Supplementary materials
Table S1 Concentrations of fluorine in environmental materials from endemic fluorosis areas caused by coal burning in China
References / Locations / Environmental materialsCoal / Food / Drinking water / Indoor air / Soil / Others
Zheng and Huang (1985) / Southwestern China / nd/205/138 / Fresh corn: <1
Unwashed corn: nd/33.6/23
Washed corn: nd/23.9/23 / nd / nd / nd / nd
An et al. (1995) / Zhijin County, Guizhou / nd/114.0/4 / Fresh rice: nd/0.68/13
Stored rice: nd/1.15/15
Fresh corn: nd/0.65/15
Stored corn: nd/22.63/17
Fresh chili: nd/1.70/14
Stored chili: nd/589.1/15 / nd/0.17/5 / nd/0.025/12 / nd / nd
Li et al. (1999) / Zhijin County, Guizhou / nd / Polluted corn: (2.89-30.95)/15.29/14
Polluted chili: (70.4-673.93)/324.38/14 / nd / 0.002-0.017/0.007/14 / nd / Urine: (1.02-5.03)/2.72/14
Zheng et al. (1999) / Zhijin County, Guizhou / (15-598)/143/34 / Fresh corn: (0.1-0.96)/0.41/102
Polluted corn: (1.1-80.4)/13.9/101 / (0.06-0.64)/0.21/204 / nd / (168-2576)/903/102 / Rock: (22-10736)/363/119
Ando et al. (2001) / Longli County, Guizhou / nd/212/nd / Crop: nd/3.68/nd
Chili: nd/129/nd / nd/0.10/nd / nd/0.076/nd / nd/4807/nd / nd
Dai et al. (2004) / Western Guizhou / (16.6-500)/83.1/50 / nd / (0.09-0.42)/0.19/5 / nd / nd / Clay: (100.8-2455.7)/1027.6/11
Wu et al. (2004a, b) / Hualuo, Zhijin
Majiazhuang, Zhijin
Pianpo, Weining
Whole Guizhou / nd/107.8/11
nd/104.1/5
nd/117.6/4
(0-521.0)/115.5/616 / Polluted corn: nd/30.6/10
Polluted chili: nd/513.1/9
Polluted corn: nd/33.4/7
Polluted chili: nd/342.6/6
Polluted corn: nd/49.8/13
Polluted chili: nd/281.0/9 / nd/0.12/7
nd/0.14/3
nd/0.05/3 / nd / nd / Clay: nd/6103.7/10
nd/1900.5/6
nd/2619.7/1
Urine: (2.33-18.5)/6.98/8
(2.16-5.64)/3.44/10
Li et al. (2005) / Guizhou / (24.1-2750.5)/359.9/163 / Polluted corn: nd/17.8/1164
Polluted chili: nd/273.9/1134 / nd / nd / nd / Clay: (29.1-5768.9)/1947.2/133
Dai et al. (2007) / Zhijin County, Guizhou / (79.5-599)/237/nd / Polluted chili: (249-4671)/1419/nd
Polluted corn: (34.6-300)/110/nd / nd / nd / nd / Clay: (452-4955)/2262/nd
Luo et al. (2007) / Zhaotong, Yunnan / (22.79-189.67)/77.2/10 / nd / (0.102-0.353)/0.216/11 / nd / nd / Clay: (367.2-2435.2)/1162.8/11
An et al. (2009) / Guizhou / (23.6-4269.2)/322.3/382 / Polluted rice: nd/0.72/242
Polluted corn: nd/11.44/354
Polluted chili: nd/250.8/360 / (0.01-0.50)/0.11/189 / nd / nd / Clay: (53.9-4268.4)/1134.0/385
Luo et al. (2011) / Zhaotong, eastern Yunan; Weining, western Guizhou / (57-311)/98/19 / Fresh corn: (0.07-2.73)/1.22/28
Polluted corn: (3.18-89.06)/20.26/43
Fresh chili: (0.56-5.23)/2.73/10
Polluted chili: (12.33-1274.39)/247.27/19
Rice: (0.69-3.67)/1.93/10 / nd / nd / nd / Clay: (269-2537)/1116/19
Luo et al. (1996) / Ziyang County, Shaanxi / Stone coal: (510-3800)/1735/12 / Corn: (4-10)/6.33/9 / Spring: (0.24-0.45)/0.32/8 / nd/0.0148/nd / (450-510)/478.9/9 / nd
Hu et al. (1998) / Wushan County, Chongqing / nd/719.98/6 / Food: nd/8.10/13 / nd/0.25/10 / nd / nd / Urine: nd/2.71/30
Hair: nd/14.37/29
Ando et al. (2001) / Pengsui County, Sichuan / nd/656/nd / Crop: nd/70.2/nd
Chili: nd/195/nd / nd/0.19/nd / nd/0.074/nd / nd/620/nd / nd
Wu et al. (2004c) / Xuanen, Hubei / Stone coal: nd/1447/3 / Polluted corn: nd/4.3/3
Polluted chili: nd/295/3 / Well water: nd/0.09/1
Tank water: nd/0.15/3
Boiled water: nd/2.2/3 / nd / nd / Dust: nd/33580/3
nd: no data or not available;
The units for coal, food, soil, and other materials are mg/kg, mg/L for water, and mg/m3 for air.
