XHOSASUMMARY
DRAFT 6.3.2005
INTENSIVE CARE
LIFTOFF AND ACCENT IMPROVEMENT LANGUAGE
A MORNING WITH DR. BOLAND AND FRIENDS
COMPUTERBASED XHOSA
PROGRAM AVAILABLE ON REQUEST
DRAFT FOR CORRECTION PLEASE
LEARNING MAINTENANCE PACK
(Retained)
"LANGUAGE IS INSTINCT ... "
"LANGUAGE IS CARING ..."
Copyright:
RGAB 2005/1 - rough draft
LIFT OFF/ACCENT IMPROVEMENT - XHOSA
LEARNING MAINTENANCE
CONTENTS
Item Page No.
Brochure 3
Basic Vocabulary 5
Accent/Structure Exercise 7
Simple Grammatical Summary15
Feedback Quiz 26
Glossary36
Speed Test54
LIFTOFF/ACCENT IMPROVEMENT LANGUAGE A MORNING WITH DR. BOLAND
COMPUTERBASED XHOSA/ZULU/ENGLISH/JAPANESE/KHMER/INDONESIAN
BROCHURE
Geneva, May 1994
1.THE PROGRAM
a.Each program is a four hour computerbased learning experience with a partner (a natural language speaker), designed for managers with severe time constraints. It uses new learning theories to achieve rapid conscious and nonconscious learning.
b.The LEARNING is achieved by "absorbing" the language and speaking continuously with the partner in a special learning environment.
c.The PARTNER continually encourages us to achieve excellent pronunciation, but does NOT teach nor critique the program. The PARTNER is a "learning aid" to inspire changes in our KSA knowledge, skills and (above all) attitudes, towards "absorbing" the language.
d.The technical structures in the final version of each program are verified by recognized university-based language specialists.
2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
The specific learning objectives of the morning are:
a.To begin to decode the music of the language with improved listening, speaking, understanding and confidence.
b.To practice using about 200 words/phrase in the language with an EXCELLENT accent.
c.To develop personal confidence in whispering, speaking, singing, imitating and even shouting in the language.
d.To motivate further study in the future.
3.WHY BOTHER?
You speak English. You do business with a Zulu speaker, who speaks perfect English. He "seems" to understand everything you say in English ... so why bother with liftoff" or "accent improvement" in his/her language?
a.LIFTOFF (getting into a new language rapidly) you make the effort to learn some of a new language, so that he/she feels "more comfortable" with you as a person ...
b.ACCENT IMPROVEMENT (speaking the language) you recognize that a "bad accent" can be EXHAUSTING for the listener ... and like "halitosis" ... he/she can NEVER tell you ...
... so why not take just a morning ... to improve the quality of your communication ... and feel "more comfortable" ... with yourself ...?
4.A NEW WAY OF LEARNING
We must take a little time to prepare our minds to learn in a new way; thus we must:
a.Recognize that most of what we do in life, we do without special awareness, almost nonconsciously rather than consciously, while responding to our environment which communicates with us all the tim e.g. driving the car.
b.Recognize that our nonconscious mind is very powerful, it has an almost unlimited capacity to learn. And it can learn much faster than our conscious mind, if we can make the emotional investment to allow the learning process to operate freely and not be blocked.
c.Convince our nonconscious mind, that we really a must and can, understand, use and remember, everything in this short learning process; and for this we must get emotionally invested!
d.Develop the confidence to relax and let our powerful nonconscious mind guide us through a very rewarding, and yet highly emotional, learning experience, just for the morning, with a partner, together.
5.ACTIVITIES
Part I Early Morning
08.30 09.00 Sect. 1 Objectives/feedback
09.00 09.30 Sect. 2 Accents/Structure Exercise
09.30 10.00 Sect. 3 Introductions A
10.00 10.30 Sect. 4 Introductions B
10.30 - 10.40 Sect. 5 - Review
10.40 - 11.00 Coffee break
Part II Late Morning
11.00 11.20 Sect. 1 - Accents/Structure Exercise
11.20 - 11.40 Sect. 2 Social A
11.40 - 12.00 Sect. 3 Social B
12.00 12.20 Sect. 4 Accents/Structure Exercise
12.20 13.00 Sect. 4 Review/feedback
6.FURTHER INFORMATION
Dr. R.G.A. Boland
Tele/fax 3350408982/33-50-31-56-50
Chemin Garenne, PrevessinMoens, 01280, France.
