peripheral nervous system.

  1. What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?
  1. Motor division consists of two systems. The autonomic nervous system is voluntary/involuntary (circle one) while the somatic nervous system is voluntary/involuntary (circle one).
  1. The autonomic/somatic system(circle one) is responsible for controlling structures such as glands and smooth muscle.
  1. Fill in the blanks.

a)sensory – receives and relays input from sense receptors and ______.

b)______– carries impulses between ______and motor neurons.

c)______– relays instructions from the CNS to muscles and ______.

  1. Identify the five types of sensoryneurons and what each is responsible for “sensing”.

a)

b)

c)

d)

e)

  1. Define action potential.
  1. What is a neurotransmitter?
  1. Describe how one neuron passes information/electrical impulses to the next neuron.
  1. What is the function of the endocrine system?
  1. Both the nervous and endocrine system are types of ______systems.
  1. Describe two ways the nervous system is different from the endocrine system?

a)

b)

  1. What is the relationship between glands and hormones?
  1. The endocrine system uses ______signals while the nervous system uses______signals.
  1. a) What organ secretes a hormone to regulate your metabolism.

c) What hormones are produced by the pancreas?

d) What is the role of the pituitary gland?

Muscular and Skeletal System

  1. What is the function of the skeletal system?
  2. What is ossification?
  3. What is a joint and what role do ligaments have in joints?
  4. What is the function of the muscular system?
  1. List the three types of muscle and what each does. Star the muscle types that are involuntary.

a)

b)

c)

  1. a) What two proteins make up a muscle fiber?

b) What is a z-line and a sarcomere?

c) Explain how a muscle contracts.