The ranges, means, and numbers of samples were noted in the parentheses, and separated by the diagonals, respectively.
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Table S2 Concentrations of arsenic in environmental materials from endemic arsenism areas caused by coal burning in China
References / Locations / Environmental materialsCoal / Food / Drinking water / Indoor air / Soil / Others
Ke et al. (1980) / Kaiyang, central Guizhou / (39.8-100)/68.7/8 / nd / Well water: bdl / nd / nd / Dust in kitchen: (240.8-1050)/598.5/8
Hair: (2.0-21.0)/8.69/22
An et al. (1994) / Zhijin County, Guizhou / nd/1096.6/8 / Fresh rice: nd/0.26/9
Stored rice: nd/2.47/11
Fresh corn: nd/0.44/9
Stored corn: nd/2.27/10
Fresh chili: nd/1.62/9
Stored chili: nd/5.10/11 / nd/0.0052/nd / nd/0.0568/24 / nd/27.17/10 / Urine: nd/0.124/38
Washed hair: nd/2.27/27
Unwashed hair: nd/5.99/29
Zhou et al. (1994a) / Xingyi, Southwestern Guizhou / (211-352)/264.5/6 / Polluted corn: nd/7.04/nd
Polluted chili: nd/693.6/nd / nd / nd / nd / Urine: nd/0.708/31
Hair: nd/58.6/31
Zhou et al. (1994b) / Xingren, Southwestern Guizhou / (41.5-8300)/840.6/97 / Polluted corn: (1.52-11.3)/3.89/70
Polluted chili: (52.7-1090)/391.2/71 / nd / (0.008-0.946)/0.267/71 / nd / Urine: nd/0.62/233
Hair: nd/18.0/273
An et al. (1995) / Zhijin County, Guizhou / nd/2166.67/4 / Fresh rice: nd/0.26/9
Stored rice: nd/7.43/10
Fresh corn: nd/0.44/9
Stored corn: nd/43.58/12
Fresh chili: nd/1.62/9
Stored chili: nd/610.33/12 / nd/0.026/6 / nd/0.11/12 / nd / nd
Zhou et al. (1998) / Southwestern Guizhou / nd/662.1/48 / Polluted corn: nd/4.94/19
Polluted chili: nd/153.4/16 / nd / nd/0.116/16 / nd / Urine: nd/0.37/70
Hair: nd/16.67/26
Zhu et al. (1999) / Wushan County, Chongqing / (nd-7.99)/6.00/6 / (nd-0.63)/0.34/12 / (nd-0.04)/0.013/10 / nd / nd / Urine: (nd-183.0)/36.2/29
Hair: (nd-6.89)/1.60/32
Shraim et al. (2003) / Changqing, Guizhou / (6.6-108.1)/56.3/9 / nd / (0.0001-0.0044)/0.0023/6 / nd / nd / Hair: (0.9-34.8)/7.99/36
Urine: (25.5-200.3)/71.4/38 a
Zheng et al. (2005a) / Xingren County, Guizhou / Gold mineralized area: nd/876.3/64
Household coal: nd/523.8/22 / Fresh corn: (0.32-0.64)/0.46/14
