Electronic Supplemental Material

Careau et al. “The energetic and survival costs of growth in free-ranging chipmunks”

Table S1 Descriptive statistics (for each sex separately) for different variables related to measurements of body mass in the field (Mb), highest total number of botfly larvae and scars counted on a single capture, growth rate, resting metabolic rate at thermoneutrality (RMRt), daily energy expenditure (DEE), and non-resting energy expenditure (NREE) in free-ranging eastern chipmunks in the plateau phase of their growth during a non-mast year.

Traits / Units / Descriptive statistics
Females / Males
N / Mean / sd / Min / Max / CV / N / Mean / sd / Min / Max / CV
Date of first capture / julian / 36 / 166.9 / 30.61 / 138 / 268 / 0.183 / 52 / 174.3 / 21.83 / 143 / 238 / 0.125
Date of last capture / julian / 36 / 219 / 34.56 / 161 / 275 / 0.158 / 52 / 233.9 / 32.92 / 159 / 275 / 0.141
Captures per individual / count / 36 / 13.83 / 10.08 / 3 / 43 / 0.729 / 52 / 15.33 / 10.34 / 3 / 36 / 0.675
Mb / g / 498 / 76.15 / 8.977 / 46 / 94 / 0.118 / 797 / 79.01 / 6.75 / 54 / 95 / 0.085
Botfly larvae / count / 36 / 1.333 / 2.165 / 0 / 9 / 1.623 / 52 / 2.135 / 2.161 / 0 / 7 / 1.012
Growth rate / g∙day-1 / 36 / 0.332 / 0.332 / -0.33 / 1.105 / 1.002 / 52 / 0.291 / 0.43 / -0.18 / 2.5 / 1.478
RMRt / mW / 22 / 618 / 62.43 / 512.6 / 721.4 / 0.101 / 44 / 620.5 / 54.47 / 505.4 / 731 / 0.088
DEE / mW / 6 / 1518 / 140.3 / 1334 / 1756 / 0.092 / 14 / 1496 / 348 / 729.6 / 2057 / 0.233
NREE / mW / 5 / 902.7 / 120.9 / 821.2 / 1117 / 0.134 / 13 / 866.6 / 365.3 / 73.44 / 1423 / 0.422

Fig. S1 (a) Seasonal patterns in body mass and reproductive status in a free-ranging population of individually marked eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) during a non-mast year (2007). The “lag effect” from the previous mast event (fall 2006) allowed adults to mate in winter, give birth in late-March and sustain lactation through May until juvenile emergence in late-May (captures below 70g). After emergence, juveniles continued to grow until late-July and remained active until mid-October. In contrast, all known-adults (circles, initially captured before 2007) all ceased above-ground activity by July 22. These distinctive patterns in body mass and activity allowed us to differentiate adults from juveniles when combined to reproductive status in two different samples; (b) known-adults (n = 62; 587 captures) and (c) first captured in 2007 (n = 235; 2158 captures). In all three panels, green colour (symbols and bars) indicate clear signs of reproduction (males: medium and enlarged scrotum; females: developed mammae or lactating), red colour indicate clear absence of previous reproduction (rose pale scrotum and undeveloped mammae), and blue colour indicate intermediate reproductive status. We assigned the juvenile status to individuals captured in quadrate i-iii. For those individuals that were first captured in quadrate iv, we excluded individuals with signs of reproduction (green and blue).

Fig. S2 Growth pattern from initial captures to measurement of (a) resting metabolic rate and (b) daily energy expenditure. Day 0 corresponds to day of metabolic measurement.

Fig. S3. Relationships between body mass and (a) resting metabolic rate at thermoneutrality (RMRt; in mW), (b) daily energy expenditure (DEE; in mW), and (c) non-resting energy expenditure (DEE minus RMRt, in mW) in wild juvenile eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus).

Fig. S4Partial residual correlation betweendaily energy expenditure (DEE; in mW) and growth rate (in g∙day-1) in juvenile eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus). This figure is the same as Fig 2b in addition to includethe individual that was captured only six times before DEE measurement and that had a growth rate of -0.6 g∙day-1, located in the top left of the graph.