BASIC VOCABULARY - XHOSA???
INTRODUCTIONS A
I. mna(ndi)wena(u)yena(u) yena (u-)
yona(i)thina (si-)nina (ni-) bona (ba-)
ewehayi
II.a ...na/no/nendi-ngu u-ngu
u-nguu-ngui-yi si-nga
ni-ngaba-ngaa-ndi-ngo apha/nantsi
apho/nantsoyho
INTRODUCTIONS B
I.molomoloronantini ronantini
u-njani wena?ndi-philile enkosi
salanincedaUmnumzana (Mnu)
Nkosikazi (Kksk)Nokosazana (Nskz)
II.--indoda (i-) umfazi (um-)
ndi-nau-nau-na u-na
si-nani-naba-na a-ndi-na
utywala (ubu-)-ntwana igumbi (ili-)
SOCIAL A
I.zi-ngaphi?iqandai-aye zi-mbini
zi-nezi-nthathu zi-ntlanu zi-thandathu
zi-sixhenxezi-sibhozozi-lthoba zi-lishumi
II.-nizi nga--ninci nga--nxaniwe -lambile
ukutya(uku)isonka(isi)-vuya -diniwe
ibhedi(isi)kufutshane na- i-dollar
imali (in-)ku/e
SOCIAL B
I.lo/eli/le/olu/obu/oku
lowa/eliya/esiya/leya/oluya/obuya/okuya
-phi?ng-bani?
-ntoni?-malini?-lungile-lunganga
-tshipuku/ye/za
II.mnauku-wenzauku-funauku-thatha
uku-nikauku-tyauku-selauku-lala
ukuhambaMnumzana
BASIC VOCABULARY - ENGLISH
INTRODUCTIONS A
I. Iyouheshe
itweyouthey
yesno
II.notandI amyou are
he isshe isit iswe are
you arethey areI am nothere
thereoh!
INTRODUCTIONS B
I.Hellogood morninggood eveninggoodnight
How are you? I am wellthank you
goodbyepleaseMrMrs
Miss
II.athemanwoman
I haveyou havehe hasshe has
we haveyou havethey haveI have not
winesomeroomoh
SOCIAL A
I.how many?zeroonetwo
threefourfivesix
seveneightnineten
II.moreless thirstyhungry
foodbreadhappytired
bedneardollar
moneyto
SOCIAL B
I.this
that
where?who?
what?how much?goodbad
cheapfor
II.medowanttake
giveeatdrinksleep
travelSir
ACCENTS/STRUCTURE EXERCISE
(Total time 30 minutes)
SAY EVERYTHING ... IN A BEAUTIFUL BUT HIGHLY DRAMATIC TONE ... HIGHLY EXAGERATED ... THIS IS IMPORTANT ... FOR BOTH CONSCIOUS AND NONCONSCIOUS LEARNING ...
Part A Accent Improvement Routine (5 minute)
Try to achieve perfect pronunciation with repetition several times in several musical/rhythmic tones ... make it sound ... beautiful ... on we go ...
1. First:
a.Get comfortable ... and ... WHISPER
I phiindluya me-lungileyo?
Kuphiukutyakwa mokulungileyo?
Buphiutywalaba mobulungileyo?
U phiumfaziwa mo lungileyo?
Siphiisonkasa mesilungileyo?
Liphiicephe la melilunglieyo?
Ziphiizonkaza mezilungileyo
b.BREATH deeply and completely RELAX and let all the stress drain away ... eyes closed ... relax by breathing very deeply THREE times ... exhaling very slowly ... then on we go ...
