Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
Key Terms – Matching
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
1. Cognitive
2. Psychology
3. Theory
4. Scientific method
5. Introspection
6. Psychoanalyst
7. Cognitive
8. Psychiatry
9. Sample
10. Case study
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
11. Longitudinal study
12. Correlation
13. Variable
14. Statistics
15. Normal curve
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
16. Hypothesis
17. Standard deviation
18. Developmental psychology
19. Maturation
20. Schema
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
21. Assimilation
22. Accommodation
23. Egocentric
24. Imprinting
25. Critical period
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
26. Gender identity
27. Stereotype
28. Androgynous
29. Ageism
30. Alzheimer’s disease
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
31. Central nervous system
32. Synapse
33. Hindbrain
34. Midbrain
35. Forebrain
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
36. Lobes
37. Endocrine system
38. Hormones
39. Heredity
40. Consciousness
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
41. Insomnia
42. Narcolepsy
43. Hypnosis
44. Biofeedback
45. Meditation
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
46. Sensation
47. Perception
48. Subliminal messages
49. Constancy
50. Addiction
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
Multiple Choice
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
51. What Psychologists use scientific methods to study
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
52. Type of Psychologists most interested in researching changes over time in human behavioral, emotional, and mental processes
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
53. Type of psychologist who might testify if the defendant fit the profile for the crime committed.
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
54. Dr. Clayton’s research is attempting to discover the function of the pineal gland in the brain. Dr. Clayton works in the subfield of ______psychology.
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
55. “The whole is greater than the sum of its parts,” is a belief proposed by which view of psychology
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
56. If you believe that a criminal’s behavior is mostly the result of unconscious conflicts within his mind, which historical psychologist should you choose to best elaborate on this idea
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
57. A philosopher who claims “one’s life is what one’s thoughts make it” would be stating a position most consistent with the ______approach to psychology.
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
58. Dr. Anderson studies how brain activity is related to depressed and anxious behavior in college students. Dr. Anderson probably takes the ______approach to psychology.
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
59. A commercial tells us to “Be all that you can be!” This statement most closely mirrors the philosophy of the ______approach.
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
60. The prediction that “bright colors will make people happier” is called a(n)
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
61. Dr. Sinha is conducting a research study in which she is interested in the effects of aerobic activity on weight loss. Aerobic activity is defined by 30 minutes of exercise on the treadmill, 3 times a week. This specific way of defining aerobic activity is referred to as a(n) ______definition.
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
62. To avoid bias and confounding variables in a controlled experiment, subjects should be assigned to either the experimental or control group by using this method/strategy
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
63. A researcher studied how freshmen adapt to high school by attending classes at the high school himself. Which research method was used?
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
64. Research topic that would lend itself best to naturalistic observation
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
65. Dr. Bentley has long been interested in dissociative identity disorder (DID). For the past three years he has had only one participant in his research, his client, Elaine. He has studied her case intensively. What research method is Dr. Bentley using?
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
66. Leila calls people and asks them a specified list of questions concerning their opinions of how irritating telemarketers can be. What kind of research is she conducting?
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
67. A psychologist looks for a link between aggressive behavior and television violence by measuring the frequency of fighting and television-viewing habits of many twelve-year-old children. The psychologist concludes that children who watch more violent programming also get into fights more often. This is an example of
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
68. Dr. Georges wanted to test her theory that sugar improves memory, so she gave one group of participants candy sweetened with sugar and another group candy sweetened with NutraSweet. Then she compared the performance of the two groups on a test of recognition memory. Dr. George’s method is
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
69. What approach to psychology is Dr. George (from question 68) using?
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
70. Jon believes that exercise is a cause of higher levels of life satisfaction. If Jon plans to study this hypothesis experimentally, his independent variable would be the
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
71. A researcher had one group of children go trick-or-treating wearing masks and a second group of children go trick-or-treating without masks. The researcher found that the children who wore masks took more candy than the children who were not wearing masks. Which was the dependent variable in this study?
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
72. Dr. Hadrian is conducting a study in which he is examining the effect of two types of therapy on depression in college students. Type of therapy is the ______variable.
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
73. Which is the most effective way to eliminate experimenter bias?
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
74. A researcher found a correlation of -.70 between IQ and physical activity levels. The correct interpretation of this finding is that
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
75. An experimenter is studying the facial expressions that express the emotion of terror. He plans to point a loaded gun at subjects as they enter the room and photograph them at the same instant. Such an experiment would be ethically
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
76. Ramon started reading books to his child before she was born. Now she is two and he has begun spending a little time each day on educational games, hoping that he can increase her intelligence. What viewpoint must Ramon have about the most important determinants of mental development?
