ENG 1100 Paper 2 To be handed in at the IBA office by Nov 24 at 3.p.m.
- Comment on the difference in form and meaning between the two members of each of the pairs below.
1a It was too hot to walk up the hill.
b It was too strenuous to walk up the hill
2a He is not usually talkative.
b He is unusually talkative.
3a Not once did he offer to help.
b Once he didn’t offer to help.
4a Do you think something might happen to them on the way?
b Do you think anything might happen to them on the way?
5a We decided to run through the woods.
b We decided to run through the details.
6a A new law had been passed to combat the problem.
b A new law to combat the problem had been passed.
7a Clearly, this is something you should spell out.
b This is something you should have spelt out clearly.
8a Whose bin is it?
b Who’s been there?
9a She wanted to meet John, whom I think you know.
b She wanted to meet John, which I think you know.
10a It was nothing to worry about.
b There was nothing to worry about.
2 Reads the text below and answer the questions that follow.
Hamburgers and Hamlet
1Stratford-on Avon, as we all know, has only one industry – Will Shakespeare – but
there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal
Shakespeare Company, which presents superb productions of the plays at the
Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely 5 live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to gawk at Anne Hathaway’s
Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.
The worthy burghers of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue.
They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and
sandals and roistering habits. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that
10Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his
share of roistering
The tourists stream are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus – and
often take in WarwickCastle and BlenheimPalace on the side – don’t usually see the
plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the 15 playgoers do manage a little sightseeing along with their playgoing. It is the
playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the towns revenue because they
spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and
restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.
The townsfolk don’t see it this way and the borough council does not contribute
20directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor
traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be adorned with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Ban
queting Room and so forth, and will be very expensive.
25 Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs
a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last
year its 1,431 seats were 94 per cent occupied all year and this year they’ll do better.)The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.
It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young
30people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays,
not the sights. They all seem to look alike,(though they come from all over) – lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, munching their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office
31opens at 10.30 a.m.
From The Observer as reprinted in M. Swan: Inside Meaning, CUP
Questions:
- Write out in full one restrictive and one non-restrictive relative clause from this extract.
Explain why the one is restrictive and the other non-restrictive.
B Give a syntactic analysis of the underlined clause in lines 2-3. How does this clause
differ from the normal structure of there-sentences? What discourse function does this
example have?
C If you replace the verb doubt by claim in line 7, what other changes would you have to
make? Explain.
D Comment on the use of them in line 8. Is it grammatically correct? If not, what would
be an appropriate form? What is achieved by using this form here?
E What is the exact meaning of gawk? What does the writer convey by using this verb?
FWhat is the meaning/effect of do in line15?
GWhat is the meaning of the underlined sentence in lines 20-21? Suggest a syntactic
analysisthat would capture your meaning. Discuss any problems.
H What elements (tense, aspect, voice etc.) are included in the verb phrase: seems to be
adding in line 21.How would the meaning change if seems were to be left out?
I What linguistic features and cultural references have been exploited in the names in
line 23?
J Give a syntactic analysis of the underlined clause in line 28.
K In this extract the writer expresses a personal opinion about the conflict between RSC,
the theatre company, and the town of Stratford. Identify three expressions
(lexical words and/or grammatical options) which you feel signal that the writer has
‘intruded’ into the text, and given it his personal perspective.