Polluted corn: (1.52-11.3)/4.13/32
Chili dried by low-As coal: (0.05-0.57)/0.37/14
Fresh chili in arsenism families: (0.82-4.1)/2.32/14 / Spring: nd/0.014/12
Reservoir: nd/0.028/9
Well water: nd/0.013/15 / Kitchen: nd/0.46/18
Living room: nd/0.26/11
Bed room: nd/0.072/8
Outdoor, 5m from kitchen: nd/0.044/4 / Polluted by water: nd/65.2/31
Polluted by coal-ash: nd/70.4/48 / Dust in kitchen: nd/3800/15
Dust in living room: nd/280/15
Dust in bed room: nd/78/15
Outdoor, dust 5m from kitchen: nd/212/15
Luo et al. (2008) / Zhaotong City, eastern Yunnan / (0.60-89.09)/13.32/12 / Polluted corn: (0.91-1.21)/1.20/16
Polluted wheat: nd/1.1/1
Polluted chili: (1.17-13.87)/3.90/15 / (0-0.0082)/0.0028/11 / nd / nd / Clay: (5.71-36.3)/23.3/11
Luo et al. (2011) / Zhaotong, eastern Yunan; Weining, western Guizhou / (0.80-41.18)/5.83/19 / Fresh corn: (bdl-0.034)/0.007/19
Polluted corn: (0.046-0.813)/0.249/27
Fresh chili: (bdl-0.151)/0.049/10
Polluted chili: (0.02-3.58)/0.836/10
Rice: (0.08-0.19)/0.13/10 / nd / nd / nd / Clay: (1.66-66.59)/20.94/19
Xiao et al. (2011) / Xingren County, Guizhou / nd/4.89/9 / Rice: nd/0.31/10
Corn: nd/0.52/8
Chili: nd/1.44/9 / nd / nd / nd/146.55/8 / Hair: nd/1.98/119
Urine: nd/149.59/110 a
Blood: nd/311.56/114
Zheng et al. (2005b) / Qinling-Bashan mountainous area, southern Shaanxi / Stone coal: nd/131.1/159 / Polluted corn: nd/0.44/43
Polluted chili: nd/0.92/24 / nd/0.0017/69 / nd/0.005/149 / nd / nd
Zhou et al. (2007) / Guizhou
Shaanxi / nd/8300/nd
nd/488/nd / Polluted corn: nd/4.13/nd
nd/0.52/nd
Polluted chili: nd/512/nd
nd/0.66/nd / nd/0.062/nd
nd/0.002/nd / nd/0.455/nd
nd/0.005/nd / nd/65.2/nd
nd/4.87/nd / nd
nd
Zhou and Liu (2009) / Langao County, southern Shaanxi / Stone coal: nd/324.3/50 / Polluted corn: nd/0.62/30
Polluted chili: nd/0.69/30 / nd / nd / nd / Hair: nd/0.87/70
a: unit is μg arsenic/g creatinine;
bdl: below detection limit;
nd: no data or not available;
The units for coal, food, soil, and other materials are mg/kg, mg/L for water, and mg/m3 for air.
The ranges, means, and numbers of samples were noted in the parentheses, and separated by the diagonals, respectively.