2.Second:
a.Get comfortable ... and ... SAY:
I lapha? Hayiayikho apha.
Kulapha?Hayi aku-kho apha.
Bulapha?Hayi abukho apha.
U -lapha?Hayi akakho apha.
Silapha?Hayi asikho apha.
Li-lapha?Hayi alikho apha.
Zilapha?Hayi azikho apha.
b.Completely RELAX
3.Third:
a.Get comfortable ... and ... SHOUT ... VERY LOUDLY ...:
Ncedaecaleniincwadincinane
iCawaIquandaisiqingbathaugqira
inkquboqhoXhosandinzaniwe
zisixhenxeingxolouxolo
c.Completely RELAX ...
4.Now you should feel relaxed but intensely alert with an accent that improves every time you do this routine ... remember every language can be "beautiful" ... when spoken well ...
5.Now with eyes closed do the "RADIO/TAPE EXERCISE" for two minutes: relax, listen and repeat any words you hear; do this radio (or tape) exercise every half hour or so ... surprise!
Part B Structured Phrase Routine (15 minutes)
a.Repeat each phrase ... DIFFERENTLY ...three times with musical rhythm, expression, until you do so almost instinctively, without thinking too much about it!!
b.Get your whole body active; communicate with everything ... mouth, eyes, face, hands and body; make it fun ... make it almost musical ... make your words interesting ... use your name ... just for the week ... to go with your new accent ... add "yes, yes, yes" to positive phrases and "no, no, no" to negative phrases ... and you say them "differently" ... each time ... emphasise different words ... with different EMOTIONS ...
c.Emotional investment is the ... KEY to Learning Maintenance ...
1.To illustrate questions: (check the Xhosa please)
a. Uphi yona?
Where is it?
Ewe, ewe, ewe, yona ulapha.
Yes, yes, yes, it is here.
Hayi, hayi, hayi, yona akekho lapha!!
No, no, no, it is not here.
b. Yintoni lena?
What is it?
Ewe, ewe, ewe, lena iwayini.
Yes, yes, yes it is wine.
Hayi, hayi, hayi, ena akulona iwayini!!
Non, non, non, it is not wine!!
c. U-ngubani yena?
Who is it?
Ewe, yena ungu ... Charlie (or your new "name").
Yes, it is Charlie
Hayi, hayi, hayi, yena, aka-ngo ... Charlie!!
No, no. no, it is not Charlie!!!
d. Imalini lokhu?
How much is it?
Ewe, ewe, ewe, intengiso idollar i-nye.
Yes, yes, yes, it costs one dollar.
2. To illustrate subject and object:
a. Ngisela amanzi (I drink the water).
b. Ewe, ewe, ewe, uyawasela amanzi (you drink).
c. Utya isonka (he eats the bread).
d. Uyasi tya (she eats it).
3. To illustrate nouns and plurals:
a. Indoda itya isonka (the man eats the bread).
b. Umfazi (woman) utya isonka.
c. Amadoda (men) basela amanzi (water).
d. Abafazi (women) basela amanzi.
4. To illustrate definite and indefinite articles:
a. Indoda isela amanzi (the man drinks water).
b. Indoda isela amanzi amancinci (some)).
c. Indoda ifuna igumbi (the man wants a room).
d. Indoda ifuna igumbi (the man wants the room).
5. To illustrate demonstrative pronouns:
a. Lendoda ifuna igumbi (this man wants the room).
b. Leyondoda (that) ifuna igumbi.
c. Umfazi ufuna esisonka (the woman wants this bread).
d. Umfazi ufuna esosonka leso (that bread).
6. To illustrate adjectives:
a. Indoda elungileyo itya isonka (good man eats the bread).
b. Indoda embi (bad) itya isonka (bad man eats the bread).
c. Umfazi olungileyo utya isonka esilungileyo.
(the good woman eats the good bread).
d. Unfazi ombi (bad) utya isonka esibi (bad).
