From,
DR. RAYANNA. NAIKAR
I M.D
Dept. of Dravyaguna
Shri Shivayogeeshwar Rural Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital
INCHAL. Dist-Belgaum
To,
THE REGISTRAR
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka
Bangalore
Through,
THE PRINCIPAL & H.O.D. OF DRAVYAGUNA
Shri Shivayogeeshwar Rural Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital
INCHAL. Dist-Belgaum
Respected Sir,
Sub: Submission of proforma for registration of subject for Dissertation.
I humbly request you to kindly register the below subject against my name for submission of dissertation to Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore for the partial fulfillment of M.D. (Ayu)
Title of Dissertation
“EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF ATISARAGHNA (ANTI DIARRHOEAL) EFFECT OF LODHRA (Symplocos Racemosa Roxb.)”
Here I am enclosing completed proforma for registration of subject for dissertation.
Thanking you,
Date : 27-04-2012 Yours faithfully
Place : INCHAL (Dr. Rayanna. Naikar)
RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCE, KARNATAKA, BANGALORE
ANNEXURE II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION
1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE : DR.RAYANNA.NAIKAR
ADDRESS S/O KASHAPPA.NAIKAR
MRITYUNJAY NAGAR
BAILHONGAL. PIN-591102
DIST- BELGAUM
2. NAME OF THE INSTITUTION: SHRI SHIVAYOGEESHWAR RURAL
AYURVEDIC MEDICAL COLLEGE AND
HOSPITAL, INCHAL- 591102
DIST- BELGAUM
3. COURSE OF STUDY : AYURVEDA VACHASPATI
AND SUBJECT M.D. DRAVYAGUNA.
4. DATE OF ADMISSION : NOVEMBER- 2011.
5. TITLE OF THE TOPIC :
“EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF ATISARAGHNA (ANTI DIARRHOEAL) EFFECT OF LODHRA (Symplocos Racemosa Roxb.)”
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6. Brief resume of the intended work:
6.1 Need for the study:
The Indian system of medicine Ayurveda is the best available health care system. Plant based medicaments have been man’s prime therapeutic weapons to rescue from disease. Pharmacological properties of medicinal plants are very much use full in developing modern therapeutic agents.
Ayurveda is a chikista shastra that maintains “swasthya of swastha person & cures vikarasa of atura” (1). Existence of all most all diseases begins with agnimandya.” Rogaha sarve api mandagnou”( 2).
Diarrhoea is defined as increase of volume, frequency or fluidity of stool (3). Diarrhoea may be further defined as acute if <2 weeks, persistent if 2-4 weeks, and chronic if >4 weeks in duration. Worldwide, acute infectious diarrhoea accounts for more than 5 to 8 million deaths each year in children less than age 5, especially in developing nations, where acute infectious diarrhoea is a major cause of protein calorie malnutrition & dehydration(4). Diarrhoea is a major health problem in a society.
Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa Roxb.) is commonly used for Sandhana karma (5) and as Raktha Stambhaka . It is useful in cases like fractures & menstrual disorders specially in menorrhagia, metrorrhagia and leucorrhea.
It is our moral responsibility to search for an ideal remedy from the Ayurvedic treasure of therapeutics. There are many Atisaraghna drugs described in Ayurvedic literature, according to Susrutacharya one among them is Lodhra (6). Lodhra has kashaya (Astringent) rasa, which does sthambhana karma (7). In the present study an attempt will be made to evaluate the anti diarrhoeal efficacy of Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa Roxb.)-Symplocaceae family as an experimental study.
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6.2 Review of literature:
In Ayurveda, Atisara is defined as “bahudrava mala pravarutti from the guda” by Madavakara(8). Susrutacharya mentioned that atisara is a severe disease (9). Atisara is one of the diseases of mandagni.
Bhavaprakasha mentioned that, Lodhra is having the properties like kashaya rasa, ruksha guna, sheet veerya & cures Atisara (10). Lodhra is included in Lodhradhi & Ambastadi varga according to Vagbhataacharya(11).
Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa Roxb.) belongs to family- Symplocaceae, it is found in the plains & hills throughout North & East India. It is a small , ever green tree, up to 6m tall, bark dark grey, rough. Leaves elliptic oblong or eliotic; lanceolate,9-18 x 3-5cms, serrulate or obscurely crenate, rarely entire, glabrous and dark green above, pubescent beneath. Flowers white , fading yellow, in simple axillary racemes. Fruit (drupe) oblong, 1-1.3 cm long, purplish black when ripe, crowned with persistent calyx. The phytochemical action of Lodhra bark is astringent, refrigerant, expectorant, anti-inflammatory, constipating, and haemostatic. It is useful in conditions like diarrhoea, dysentery, menorrhagia & in skin diseases (12).
Previous work done:
1. Suja G.Nair. - Evaluation of Anti inflammatory effect of Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa Roxb.) an experimental study, RGUHS. Bangalore. 2003
2. Radhika.S.M. - Evaluation of Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa Roxb.) twak for mehaghna activity w.s.r to hyperglycemia- experimental study, RGUHS Bangalore. 2009
6.3 Aims and objectives of the study :
1) Pharmocognostic study, Phytochemical study, Physicochemical study and Qualitative analysis of Lodhra.
2) To evaluate the atisaraghna (anti diarrhoeal) effect of Lodhra twak churna in castor oil induced diarrhoea.
3) To compare atisaraghna (anti diarrhoeal) action of test drug (Lodhra twak churna) with Negative control and standard treat
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7. Materials and Methods :
7.1 Source of Data
1. Literary source: Will be collected from Classical texts, Contemporary books, Scientific
Journals , Monographs, Modern sciences etc.
2. Source of drug: The trial drug will be collected from area where it is available abundantly
and identification will be confirmed by botanist.
3. Preparation: Lodhra twak churna is prepared as per the classical references.
4. Experimental source:
Ø Standard Anti diarrhoeal drug will be obtained from recognized pharmaceutical laboratory. (Loperamide).
Ø Healthy Wistar albino rats will be selected for experiment and maintained in the animal house.
5. Place of work: Department of Dravyaguna, S S R Ayurvedic Medical College and hospital,
Inchal and a Pharmacy college of recognized Institute.
7.2 Method of collection of data:
Study Design:
a) Pharmocognostic study of Lodhra b) Phytochemical study of Lodhra
c) Physicochemical study of Lodhra d) Qualitative analysis of Lodhra
e) Experimental study
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Schedule of Experiment
a) Sample: Healthy Wistar albino rats weighing between 180-200 grams of either sex will be procured and maintained in laboratory condition with normal diet & water adlibitum for 7 days.
b) Grouping
1 / Sample / 36 Wistar albino rats of either sex are selected randomly2 / Inclusion criteria / Healthy albino rats, Weight : 180-200 g
3 / Exclusion criteria / Others which does not fulfill above condition
4 / Grouping / Each group having 6 rats, kept in separate cage.
1. Normal control group - Saline will be given.
2. Negative control (Castor oil).
3. Standard group - Loperamide will be given.
4. Lodhra twak churna low dose.
5. Lodhra twak churna medium dose.
6. Lodhra twak churna high dose.
5 / Procedure / Animals were divided into 6 groups (n=6), animals were fasted for 18 hours before drug administration by providing water adlibitum. All the groups of animals will be administered with of low, medium, high dose of Lodhra bark powder. After 1 hour of treatment animals will be challenged with 1ml of castor oil orally except normal controlled group. The consistency of fecal material & frequency of defecation will be observed for individual rats up to 6 hours (13).
6 / Duration of study / One day
7. Dosage: The dose is converted from human dose to animal dose according to the conversion formula, rat dose/kg body weight = human dose x 0.018 x 5
8. Observation: The consistency of fecal material & frequency of defecation will be observed for individual rats up to 6 hours.
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9. Data obtained: Will be analyzed by one way ANOVA ± SEM using Tukey’s multiple comparison test.
7.3 Does the study require any investigations or interventions to be conducted on patients or humans or animals? If so, please describe briefly:
Yes, all experiments will be conducted on Wistar albino rats of either sex that are maintained on standard laboratory conditions, food and water.
Statistical analysis: Data obtained will be subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA test.
7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3?
Yes, obtained and certificate enclosed.
8. List of references:
1. Agnivesa, revised by Charaka,and Drdhabala, Charaka Samhitha, Sutrasthana, chapter 30th
shloka 26, Vidyadhar Shukla and Ravidutta Tripathi. Reprint edition. Delhi: Chaukamba
Sanskrit pratishthan; 2006. P.447
.
