Anatomy and Physiology Fisher
RECORD SHEET
Directions: Locate each of the listed structures on your bullfrog specimen. As you locate the structure, put a checkmark next to the name of the structure. At the end of each section, you will see a signal to STOP. When you reach this point, please raise your hand and Ms. Fisher will come over to your table. At that time, you will need to quickly and efficiently show Fisher the structures on the specimen. Fisher will stamp that section, indicating completion. Once the stamp is provided, please continue to the next section. Please refer to the frog dissection handouts to help you identify the locations of the various structures as well as their functions. By the end of the dissection, you should be familiar with not only the location, but also the function of each of the structures you identify.
I. External Characteristics
Structure / ID (√)Dorsal side
Ventral side
Tongue attachment
External Nares
Internal Nares
Vomerine teeth
Maxillary teeth
Eyes
Upper Eyelid
Lower Eyelid
Nictitating Membrane
Tympanic Membrane
Digits
Male/Female?
STAMP:______
II. Integumentary System
General ObservationsIII. Muscular System –Muscles of the Leg
Structure / ID (√)Triceps femoris
Biceps femoris
Sartorius
Gracilis major
Gracilis minor
Adductor magnus
Peroneus
Gastrocnemius
Achilles tendon (not a muscle)
STAMP:______
REFLECTION QUESTIONS
1. What can you say about the frog’s habitat by looking at its external characteristics such as its skin coloration, external nares, and eye structure and position? ______
2. How does the frog’s skin differ significantly from human skin? How are the functions of the integumentary system in both species similar? How are they different? ______
3. How does the muscular system of the frog indicate the type of lifestyle and activities the frog participates in? How are these different from the human? ______
4. What similarities exist between the frog’s musculature, and the human’s? ______
V. Reproductive System
Structure / ID (√)Fat bodies
Eggs?
Ovaries
Oviducts
Testes?
Vestigial Oviducts
STAMP:______
VI. Digestive System
Structure / ID (√)Liver (3 lobes)
Gall bladder
Cystic duct
Glottis
Esophagus
Stomach
Internal wall of stomach
Internal contents of stomach
Small intestine
Large Intestine
Mesentary
Pancreas
Stomach
Observations: Stomach Contents/Structure
STAMP:______
REFLECTION QUESTIONS
1. How is fertilization in frogs different from that in humans? ______
2. What accommodations must a female frog make to support her eggs? Do human females make similar accommodations to support a fetus? Explain. ______
3. Which two organs does the cystic duct connect? What three organs does the common bile duct connect? What substances pass through these ducts? ______
4. What tissues make up the walls of the stomach? How does this aid in stomach function? ______
5. Based on the functions of the small intestine and large intestine, what is one reason the large intestine is so much shorter? ______
VII. Cardiovascular System
Structure / ID (√)Heart
Thoracic cavity
Pericardium
3 chambers of the heart: 1 ventricle, 2 atria
Systemic arch (aorta)
Dorsal Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Coronary artery
Coeliaco-mesenteric artery
Carotid artery
Jugular vein
Renal artery
Renal vein
Observations: Drawings under Dissection Scope
STAMP:______
VIII. Respiratory System
Structure / ID (√)Diaphragm
Lungs (R and L)
Trachea
Bronchii (2)
Bronchioles
Observations: Drawings under Dissection Scope
STAMP:______
REFLECTION QUESTIONS
1. Frogs have a three chambered heart, humans is four. How are three chambers less efficient than 4? ______
2. What is an explanation for why the atria of the heart have a spongy texture, but the ventricles smooth? ______
3. Describe the texture of the lung in the frog. Would you think human lung texture would be similar or different? Explain. ______
4. By what process does oxygen get picked up and carbon dioxide dumped off in the lungs? Is this the same process in the human as it is in the frog? ______
IX. Excretory System
Structure / ID (√)Kidneys
Renal artery—see Cardiovascular System
Renal vein—see Cardiovascular System
Renal pelvis
Kidney duct?
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Observations: Drawings under Dissection Scope
STAMP:______
REFLECTION QUESTIONS
1. What is the texture of the kidney? How does this texture fit its function? ______
2. Look up the internal functions of the kidney using your text. The kidney performs 3 functions, what are these functions? ______
3. How is urine produced in the kidney? Both the frog kidney and human function similarly. ______
4. What is the internal anatomy of the kidney? Describe the components of one nephron and how these combine to form a kidney. ______
XI. Nervous System
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
Right hemisphere
Left hemisphere
Olfactory lobe
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Medulla oblongata
Spinal cord
STAMP:______
REFLECTION QUESTIONS
1. How does the frog brain differ from the human brain? ______What value is there to the frog, for having a brain that is so difficult to access? ______
2. If you were only given the skull of an organism, and you did not know anything else about the organism, you should be able to identify whether it was a biped or quadruped animal. How? ______
3. Given the relative size of the forebrain of the frog, what does this say about the frog’s mental capacity? ______
1 modified 12/1/2016