7. To illustrate possessive pronouns:
a. Unfazi utya isonka sam (the woman eats my bread).
b. Unfazi wam (my woman) utya isonka sam.
c. Unfazi wendoda utya isonka sayo
(the man's woman eats his bread).
d. Unfazi ka Charlie utya isonka sakhe
(Charlie's woman eats her bread).
8. To illustrate "it is" and "there is":
a. Kukho isonka (there is bread).
b. Si lapha (it is here).
c. Kukho indoda (there is a man).
d. Ilungile (it is good).
e. Kufaneka u ... (it is necessary that you ...).
f. Kufaneka nhi ... (it is necessary that I ...).
g. Kubalulekile ukuba ... (i is important that ...)
9. To illustrate the present tense:
a. Nditya (I eat)
b. Andityi (I do not eat).
c. Ndiyatya (I am eating).
d. Andityi (I am not eating).
e. Utya isonka (you eat the bread).
f. Akutyi isonka (you do not eat the bread).
g. U-ya-tya (you eat it).
h. A-ku-ya-tyi (you do not eat it).
10. To illustrate adverbs/prepositions:
a. Indoda itya egumbini (the man eats in the room).
b. Indoda itya ngoku (the man eats now).
c. Inoda itya kamsinya (the man eats quickly).
d. Indoda itya ngecephe (the man eats with a spoon).
.... now stop a moment ... for quiet reflection ...
.... please relax, close your eyes and let the ...
.... language live in your mind ... breath deeply ...
... feeling very well? ...
... but just a little strange?
... good ... very good ...
... on we go together ...
11. To illustrate "to be":
a. Ndiyindoda (I am a man).
b. Andiyondoda (I am not a man).
c. Ulapha (you are here).
d. Akukho apha (not).
e. U segumbini (you are in the room).
f. Akukhosegumbini (not)
12. To illustrate "to have":
a. Ndinesonka (I have the bread).
b. A ndinasonka (I do not have the bread).
c. Unaso (you have it).
d. Ukunawo (amanzi) (you do not have it).
13. To illustrate the passive tense:
a. Indoda itya isonka (the man eats the bread).
b. Isonka siityiwa yindoda
(the bread is eaten by the woman).
c. Umfazi ufuna amaninzi amanzi
(the woman wants some water).
d. Amaninzi amanzi afunwa ngumfazi
(some water is wanted by the woman).
14. To illustrate questions:
a. Indoda ngubani? (who is the man?)
b. Yintoni lena? (what is it?)
c. Yiphi (where is he?) Ukuphi? (where is she?)
d. Imalini isonka? (how much is the bread?)
15. To illustrate positive and negative:
a. Ewe (yes)
b. Hayi.
c. Ngokuqinisekileyo (definitely) !!
d. Hayi, hayi ( absolutely not) !!!
16. To illustrate "must":
a. Ndi-mele kukuba ndi-ya-na (I must have it).
b. U-mele kukuba u-hamba (you must go).
c. Wonke umntu kukuba ba-tya (everyone must eat).
d. Wonke umntu kukuba a-ba-hambi (everyone must not go).
17. To illustrate "want"
a. Ndifuna isonka (I want some bread).
b. Ufuna igumbi (you want a room).
c. Ndifuna ukutya (I want to eat).
d. Ufuna ntwana (you want some).
18. To illustrate "everyone":
a. Wonke umntu ba-lapha (everyone is here.)
b. Wonke umntu ba-tya isonka (everyone eats bread).
c. Wonke umntu ba-ya-thetha (says that).
d. Wonke umntu ba-hamba nantso (goes there).
19. To illustrate relative pronouns:
a. Indoda elapha (the man who is here).
b. Indoda enditya nayo (the man with whom I eat).
c. Indoda endiyifunayo (the man that I want).
d. Isonka endisityayo (the bread which I eat).
20. To illustrate the past tense:
a. Bendisitya (I was eating).
b. Bendingatyi (I was not eating).
c. Utyile isonka (you have eaten the bread).
d. Akusitya isonka (you have not eaten the bread).
