Canadian History Test 4 Review
Unit 8: WWI
Origins
Imperialism
Alliances
Nationalism Militarism
The catalyst
the assasintation of Franz Ferdinand
Canada’s constitutional obligation to Great Britain
Wartime in Canada
Canada’s contribution to the War
War economy
Government debt, duties, taxes, Victory Bonds
Inflation
Unions, strikes, increasing power of workers
Social unrest
Conscription and French/English tensions
Changing role of women in Canada, munitions work
Women’s suffrage, prohibition
Ethnic tensions, enemy aliens, internment camps, ‘Finishing the Job”
Political Gamesmanship and Federal elections
Trench Warfare
Machine guns and barbed wire
Trench networks
No Man’s Land
Poison gas
Shelling
Land, Sea, and Air
Weapons
Shell Shock
Mud, Rats, and Disease
Ypres, chlorine gas
The Somme, Beaumont-Hamel, Canadian reputation is established, Storm Troops, das blutbat, 11km
Vimy Ridge, preparations, planning, execution, lessons learned, victory and gains, emerging independence and national identity
Passchendaele, mud
Armistice, casualties, The War to End All Wars
Versailles, terms of the Treaty, too punitive?
The men come home, pensions, benefits, jobs, classicism
Women are pushed out of the workforce
Winnipeg General Strike
Working conditions, inflation, living wage
One Big Union, general strikes
Communist Revolution in Russia
Central Strike Committee vs The Citizens Committee of 1000
Ottawa’s response, NWMP
Propaganda, amendments to the Immigration Act, Stony Mountain Penitentiary
Bloody Saturday
Changing Balance of power?
Unit 9: WWII
Germany in the interwar period
Economic problems, debt, and hyper-inflation
The Golden Years
Political Instability
Depression and Unemployment
Rise of the Nazis, Hitler becomes Chancellor
Feb. 1933 – Reichstag fire
Mar. 1933 – Enabling Act
June 1934 – Night of the Long Knives
July 1934 – President Hindenburg dies
Aug. 1934 – Hitler becomes “Fuhrer”
Police state, Concentration Camps, propaganda, censorship, Euthanasia
Nuremberg Laws, Kristallnacht
The Road to War, Appeasement Policy
Rearmament
Rhineland….March 1936
Austria…..March 1938
Munich Agreement…Sept 1938
Sudetenland…Oct 1938
Czechoslovakia…March 1939
Nazi-Soviet Pact…August 1939
Poland…Sept 1, 1939
Allies, Axis
Canada declares war on Sept 7, 1939
“Phony War”
Germany takes Denmark and Norway
Blitzkrieg, the fall of Dunkirk, evacuation of Allied troops, the occupation of France
Battle of Britain
Operation Sea Lion
The Blitz (bombing of London)
The Lutwaffe vs. the RAF
Winston Churchill
The Spitfire
“Never in the history of human kind has so much been owed by so many to so few”
Great Britain survives
Dieppe Raid (Operation Jubilee)
August 19th, 1942, 4,963 men and officers from the 2nd Canadian Division, British, French, US troops
237 ships and landing barges, 6 destroyers, Air Force bombers and fighters
Why?
Stalin
test gaining a foothold on the continent
Rear Admiral Louis Mountbatten
Pressure to get Canadians some combat experience (Canadian public opinion is shifting away from the War effort)
Colossal Failure (3,367 Canadian casualties, 1,946 prisoners, 907 Canadians killed), No gains
Problems
Very little pre-invasion bombing
Weather delays
Lateness
German Convoy
Communication
Tanks stuck
Late withdrawal
Lessons learned
June 1941—Hitler invades the Soviet Union.
December 1941-USA enters WW2
June 6, 1944-D-day
“Operation Overlord”, the invasion of Nazi occupied France
14 000 young Canadians stormed Juno Beach on the coast of Normandy, France
amphibious assault
US and British participation
Sword, Juno, Gold, Omaha and Utah
5300 ships and landing craft carrying 150,000 men, 1500 tanks, and 50,000 vehicles
German defenses, the Atlantic Wall, slave labour
guns, concrete emplacements, pillboxes, fields of barbed wire and mines
340 Canadians died, 574 had been wounded, 47 taken prisoner
Canadians capture perhaps the most heavily fortified beach, and the Allies score a major victory, a foothold on the European Continent
May 15, 1945----Germany and Italy surrender. VE Day (Victory in Europe)
August 6th, August 9th----USA attacks Japan with two atomic weapons. First time atomic weapons are used in the history of warfare. (Hiroshima and Nagasaki)
August 15th, 1945----Japan surrenders. VJ Day (Victory in Japan)