Name ______Date ______Period ______
Bentley Chapter 12 Study Guide: Cross-Cultural Exchanges on the Silk Roads
Long-Distance Trade and the Silk Roads Network (p. 234)
1. What to developments reduced the risks associated with travel and stimulated long-distance trade?
Trade Networks of the Hellenistic Era (p. 234)
2. Why did long-distance trade increase during the Hellenistic era?
Trade Networks of the Hellenistic Era: The Monsoon System (p. 235)
3. How did the monsoon winds impact trade in the Indian Ocean basin?
4. Why was the establishment and maintenance of trade routes so expensive?
5. What was the impact of long-distance trade?
Trade Networks of the Hellenistic Era: Trade in the Hellenistic World (p. 235)
6. List the goods that were traded:
- From India to Hellenistic cities:
- From Persia and Egypt:
- From the Mediterranean to Persia and Bactria:
- From India to the Mediterranean:
The Silk Roads (p. 236)
7. How did classical empires impact long-distance trade?
The Silk Roads: Overland Trade Routes (p. 236-237)
8. Where did overland Silk Road trade extend?
9. Where did the silk roads start?
The Silk Roads: Sea Lanes and Maritime Trade (p. 237)
10. What regions participated in maritime trade? Be sure to include the names of the ports.
The Silk Roads: Trade Goods (p. 237-238)
11. List the goods that came from each empire/region:
- China:
- Southeast Asia:
- India:
- Arabia:
- Central Asia:
- Roman Empire:
The Silk Roads: The Organization of Long-Distance Trade (p. 238-239)
12. Describe the organization of caravan trade.
13. Who were the principle traders:
- From south china through Southeast Asia to Ceylon and India:
- From the Arabian Sea:
- In the Mediterranean:
14. What was the impact of Silk Road trade during the classical period?
Cultural and Biological Exchanges Along the Silk Roads
The Spread of Buddhism and Hinduism (p. 239)
15. What impact did the emperor Ashoka have on Buddhism?
The Spread of Buddhism and Hinduism: Buddhism in Central Asia (p. 239-240)
16. Describe the spread of Buddhism and its impact ion the Silk Roads?
The Spread of Buddhism and Hinduism: Buddhism in China (p. 240)
17. Who contributed to the appeal of Buddhism in China and what was Buddhism’s impact in China and East Asia?
The Spread of Buddhism and Hinduism: Buddhism and Hinduism in Southeast Asia (p. 240)
18. Who played prominent roles in spreading Buddhism and Hinduism in Southeast Asia?
19. Describe the influence and impact Indian culture had on Southeast Asia.
The Spread of Christianity: Christianity and the Mediterranean Basin (p. 240-241)
20. How did Christianity spread throughout the Mediterranean and what were the communities it flourished it?
The Spread of Christianity: Christianity in Southwest Asia (p. 241-242)
21. What impact did Christianity have in Southwest Asia?
22. What happened to Christianity as it spread over time?
The Spread of Epidemic Disease: Epidemic Diseases (p. 243)
23. What two empires were hit with epidemic diseases during the 2nd and 3rd centuries? What diseases?
24. What was the impact of these diseases on these two empires? Be specific.
The Spread of Epidemic Disease: Effects of the Epidemic Diseases(p. 243-244)
25. Describe the effect of demographic decline in the Roman Empire and Han China?
China After the Han Dynasty
Internal Decay of the Han State (p. 244-245)
26. What were two internal problems that Han rulers could not solve?
Internal Decay of the Han State: Peasant Rebellions (p. 245)
27. Why were peasants rebelling?
Internal Decay of the Han State: Collapse of the Han Dynasty (p. 245-246)
28. What accounted for the collapse of the Han dynasty?
Cultural Change in Post-Han China: Sinicization of Nomadic Peoples (p. 246)
29. What were the several important social and cultural changes that took place after the fall of the Han Dynasty?
30. How did Daoism change with the fall of the Han Dynasty?
Internal Decay of the Han State: Popularity of Buddhism (p. 246)
31. What impact did Buddhism have on China after the fall of the Han Dynasty?
The Fall of the Roman Empire
Internal Decay in the Roman Empire: The Barracks Emperors (p. 247)
32. Describe the two internal problems the Roman Empire faced during the 3rd century CE.
Internal Decay in the Roman Empire: Diocletian (p. 247)
33. Describe Diocletian’s solution to the problem of an oversized empire.
Internal Decay in the Roman Empire: Constantine (p. 247-248)
34. Where did Constantine move the capital of the empire and what was significant about the location?
Germanic Invasions and the Fall of the Western Roman Empire (p. 248-249)
35. What military threats arose on the Roman Empire’s southeastern frontiers?
Germanic Invasions and the Fall of the Western Roman Empire: Germanic Migrations (p. 249)
36. Describe the impact the Roman Empire had on Germanic peoples such as the Visigoths.
Germanic Invasions and the Fall of the Western Roman Empire: The Huns (p. 249)
37. Who were the Huns and describe their interactions with the Roman Empire.
Germanic Invasions and the Fall of the Western Roman Empire: Collapse of the Western Roman Empire (p. 249-250)
38. Describe the effect of the Hun invasions on the Western Roman Empire and how it contributed to it’s fall.
39. How did the Han Dynasty and Roman Empire differ in their fall/collapse?
40. Describe the two different parts of the former Roman Empire after the 5th century BCE.
Cultural Change in the Late Roman Empire: Prominence of Christianity (p. 250)
41. Describe the developments that enhanced the influence of Christianity throughout the Mediterranean basin:
- Constantine:
- Theodosius:
- Intellectual elites:
Cultural Change in the Late Roman Empire: St. Augustine (p. 250-251)
42. How did intellectuals, such as St. Augustine, contribute to the organization and growth of Christianity?
Cultural Change in the Late Roman Empire: The New Testament and the Emergence of Orthodox Christianity (p. 251)
43. How did Orthodox Christianity emerge?
Cultural Change in the Late Roman Empire: The Institutional Church (p. 250-251)
44. How did Christian leaders standardize their faith?
45. Who emerged as the spiritual leader of Christian communities in the western regions of the empire?
46. What lasting impact did Christianity have on the western half of the Roman Empire?
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