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INTRODUCTION TO CELLS

Basic Structure of a Cell

Cells are the basic units of ______.

Cells can only be observed under a ______.

Basic Types of Cells

Animal cellPlant cell Bacteria cell

Number of Cells

Unicellular - ______

Multicellular - ______

Cells May Be Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic

______= include ______& lack a ______or membrane-bound structures called ______.

______= include most other cells & have a ______and membrane-bound organelles. (______, ______, & ______)

Prokaryotes

Nucleoid region contains ______

Cell ______& cell ______

Contain ______(no membrane) to make proteins in their ______

Eukaryotes

Contain 3 basic cell structures:

  1. ______
  2. ______
  3. ______

Two main types of eukaryotic cells

  1. ______
  2. ______

Organelles

Very ______size

Can only be observed under a ______

Have specific ______

Found throughout ______

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Organelles Found in Cells

Examples of organelles include:

  • ______= rough & smooth – canals for movement
  • ______= wrap & export proteins
  • ______= make ribosomes
  • ______= digest & gets rid of wastes
  • ______= makes proteins

Golgi Bodies

  • Stacks of ______sacs
  • Have a ______side and a ______side
  • Receive and modify ______made by the ER
  • Transport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off ends

Lysosomes

  • Contain ______enzymes
  • Break down food and worn out cell parts for cells
  • Programmed for cell ______(lyse & release enzymes to break down & recycle cell parts)

Nucleolus

  • Cell may have ______nucleoli
  • ______nucleus
  • Disappears when cell ______
  • Makes ______that make ______

Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

  • Smooth ER ______ribosomes & makes ______USED in the cell
  • Rough ER ______ribosomes on its surface & makes ______to EXPORT

CELL POWERHOUSE = Mitochondria

  • Rod-shaped site of ______
  • Active cells like muscles have more mitochondria
  • ______sugars to produce energy ______

Cell Membrane or Plasma Membrane

  • Lies immediately against the cell wall in ______
  • Made of protein and phospholipids
  • ______
  • Living layer
  • ______the movement of materials into and out of the cell

Cytoplasm

  • ______-______substance enclosed by cell membrane
  • Provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place
  • Contains ______to carry out specific jobs
  • Examples of organelles – chloroplast & mitochondrion

Nucleus (control organelle)

  • Controls the normal activities of the ______
  • Bounded by a nuclear ______
  • Contains ______
  • Each cell has a ______number of chromosomes that carry ______
  • Genes control cell ______

Plant Cell Organelles

Chloroplast

  • Contain the ______pigment ______
  • Traps ______to make ______(food)
  • Process called ______

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Cell Wall

  • ______
  • Large empty spaces present between ______fibers
  • Freely ______
  • Made of ______which forms very thin ______
  • ______and ______
  • FOUND IN ______CELLS
  • ______and support the enclosed substances
  • Resist entry of excess ______into the cell
  • Give ______to the cell

Vacuole

  • Have a large ______vacuole
  • Surrounded by ______
  • Contains cell sap, ______, proteins, ______, ______and pigments.

Different Kinds of Plant Cells

ANIMAL CELL

  • NO ______or ______
  • Stores ______in the cytoplasm for ______
  • Has centrioles which are near the nucleus. Centrioles help with cell division

Different Kinds of Animal Cells

Similarities Between Plant Cells and Animal Cells

  • ______
  • ______
  • ______

Differences Between Plant Cells and Animal Cells

ANIMAL CELLS / PLANT CELLS

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Structure and Function of Cell Membrane

  • ______- form foundation of membranes

-separates ______of cell from ______

-selectively ______- how phospholipids interact with H2O

Cell Membrane as a Barrier

  • Phospholipids - ______group + 2 ______acids

-Polar Head – phosphate group - ______to H2O

-2 Non-Polar Tails – fatty acids - ______by H2O – interior of membrane

  • Lipid Bilayer - ______layer

-Non-Polar tails - ______- repel ions, polar molecules (sugars, proteins)

Proteins Embedded in Lipid Bilayer

  • What keeps proteins within lipid bilayer?

-Some ______are polar / nonpolar:

______- attracted to interior of lipid bilayer, but repelled by

H2O on either side

______- attracted to H2O on either side of lipid bilayer

______attraction holds protein in lipid bilayer

  1. ______Proteins = attached to carbohydrate on cell’s surface

-help other cells ______(liver, heart, etc)

  1. ______Proteins = recognize and ______(signal molecules)
  1. ______= involved in important biochemical ______
  1. ______Proteins = aid in ______into/out of cell