Modern Molecular Methods to Study the Microbial Biome

Modern molecular methods to study the microbial biome

and metagenome of agrarian soils

M.V.Patyka1, A.Yu.Kolodiazhnyi1, Yu.P.Borko2

1National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

2National Scientific Center "Institute of Agriculture NAAS", Chabany, Kiev region, Ukraine

ARTICLE INFO / ABSTRACT
Received 08.05.2017 / Assess the species structure of mixed cultures and associations of microorganisms without separating them in pure culture in such complex environments, like water and soil made possible by the development of powerful molecular-biology techniques. Over the past decades was developed a series of approaches based on direct extraction and analysis of nucleic acids from samples of soil. So, aim of the work was characterization modern molecular-biological methods and approaches which application opens a new understanding of the phylogenetic and functional diversity of microbial communities of agrarian soils.Molecular approaches such as genetic fingerprinting, screening of clone libraries, DNA microarrays, metagenomics are extremely important for objective, complex evaluation of the qualitative composition and structure of soil microbial communities that are influenced by different farming practices. In manuscript have been briefly described latest advances in molecular microbial ecology with a focus on new methods and approaches to identify the real taxonomic diversity of component of soil microbial biome and new functional genes of microorganisms. This will help in understanding the biogeochemical processes of soil formation and uncovering the mechanisms of interaction in the system soil - microorganisms - plant.
Received in revised form24.05.2017
Accepted 15.11.2017
Available online05.12.2017
Keywords:
Microorganisms;
Microbial biome;
Metagenome;
DNA;
Soil;
Biodiversity;
Molecular-biological methods
E-mail:
Citing: PatykaM.V., KolodjazhnyiA.Yu., BorkoYu.P. 2017. Modern molecular methods to study the microbial biome and metagenome of agrarian soils. Agrochemistry and Soil Science. Collected papers. No. 86. ISSAR. Kharkiv. P. 116-124. (Ukrainian).

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УДК 576.26:577.2.08:579.64:631.46

Современные молекулярно-биологические методы изучения микробного биома и метагенома почв аграрного использования

Н.В.Патыка1, А.Ю.Колодяжный1*, Ю.П.Борко2

Национальный университет биоресурсов и природопользования Украины, Киев, Украина

Национальный научный центр «Институт земледелия НААН», Чабаны, Киевская обл., Украина

*E-mail:

Благодаря мощному развитию молекулярно-биологических методов появилась возможность исследовать видовую структуру смешанных культур и ассоциаций микроорганизмов в таких сложных природных средах, как вода и почва, не выделяя их в чистую культуру. В последние десятилетия разработаны подходы, основанные на анализе нуклеиновых кислот после прямого экстрагирования их из образца почвы. Поэтому целью работы была характеристика современных молекулярно-биологических методов и подходов, применение которых открывает новое понимание относительного филогенетического и функционального разнообразия микробных ассоциаций в почвах аграрного использования. Такие молекулярные подходы как генетический фингерпринтинг, скрининг библиотек клоновых генов, ДНК-микрочипы и метагеномика особенно важны для объективной комплексной оценки состава и структуры микробных ассоциаций почвы, формирующихся под влиянием различных агроприемов. В статье коротко охарактеризованы достижения последних десятилетий в области молекулярной микробной экологии с акцентом на относительно новых методах и подходах, позволяющих выявлять реальное таксономическое разнообразие компонентов почвенного микробного биома и новые функциональные гены микроорганизмов с целью понимания биогеохимических процессов почвообразования и раскрытия механизмов взаимодействий в системе «почва – микроорганизмы – растение».

Ключевые слова: микроорганизмы; микробный биом; метагеном; ДНК; почва; биоразнообразие; молекулярно-биологические методы.