- General revision of Year 1 and 2work
- Payspecialattention to therulesfor adding suffixes.
- Cover HF words not yet secure.
- Revision of work in Year 3
Statutoryrequirements / Rulesandguidance / Examplewords
Addingsuffixesbeginningwithvowelletterstowordsofmore than onesyllable / Ifthe lastsyllable of a word isstressed andendswith oneconsonantletter whichhas justonevowelletterbefore it,the finalconsonantletter isdoubled beforeany endingbeginningwith a vowelletteris added.The consonantletteris notdoubledifthe syllableisunstressed. / forgetting, forgotten,beginning,beginner,prefer,preferred
gardening,gardener,limiting, limited,limitation
The /ɪ/sound speltyelsewherethan attheend ofwords / These wordsshould be learntasneeded. / myth,gym,Egypt,pyramid,mystery
The /ʌ/soundspeltou / These wordsshould be learntasneeded. / young,touch, double,trouble, country
Prefixes I / Mostprefixes are added to thebeginningofrootwords withoutanychanges inspelling,butseein–below.
Likeun–, theprefixes dis–andmis–
have negativemeanings.
The prefixin– can meanboth ‘not’and ‘in’/‘into’. In the wordsgiven hereitmeans ‘not’. / dis–:disappoint,disagree,disobey
mis–:misbehave,mislead,misspell(mis
+spell)
in–:inactive,incorrect
Prefixes II / Beforearootwordstarting withl,in–
becomesil.
Beforea rootword starting with mor
p,in–becomesim–.
Beforea root word startingwith r,in–
becomesir–.
re– means‘again’ or‘back’.
sub–means‘under’.
inter– means ‘between’or ‘among’.
super– means‘above’.anti– means ‘against’.auto– means ‘self’ or ‘own’. / illegal,illegible
immature,immortal,impossible,impatient,imperfect
irregular, irrelevant,irresponsible
re–:redo,refresh,return,reappear,redecorate
sub–:subdivide,subheading,submarine,submerge
inter–:interact,intercity,international,interrelated(inter+related)
super–:supermarket,superman,superstar
anti–:antiseptic,anti-clockwise, antisocial
auto–:autobiography,autograph
Prefixes III - exceptions / Exceptions:
(1)Iftherootwordends in–y with aconsonantletter beforeit,theyischanged toi,butonly ifthe rootwordhas more thanone syllable.
(2)Ifthe rootword ends with –le,the
–leis changed to–ly.
(3)Ifthe rootword endswith –ic,
–allyis addedrather thanjust–ly,exceptin the word publicly.
(4)Thewords truly,duly,wholly. / happily,angrily
gently,simply,humbly,nobly
basically,frantically,dramatically
Wordswith endingssounding like/ʒə/or /tʃə/ / The endingsounding like/ʒə/isalways spelt–sure.
The endingsounding like /tʃə/ isoften spelt–ture,butcheck thatthewordisnota rootword endingin
(t)chwith an erending – e.g.
teacher,catcher,richer,stretcher. / measure,treasure,pleasure, enclosure
creature,furniture,picture,nature,adventure
Endings which soundlike/ʒən/ / Ifthe endingsounds like /ʒən/, itisspeltas–sion. / division,invasion,confusion,decision,collision, television
Thesuffix –ous / Sometimes the root word is obviousand theusual rulesapplyfor addingsuffixesbeginningwithvowelletters.
Sometimes there is noobvious rootword.
–ouris changed to–orbefore –ous
isadded.
A final ‘e’oftherootword mustbekeptifthe /dʒ/soundof‘g’ is to bekept.
Ifthere isan /i:/soundbefore the
–ousending,itisusually speltas i,but a few words havee. / poisonous, dangerous,mountainous,famous,various
tremendous,enormous,jealous
humorous,glamorous,vigorous
courageous,outrageous
serious, obvious,curious
hideous, spontaneous,courteous
Endings which soundlike/ʃən/,spelt–tion,
–sion,–ssion,–cian / Strictlyspeaking,the suffixesare –ionand–ian.Cluesaboutwhetherto putt,s,ssorcbeforethesesuffixesoften comefrom thelastletterorletters oftherootword.
–tionisthemost common spelling.It isusediftherootwordends intorte.
–ssionis usedifthe rootword endsinssor –mit.
–sionis used ifthe rootword ends in
dor se.
Exceptions:attend–attention,intend–intention.
–cianisused ifthe rootword ends in
corcs. / invention,injection,action,hesitation,completion
expression,discussion,confession,permission,admission
expansion,extension,comprehension,tension
musician,electrician,magician,politician,mathematician
Other sounds
Wordswiththe /k/sound speltch(Greek in origin) / scheme,chorus,chemist, echo,character
Wordswiththe /ʃ/sound speltch(mostlyFrench in
origin) / chef, chalet, machine,brochure
Wordsending withthe /g/sound spelt –gue andthe /k/ soundspelt–que (French inorigin) / league,tongue,antique,unique
Wordswiththe /s/sound speltsc(Latininorigin) / In theLatin wordsfrom whichthesewords come,theRomans probablypronounced thec and thek as twosoundsrather thanone –/s//k/. / science, scene,discipline,fascinate,crescent
Wordswith the/eɪ/sound speltei,eigh,orey / vein, weigh, eight,neighbour,they,obey
Possessiveapostrophe withplural words / The apostrophe is placed after thepluralformofthe word;–s isnotadded iftheplural already ends in
–s,butisaddediftheplural doesnotend in–s(i.e.isanirregular plural –
e.g.children’s). / girls’,boys’,babies’,children’s,men’s,mice’s
(Note:singularpropernounsendinginansusethe ’s suffixe.g.
Cyprus’spopulation)
Statutoryrequirements / Examplewords
Homophonesandnear-homophones / accept/except,affect/effect, ball/bawl,berry/bury,brake/break,fair/fare,grate/great,groan/grown,here/hear,heel/heal/he’ll,knot/not,mail/male,main/mane,meat/meet,medal/meddle,missed/mist,peace/piece,plain/plane,rain/rein/reign,scene/seen,weather/whether,whose/who’s
accident(ally) / disappear / interest / pressure
actual(ly) / early / island / probably
address / earth / knowledge / promise
answer / eight/eighth / learn / purpose
appear / enough / length / quarter
arrive / exercise / library / question
believe / experience / material / recent
bicycle / experiment / medicine / regular
breath / extreme / mention / reign
breathe / famous / minute / remember
build / favourite / natural / sentence
busy/business / February / naughty / separate
calendar / forward(s) / notice / special
caught / fruit / occasion(ally) / straight
centre / grammar / often / strange
century / group / opposite / strength
certain / guard / ordinary / suppose
circle / guide / particular / surprise
complete / heard / peculiar / therefore
consider / heart / perhaps / though/although
continue / height / popular / thought
decide / history / position / through
describe / imagine / possess(ion) / various
different / increase / possible / weight
difficult / important / potatoes / woman/women
Bridlewood/S.E.Parsons/Oct.2014