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
77. A biological psychologist would be most likely to research
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
78. If the myelin sheathing on neurons is absent or removed in a given individual, they will exhibit difficulties in speaking, vision, and balance because without myelin the
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
79. After a freak boating accident, Adam’s hippocampus was lost at sea. Although he recovered in all other respects, Adam will have difficulty
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
80. After a stroke, Jocasta has great difficulty with speech. Words come slowly and haltingly and her speech is often grammatically incorrect. The stroke probably damaged
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
81. Neurotransmitters are to the nervous system what ______are to the endocrine system.
82. A ______is a system that translates data from outside the nervous system into neural activity, thus giving the brain information about the outside world.
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
83. What is the relationship between the amplitude and the loudness of sound?
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
84. After a bizarre skiing accident, Dennis experiences an eye injury. Dennis can’t see very well in low light conditions or at night. Dennis probably has malfunctioning
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
85. Most of the properties that make food taste good are the
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
86. Little Jamie fell off his tricycle and scraped his knee. At first he cried out in pain, but when he rubbed his knee the pain went away. This can be explained by the ______theory.
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
87. As you and your friend walk across the street toward the cafeteria, she says “Oh, I can smell the lobster from here.” You, however, can’t smell it yet. Which of the following explanations is the most likely?
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
88. “While watching a crowd of people, one does not focus on individual colors, movements, and shapes. Instead, one perceives the event as a whole.” This statement has most likely been made by a
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
89. As a typical night of sleep progresses, ______sleep gets shorter while ______sleep gets longer.
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
90. Which of the following people is most likely experiencing REM sleep?
91. Nellie suffers from a condition in which she is constantly awakened because she stops breathing when she sleeps. Nellie probably suffers from
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
92. Which of the following is not a theory of why we sleep?
93. Allen is staring intently at a pen while Serena suggests to him that he is feeling sleeping in order to put him in an altered state. Allen is a smoker and Serena is the therapist he’s hired to help him quit smoking. What method is she using?
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
94. Jenny took a pill prescribed by her doctor and now feels relaxed and sleepy. She most likely took a(n)
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
95. Jack is a bully on the third-grade playground. After he pushed little Jamie around, Jamie says to Jack, “Something must have happened to you as a baby that caused you to be such a jerk. Maybe your parents didn’t understand attachment theory.” Jack replies, “Shut up, wimp! I was born to rule.” Jack and Jamie are engaged in a debate that reflects the issue of
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
96. Piaget felt that a large proportion of the U.S. adult population never advanced beyond concrete operational reasoning. If this is true, then a large proportion of the U.S. population is not able to
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
97. A school board educational committee in a rural community is contemplating how to help deprived children improve their academic performance. Which elements do they need to emphasize outside of the classroom, according to developmental psychologists?
98. Harlow’s monkey studies suggest that attachment is based on
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
99. Which of the following suggests a genetic basis for gender differences?
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
100. According to Erik Erikson, the central psychological issue or crisis of adolescence is
Psychology I – Semester 1 Exam – Study Guide 2014-2015
Case Study
Concepts to know that will help you with the case study
1. Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development
2. Theory of conversion
3. Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
Essay
Answer four of the following essay questions in a short essay. Be sure to use complete sentences. Minimum of 1 full paragraph each. Doing more than four will be extra credit on the exam.
1. Imagine that you are a psychologist and a patient has arrived at your office to discuss a problem. (Create a problem – such as stress or shyness) Using the four goals of psychology, outline a possible plan to help the patient. Your plan should meet all the goals.
2. How could you attempt to disprove the following hypothesis? “You can raise blood pressure by making a participant anxious.”
3. Should young children be treated as “little adults”? Based on what you have learned about development, do you think this is reasonable? Why or why not?
4. Do you think an individual with an androgynous gender role is healthier than one with a traditional gender role? Explain your answer.
5. Do you think an individual’s personality basically remains the same through the individuals life, or is it capable of change during adulthood? Explain your answer.
6. Suppose a person suffers a traumatic brain injury that damages the frontal lobes. What aspects of the person’s behavior would you expect to see change?
7. What are some of the emotional and psychological effects of substance dependency?
8. One of the objections to the use of subliminal advertising techniques is that they could be used to manipulate or influence large numbers of people without their knowing it. Do you think this is an important objection? Why or why not?