21. To illustrate the future tense:
a. Ndizakutya (I will eat).
b. Andizikutya (I will not eat.)
c. Uzakutya isonka (you will eat the bread).
d. Akuzikutya isonka (you will not eat the bread).
22. To illustrate exclamations:
... put zulu into xhosa ...
a. KancanyanaJust a little more!!
b. Icishe yenziwa Almost done!!
Kuhle kakhulu, Charlie Well done, Charlie
c. Into iphilile kumi That's OK by me!!
d. Yonke into ilungile na Is everything OK?
e. Hamba ngakwesobunxeleTurn left.
Hamba ngakwesobunxeleTurn right.
Hamba ngaphambi Go ahead.
Qonda Keep going.
f. Yima lapha Stop right here!!!
g. Kuhle OK!
Khule kakhulu Terrific!
Ubucwazicwazi Stupendous!
Unongonongo Great!
Mpilonde ... Long life ...
h. Ivumekililet Really not too bad
i. Yebo, bayakwenza Yes you do
Cha, angikwenzi No I don't!
Yebo, bayakwenza Yes you do
Cha, angikwenziNo I don't!
j. I don't understandAngi-si-qondi
Try to do it!Linga ukuwenza!
Part C Word Recognition Routine (4 minutes)
Now look up the glossary and do the following exercise:
1.Search new words, say them many times in the target language, and think them (but do not say) in your own language.
2.Then work through one section of a phrase book to understand everything.
Part D Repetition (1 minute)
Now SING or CHANT ... WHILE BEATING TIME ON THE TABLE ... the rhythm is vital ... to get into the real music of the language ... this is very important ... so try very hard to get right into the MOOD ... three times ... please ...
uphiumfazi wami o lungile?
liphi igumbi lami eli lungile?
siphi isinkwa sami esi lungile?
luphi uthi lwami olu lungile?
ulapha? Hayi akakho apha!
silapha? Hayi asikho apha!
lilapha? Hayi alikho apha!
zilapha? Hayi azikho apha!
umfazi ulapha? cha! akakho lapha!!
igumbi lilapha? cha! alikho lapha!!
isinkwa silapha? cha! asikho lapha!!
uthi lulapha? cha! alukho lapha!!
Part E Simple Grammatical Summary (5 minutes)
Try to complete a little more each day ... until at the end of a week it is complete.
SIMPLIFIED GRAMMATICAL SUMMARY
1.Alphabet, Pronunciation & Accents
Normal English letters without accents.
Clicks:
X click to encourage a horse
Q plock of a cork from a bottle
C click of disapproval
No accents but words joined together:
a + u = o
e.g.: n-a + u-mfazi = n-o-mfazi
a + i = e
a + a = a
Inserted letters = ndilapha = ndilapha
Changed letters = intwan-a u-tywala = intwana y-o-tywala
Note: With lots and lots of ... "clicks" and "yo/ya/ku's" ...
inserted ... to make the language ... beautiful ...
2. Numbers
1 inye 6 zintandathu11 lishumi elinanye
2 zimbini 7 zisixhenxe 12 lishumi elinambini
3 zintathu 8 ziisibhozo 20 amashumi amabini
4 zine 9 zilithoba 30 amashumi anathathu
5 zintlanu10 zilishumi 40 amashumi amane
50 amashumi amahlanu
60 amashumi amathandathu
70 amashumi asixhenxe
80 amashumi asibhozo
90 amashumi asithoba
100 ikhulu
1000 iwaka
1st kuqala 1/4 ikota
2nd sibini 1/2 isiqingatha
3rd sithathu 3/4 ikota ezintathu
3.Nouns
a.Same noun form for nominative, accusative etc., but ...
b.Separate prefixes for eight different classes of nouns that affect adjectives, interrogatives, etc.