2. Acharya Vagbhata, Astang hriday, Nidana sthana, chapter 12th, shloka 1, Sarvangasundara
Commentary of Arunadatta & ayurveda rasayana of Hemadri, editor Pandit Harisadashiva.
Varanasi: Chaukhamba sanskrita sansthan;2009. P.513
3. API text book of medicine, chap 10th, Siddarth N. Shah, M. Paul Anand edi, 17th edi, Mumbai:
The association of physicians of India;2003. P.547.
4. Harrison, Principles of Internal Medicine, Vol I, Chap 42nd , Antony S. Fauci (et al) edi, 14th
;1998. P.237.
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5. Agnivesa, revised by Charaka,and Drdhabala, Charaka Samhitha, Sutrasthana, chapter 4th,
shloka 38, Vidyadhar Shukla and Ravidutta Tripathi. Reprint edition. Delhi: Chaukamba
Sanskrit pratishthan; 2006. P.72.
6. Acharya Susruta, Susruta samhita, Uttar Tantra, Chap 40th, Shloka 70, Edited by Kaviraja
Ambikadatta Shastri. Reprint edition, Varanasi: Chaukhamba sanskrita sansthan; 1997.P.222.
7. Agnivesa, revised by Charaka,and Drdhabala, Charaka Samhitha, Sutrasthana, chapter 26th,
shloka 43, Vidyadhar Shukla and Ravidutta Tripathi. Reprint edition. Delhi: Chaukamba
Sanskrit pratishthan; 2006. P. 371.
8. Sri Madavakar, Madava nidan, Vol 1 , Purvarda, Chap 3rd ,Vijayaraksita and Srikant datta, Dr.
Brahmananda Tripathi edi, Varanasi ; Chaukhamba surbharati prakashan; 2007. P.193.
9. Acharya Susruta, Susruta samhita, Uttar Tantra , Chap 40th , Shloka 6, Edited by Kaviraja
Ambikadatta Shastri. Reprint edition, Varanasi: Chaukhamba sanskrita sansthan;1997. P.212.
10.Shri BhavaMishra, Bhava prakash nighantu, Haritakyadi varga, Shloka 216, , Dr.G.S Pandey.
Reprint edition .Varanasi: Chaukhamba bharati academy; 1998 .P.128.
11.Acharya Vruddha Vagbhata, Astanga Sangraha, sutrasthana Vagbhata, chap 16th ,Shloka18
30,By Prof.K.R Srikantha. Marthy. Reprint edition. Varanasi: Chaukhamba orientalia; 2002.P.313 &315.
12. P C Sharma, M B Yelne,T J Deenis, Data Base on Medicinal plants used in Ayurveda, vol 5
New Delhi :Centralcounil for research in Ayurveda & Siddha, 2008.P.164.
13.Dr.Pulok.K.Mukharjee, Quality control of Herbal Drugs, Chapter1,Reprint edition New
Delhi: Business Horizons; 2010.P.538
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9. Signature of the candidate :
(Dr. RAYANNA.NAIKAR)
10. Remarks of the Guide :
11. Names and Designation of :
11.1 Guide : DR. VAMSI KRISHNA K. GURJALA, M.D (AYU)
Professor& HOD
Dept. of DRAVYA GUNA
Shri Shivayogeeshwar Rural Ayurvedic
Medical College & Hospital, Inchal- 591102
11.2 Signature :
11.3 Co-Guide : DR. SHREEDEVI HUDDAR, M.D. (AYU)
Asst. Professor.
Dept. of DRAVYA GUNA
Shri Shivayogeeshwar Rural Ayurvedic
Medical College & Hospital, Inchal- 591102
11.4 Signature :
11.5 Head of the Department : DR. VAMSI KRISHNA K. GURJALA M.D (AYU)
Professor& HOD
Dept. of DRAVYA GUNA
Shri Shivayogeeshwar Rural Ayurvedic
Medical College & Hospital, Inchal- 591102
11.6 Signature :
12 Remarks of Chairman :
And Principal.
12.1 Signature :
Principal / C.M.O.
(Dr. G. Vinay Mohan)