Name: ______Date: ______Period#: ___
UNIT 6 –VIRUSES, ARCHAEA, & BACTERIA QUEST- QUESTIONS
I. Viruses: Size, Shape, Naming, and Structure (From Bacteria to Plants pp. 40-43)
1. What is a virus?
2. Why do biologists consider viruses to be nonliving? Provide specific reasons.
3. Define a host organism.
4. What is a parasite, and why are viruses said to act like parasites?
5. Provide five virus particle shapes. Give an example of a virus with each shape.
(e.g. rotavirus – icosahedral or with 20 regular triangular faces).
6. What is a bacteriophage?
7. What is the size range for virus particles? How many nanometers are in one meter?
8. How do viruses compare in size to bacteria and to eukaryotic cells?
9. Viruses are not named using binomial nomenclature. Provide four ways that scientists name viruses? Give an example virus for each way listed.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
10. What are the three parts of a virus (not all viruses have all three parts)?
11. Explain why a specific virus can only attach to one or a few
types of cells?
II. Viruses: Multiplication and Uses (pp. 44-46)
12. What are the five steps an active virus follows to multiply in a host cell?
1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
4. ______
5. ______
STEPS: 1 2 3 4 5
13. View the steps of how a hidden virus multiplies below (also see Figure 4 on pg. 45). What is the difference between an active and hidden virus?
14. List several viruses that cause disease in humans.
15. List two nonhuman viral diseases and the host organisms? (e.g. bovine respiratory syncytial virus – cattle)
16. How are viruses used for gene therapy? Provide an example of a genetic disorder that can be treated using this technique.
III. Domain Archaea - (From Bacteria to Plants pp. 26-27)
17. The archaea are unicellular ______(i.e. cell without a nucleus). Some archaea are heterotrophic while others are ______. The chemical makeup of the cell wall and cell membrane of archaea makes them significantly different from bacteria.
Archaea are named using Linnaeus’ system (e.g. Methanococcus maripaludis).
Archaea may be found in the ocean, in human intestines, and in what other, more extreme habitats?
IV. Bacteria: Cell structure, shape, and size - (From Bacteria to Plants pp. 48-53)
18. What is a bacterium (plural bacteria)?
19. Describe the function and location of each of the following bacterial cell parts:
Cell Structure / Function / LocationCell Wall
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Genetic Material
Flagellum
20. Draw and provide an example of each of the cell shapes of bacteria:
Cell Shape / Drawing / Example (Scientific name)Spherical (coccus)
Rodlike (bacillus)
Spiral (spirillum)
21. What is the size range for bacterial cells? How many micrometers are in one meter?
22. What are three ways that bacteria can obtain food? (Hint: Use Figure 8 on pg. 51)
23. What are the ideal conditions for bacteria to reproduce?
24. What are the definitions of the following terms?
a. Binary Fission:
b. Asexual Reproduction:
c. Sexual Reproduction:
d. Conjugation:
e. Endospore:
V. Bacteria: The Role of Bacteria in Nature - (From Bacteria to Plants pp. 54-57)
25. How do bacteria help produce oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere?
26. What are cyanobacteria? (not specifically mentioned in textbook)
27. List several foods that are produced using bacteria?
28. Define pasteurization? Who invented this process?
29. What are decomposers and how do they recycle chemicals in dead organisms?
30. How do nitrogen fixing bacteria help plants (like peanut, pea, and soybeans) survive?
31. How are bacteria used to clean up the environment (bioremediation)?
32. How do bacteria in and on your body help keep you healthy?
33. How are bacteria used in the medical field?
VI. Viruses, bacteria, and your health - (From Bacteria to Plants pp. 60-65)
34. What is an infectious disease?
35. How can infectious diseases spread?
36. What is a pathogen?
37. What is a toxin?
38. What are the definitions of the following terms?
a. Antibiotic:
b. Antibiotic Resistance:
c. Vaccine
39. Complete the chart for two bacterial diseases:
Bacterial DiseaseScientific name of causative bacterium
Shape of bacterium
Symptoms
How it Spreads
Treatment
Prevention
40. Complete the chart for two viral diseases:
Viral DiseaseName of causative virus
Host organism
Genetic Material
Membrane Envelope Present?
Virus shape
Viral size (nm)
How it Spreads
Treatment
Prevention