Class
Noun"black""is here"Prefix
1.umfazio-mnyamau ulaphaUM/O/U
abafaziabamnyama balapha ABA/BA
2.umthi omnyam ulapha UM/O/U
imithiemnyama ilapha IMI/E/I
3.igumbi elimnyama lilapha I/E/LI
magumbiamnyamaba-lapha AMA/A/A
4.sisonka esimnyama silapha IS/ESI/SI
zisonkaezimnyama zilapha IZ/EZI/ZI
5.indlu/iemnyama ilapha I/E/I
izindluezimnyama zilapha IZI/EZI/ZI
6.uluthiolumnyama lulapha ULU/OLU/LU
izinthi ezimnyama zilapha IZIN/EZI/ZI
7.utywala obumnyama bulapha U/OBU/BU
utywalaobumnyama bulapha U/OBU/BU
8.ukutya okumnyama kulapha U/OKU/KU
ukutya okumnyama kulapha U/OKU/KU
4.Pronouns
(a) Personal
Nom.Acc.Gen.Dat.Abl.
mna/ndimnaamum-um
wena/uwenaakkhowe-we
yena/uyenaakheuye-uye
yena/uyenaakheuye-uye
yona/iyonaayouyo-uyo
thina/sithinaethuuthi-uthi
nina/nininaenuni-ni
bona/babonaaboubo-ubo
Note: Personal pronouns shortened after "together with" thus
"kunye na-man" is "kunye nam" not "kunye na mna":
kunyenamna= kunye nam
kunyenawena=kunye nawe
kunye nayena=kunye naye
kunyenayena=kunye naye
kunyenayona=kunye nayo
kunyenathina=kunye nathi
kunyenanina=kunye nani
kunyenabona=kunye nabo
(b) Demonstrative
classthisthatathe
umfazillo
umthi llo
igumbielieliya
isonkaesiesiya
indluleleyo
uluthioluoluya
utywalobuobuya
ukutyaokuokuya
(c) Relative
classwho whichthat
umfazioo
ummthioo
igumbielieli
isonkaesiesi
indluee
uluthioluolu
utywalaobuobu
ukutyaokuoku
(d) Interrogative
classwho?what?when?where?
umfazingabaniyintonininiuphi
umthingabaniyinntonininiuphi
igumbingabaniyintonininiliphi
isonkangabaniyintonininisiphi
indlungabaniyintoninini iphi
uluthingabaniyintonininiluphi
utywalangabaniyintonininibuphi
ukutyangabaniyintoninini kuphi
howwhichhow manywhy?whose
unjaniyintonibangaphikuthenikabani
unjaniyintonimingaphikuthenikabani
linjaniyintonimangaphikuthenilikbani
sinjaniyintonizingaphikuthenisikabani
ijaniyintonizingaphikuthenikabani
lunjaniyintonizingaphikuthenilukabani
bunjaniyintonibungaphikuthenibukabani
kunjaniyintonikungaphikuthenikukabani
(e) Indefinite
anybody nabani anything into
somebody umntu othilesomething into
nobody akukho umntu nothing akukho nto
everybody wonke umntu everythingyonke into
anywhere n-iphi-na few mbalwa
somewhere ndaweni ithilenowhere akukho phi
everywhere indawo yonke every nke
somentwanaallkonke
5. Prepositions
in nga phambibehind emva
up phezu under phansi
less nga-nenoon phezu
near kufutshi down phantsi
more nga-phezulubefore phambi
far kude
to ku/e duringekubeni
some intwanaafter emva
or nokuba
a - from ku/e
at ne/kwaalso futhi/njalo
with ngothe i/u (etc)
6. Conjuctions
and no/na/ne
therefore ngoko
that lelo/leliya
but kodwa
why kutheni
before nga-phambili
although nangana
then ixesha
when xa
because ngokuba
so ukuba
after emva
where upho
also kanjalo
7. Interjections
ohyoh
really inene?
actually eneneni
8.Adjectives
bad -bigood lungile/hle
difficult nzimaeasy lula
high phezulu low-phantsi
useful noncedo
cheap tshipu dear duru
clean cocakile dirty mdaka
cold banda hot shushu
wrong akulungileright lungile
early -kusasalate kade
hungry lambile thirstynxaniwe
young tsha new tsha
old dalamore-nga-phezulu
clever nengqondoimportant balukekile
short futshane long de