Name:
1. Good nutrition promotes
a. growth of strong bones and teeth. c. increases in height and weight.
b. cognitive performance. d. all of these answers.
2. Artificial human growth hormones have been administered to promote growth in children for the last 20 years. What factor is inhibiting more widespread use of these drugs?
a. There is no way to stop the child’s growth.
b. Height is not considered an advantage in the United States.
c. There are potentially dangerous side effects.
d. The only thing preventing more usage is availability of the drug.
3. Factors that have been identified as contributing to childhood obesity include
a. genetic predispositions. c. poor nutritious diets.
b. little exercise. d. all of these answers.
4. The most frequent source of injury to school age children is
a. fires and burns. c. drowning.
b. auto accidents. d. gun-related deaths.
5. During the middle childhood years, children begin to participate in organized sports activities. If you want a child to enjoy and continue playing sports you should make sure that the goals for playing include all of the following EXCEPT
a. maintaining physical fitness. c. winning as many competitions as possible.
b. having fun. d. becoming comfortable with one’s body.
6. While there have always been threats to the health and safety of school aged children, many parents are most concerned about the safety of children in cyberspace. To make cyberspace visits safer, all of following could be effective EXCEPT
a. supervising computer use by keeping the computer in more public areas instead of bedrooms.
b. establishing guidelines and discussing those guidelines with everyone in the family.
c. locking the child out of the computer entirely.
d. making use of parental controls available to block out inappropriate sites.
7. This miniature computer transforms sounds into digital signals to the brain, allowing a formerly deaf person to hear. This is accomplished through the placement of a(n)
a. digital hearing aid. c. amplified ear horn.
b. cochlea implant. d. auditory nerve transplant.
8. Treatment for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder can include
a. behavior modification. c. adding structure to the classroom.
b. drug therapy. d. all of these answers.
9. The most common speech impediment, which involves a substantial disruption in the rhythm and fluency of speech is
a. a lisp. c. stuttering.
b. phonetic distraction. d. selective mutism.
10. Which of the following statements best describes the difference between mainstreaming and full inclusion in terms of exceptional students?
a. Both mainstreaming and full inclusion involve integrating exceptional students in the traditional classrooms.
b. Only full inclusion offers the exceptional student with additional support.
c. While both programs integrate exceptional students into the traditional classroom, in the full inclusion classroom all students are in the regular classrooms.
d. Full inclusion teachers have extra aides to assist with the exceptional students.
11. The concrete operational stage of cognitive development is characterized by the active and appropriate use of
a. sensory information. c. logic.
b. symbolic representations. d. all of these answers.
12. Eight-year-old Anna is working on her math families. This is the process of building the relationships among a small group of numbers, such as 4 + 2 = 6; 6 – 2 = 4, etc. This exercise is an example of the concept of
a. conservation. c. decentration.
b. reversibility. d. animism.
13. Franci is working on a problem for her math class in which she needs to calculate the winner of a road race. She needs to consider the distance each car traveled, the amount of time each driver drove, and the speed of the car. Prior to moving into the concrete operational stage, Franci would never have been able to tackle this problem, but now she can focus on multiple aspects of the problem, a concept known as
a. conservation. c. decentration.
b. reversibility. d. animism.
14. The fact that school age children can move from simple addition and subtraction to fractions and decimals demonstrates the belief that cognitive development is the process of becoming more sophisticated in handling information. This is also known as
a. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development.
b. Vygotsky’s sociocultural approach to cognitive development.
c. the information processing approach.
d. none of these hold this belief.
15. When her teacher asked Molly to go to the office with a message, she was a bit concerned that she might forget part of the message. As soon as Molly left the classroom she started to sing the message over and over until she arrived at the office. Molly used a strategy to improve her memory that is known as
a. cognitive elaboration. c. rehearsal.
b. auditory organization. d. working retrieval.
16. A major development in language skills during middle childhood is the child’s ability to understand his or her own use of language. This increased awareness is also known as
a. the theory of mind. c. false belief.
b. metacognition. d. metalinguistics.
17. Education that has as a goal that students from minority cultures will develop competence in the majority culture while maintaining a positive ethnic identity is known as
a. multicultural education. c. cultural assimilation model.
b. pluralistic society model. d. subculture acceptance model.
18. Psychologist Daniel Goleman has advocated teaching emotional literacy in schools to promote self-awareness, self-regulation, and social skills. This program is referred to as
a. academic readiness program. c. social coaching.
b. peer counseling. d. emotional intelligence.
19. All of the following are components of the standard definition of intelligence EXCEPT
a. capacity to understand the world.
b. capacity to think rationally.
c. capacity to score above average on standardized tests.
d. capacity to effectively use resources when faced with challenges.
20. Leo scored a 105 on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. Based on this score we can predict that Leo is
a. in need of alternative remedial education. c. eligible for gifted education.
b. average. d. nothing can be predicted based on this score.
21. According to Erikson, one focus of school age children is to attain competence in meeting the challenges presented by parents, peers, school, and the other complexities of the modern world. In Erikson’s psychosocial development, accomplishment of this goal is achieving ______.
a. industry c. inferiority
b. identity d. intimacy
22. When Alejandro was in first grade he described himself as tall, and good at soccer and math. Now, in fifth grade, Alejandro talks about how he is friendly and helps his friends. This shift in self-understanding represents a shift from ______or internal characteristics to ______traits.
a. psychological; physical c. psychosocial; physical
b. physical; psychological d. physical; psychosocial
23. When Woody was telling his Mom about the other children in his class he told her that one child was faster than him, one child was a better reader than him, one child was louder than him, but he was the tallest in the class! Woody is engaging in the process known as
a. social referencing. c. social comparison.
b. physical comparison. d. peer comparison.
24. One strategy that parents can use to help bolster a child’s self-esteem is to incorporate the ______style of parenting.
a. permissive c. authoritative
b. authoritarian d. reciprocal
25. During middle childhood, the centerpiece of peer friendships is
a. common proximity. c. common interests.
b. similar abilities. d. mutual trust.
26. Popular children have good social skills and are able to interact with others easily. You could say that these popular children have high
a. emotional expressions. c. social competence.
b. expectations. d. self-esteem.
27. Boys typically have larger networks of friends than girls do and the boys tend to play in groups with rigid status differences. These status rankings, also known as ______, represent the relative social power of those in the group.
a. intimidation ranks c. humiliation ranks
b. dominance hierarchy d. status ranks
28. One of the biggest challenges for middle school children is their increasing independence, as they move from being totally under the control of their parents to a period of ______, in which children and parents jointly control behavior.
a. co-regulation c. autonomous control
b. interdependence d. cooperative control
29. Results from research on children in lesbian and gay households has shown, when compared with children from heterosexual households, all of the following EXCEPT
a. children in these households develop relatively slower.
b. their sexual orientation is unrelated to that of their parents.
c. their behavior is no more or less gender typed.
d. at adolescence, their romantic relationships and sexual behavior are no different.
30. Children who let themselves into their home after school and wait alone until their caregivers return from work are known as
a. custodial children. c. after-school children.
b. overscheduled children. d. self-care children.
Essay Question
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· Define intelligence, discuss historical milestones in the area of intelligence testing, and identify the major tests used to measure intelligence. Discuss the controversies associated with the measurement and interpretation of intelligence test scores and review the research on the effect of IQ. Discuss how the IQ quotient is calculated, give examples and explain how the area under the normal curve determines decisions for placement in special education or gifted programs. Explain Spearman’s g, fluid and crystallized intelligence as well as Sternberg’s triarchic theory. What is the premise of the book, The Bell Curve? What are the criticisms of the book’s findings?