Cell Communication and Immune System Review
1. From the perspective of the cell receiving the message, what are the three stages of cell signaling?
2. If a target cell could not multiply in response to growth factors from nearby cells, what might be lacking?
3. What are the three protein receptors?
4. What are 2 main secondary messengers and how do they work?
5. What hormone (also known as transcription factor) binds with a receptor protein that enters the nucleus and activates specific genes?
6. What are molecules that are small, water soluble, and bind to specific sites on receptor proteins?
7. What is the receptor for growth factors?
8. What receptor would be inhibited if a drug blocks the addition of phosphate groups?
9. What is a general term for enzymes that activate or inactivate other proteins by phosphorylating them?
10. What might happen to the body if a toxin modifies the G protein involved in regulating salt and water secretion?
11. If an animal cell cannot reduce the calcium concentration in the cytosol, it might be lacking what?
12. Tyrosine Kinase Receptors might be called “scaffolding proteins” because of this.
13. If GDP is attached to the G protein Coupled Receptor, is it active or inactive? Why?
14. What are the 2 types of immune system?
15. What are the 4 different types of innate immunity? Explain each in detail.
16. What type of immunity are your born with?
17. What does histamine do?
18. What pH does the skin have to keep bacteria from colonizing?
19.
When would memory cells be produced according to this graph?
20. According to the graph, when would you find antibodies being produced?
21. Explain what is happening in the graph in detail.
22. What are the 3 types of phagocytes? When would each of them work?
23. What are interferons?
24. What part of the immune system is also known as adaptive immunity?
25. What would happen to target cells in an animal that lacs receptors for local regulators?
26. What is the single most important thing establishing a primary immune response?
27. What are the 2 types of lymphocytes?
28. What 2 types of B cells are produced during clonal selection? Explain what each does.
29. What are the 2 types of MHC molecules? Where would you find them?
30. What type of T cell does Class I MHC display antigens for?
31. What type of T cell does Class II MHC display antigens for?
32. What are the 2 types of acquired immunity?
33. What surface protein do Helper T cells produce? Cytotoxic T cells produce?
34. Why would transplanted organs not be compatible with the person in which they are transplanted?