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Table S3 Concentrations of selenium in environmental materials from endemic selenosis areas caused by stone coal in China
References / Locations / Environmental materialsCoal / Food / Drinking water / Indoor air / Soil / Others
Yang et al. (1981) / Enshi, Huibei province / (13.2-1332.4)/329.0/19
Super-high selenium coal: 3632, 66100, 84123 / Corn: (0.5-44.0)/8.66/45
Rice: (0.3-20.2)/3.96/22
Bean: (5.0-22.2)/11.86/17 / (bdl-158)/56/9 / nd / (0.08-45.5)/9.68/18 / Hair: (4.1-100)/32.2/65
Blood: (1.3-7.5)/3.18/72
Urine: (0.88-6.63)/2.68/17
Mao et al. (1990) / Exi Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei / Stone coal: (26-1150)/143.9/129 / Corn in little stone-coal blocks: (0.19-1.16)/0.54/55
Corn in more stone-coal blocks: (0.37-4.41)/1.92/48
Corn in stone-coal mining area: (1.50-15.11)/7.56/85 / Water in limestone layer: (0.45-7.97)/0.81/46
Phreatic water in soil: (10.82-64.59)/22.55/44
Water flowed through stone-coal layer: (12.59-223.67)/104.59/38 / nd / Little stone-coal blocks: (0.92-6.48)/3.07/55
More stone-coal blocks: (2.0-26.0)/9.46/37
Stone-coal mining area: (4.31-87.2)/31.38/50 / Dust: nd/5036/nd
Su et al. (1990) / Exi Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei / Stone coal: (6-1150)/143.9/233 / Corn in stone coal area: (0.08-12.75)/4.17/219 / (0.27-342.86)/nd/136 / nd/87.84/nd / Soil in stone coal outcrop area: (1.00-37.25)/10.67/186 / Nail: (11.94-23.7)/16.2/165
Zheng et al. (1992) / Enshi, Hubei / Limestone: (0.01-8.86)/2.74/12
Shale: (2.36-63.42)/60.12/13
Silicate: (0.29-127.4)/47.04/25 / Fresh corn: nd/4.17/219 / Soil: (0.132-354)/25.57/37 / nd / nd / nd
Yan and Wu (1992, 1993) / Enshi, Hubei province / Stone coal: nd/309.89/10 / Corn grain: nd/1.35/18
Corn powder: nd/1.51/31
Rice: nd/1.07/89
Unhusked rice: nd/1.20/18
Noodle: nd/0.82/38 / Drinking water in spring: nd/14.94/13
Drinking water in winter: nd/8.41/9 / nd / nd/9.54/6 / nd
Mao et al. (1999) / Southwestern Hubei / Household stone coal: (73.55-1681)/234.22/15
Outcrop of stone coal: nd/39.92/10 / nd / nd / nd / Soil in stone coal outcrop area: nd/19.63/21
Soil in eluvial landscape: nd/33.88/7
Soil in slope landscape: nd/11.98/7
Soil in accumulating landscape: nd/4.94/7 / nd
Fordyce et al. (2000) a / Enshi, Hubei / nd / Corn grain: (0.182-5.6)/1.8/25 / (7.3-275)/32.6/5 / nd / Total: (2.74-27.5)/9.46/25
Water-soluble: (0.005-0.107)/0.022/25 / Hair: (1.83-141)/26.4/23
Zhu et al. (2000) / Yutangba, Enshi, Hubei / nd / Corn: (0.30-16.88)/8.07/33 / nd / nd / (1.40-6.91)/4.06/28 / Corn root: (0.14-16.26)/4.36/31
Corn stem: (0.08-7.42)/3.06/33
Corn leaf: (1.07-32.41)/9.79/33
Zhu et al. (2005) / Yutangba, Enshi, Hubei / nd / Corn: nd/2.28/10 / Stream water: nd/51.9/10 / nd / (0.10-39.04)/3.38/157 / Plant: (0.053-11.61)/0.94/150
Zhu et al. (2008) / Yutangba, Enshi, Hubei / nd / Corn seeds: (0.17-4.82)/1.48/20 / Stream water: (40.0-94.1)/58.4/12 / nd / (0.10-42.3)/4.75/150
Extreme samples: (346-2018)/899/11 / nd
Gu et al. (1996) / Wushan County, eastern Chongqing / (2.42-164.69)/54.98/6 / nd/2.375/13 / nd/1.282/8 / nd / nd / Blood: nd/0.606/25
Urine: nd/0.185/30
Hair: nd/6.063/30
Fang et al. (2003a, b) / Pingli County, Shaanxi / Badao bone coal: (41-75)/57.2/5
Shanliya: nd/48/nd
Dragon Village: nd/96/nd / Shanliya wheat: nd/0.24/nd
Shanliya corn: nd/0.02/nd
Badao corn: nd/2.29/nd / Badao stream water: nd/0.3/1
Badao mine water: nd/1.1/1 / nd / Badao: (6.5-7.6)/7.1/2
Shanliya: (0.85-7.10)/nd/nd
Dragon Village: (27-29.5)/nd/nd / nd
a: geometric means;
nd: no data or not available;
The units for coal, food, soil, and other materials are mg/kg, μg/L for water, and μg/m3 for air.
The ranges, means, and numbers of samples were noted in the parentheses, and separated by the diagonals, respectively.
7
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