Special Ed Praxis Prep

  1. In making decisions about curriculum and instruction for a student with a disability, which of the following types of information is generally the most useful?
  2. Scores from standardized tests
  3. The category of the disability
  4. Curriculum-based assessment
  5. The amount of time the student spends in the resource room
  1. Randi is a 12 year old who scores within the average range for her age on the Woodcock-Johnson Cognitive Battery but is significantly below grade level in reading and writing, and at grade level in math. This profile is most consistent with a possible diagnosis of
  2. Mild mental retardation
  3. Specific learning disability
  4. Attention-deficit disorder
  5. Autism
  1. IDEA ’97 requires which of the following on an individualized education plan (IEP)?
  2. A statement that explains why the placement is the least-restrictive environment
  3. A multiyear outline of instructional objectives
  4. A guarantee that the student will achieve the goals of the IEP
  5. A budget for the services the student will receive
  1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective inclusive schools?
  2. Collaboration among professionals
  3. A philosophy that celebrates diversity
  4. Use of cooperative learning
  5. An emphasis on categorical placement of students with disabilities
  1. “Filling out applications”, “after-school job working with electrician”, tutoring in functional reading skills” are all activities listed on Jeff’s individualized transition plan (ITP). Jeff’s long-term goal is most likely to
  2. attend a four-year college
  3. obtain skilled or semiskilled employment
  4. live in a group home
  5. work in a sheltered workshop
  1. Mobility training for students who are visually impaired can involve all of the following devices EXCEPT
  2. A Mowat sensor
  3. A laser cane
  4. A sonic guide
  5. An Optacon scanner
  1. Two tests that could be used to identify a student as having mental retardation are
  2. WISC-III and WJ Tests of Achievement
  3. WJ Cognitive Battery and WJ Tests of Achievement
  4. MMPI and Meyers-Briggs
  5. Stanford-Binet and Scales of Independent Behavior
  1. The most frequently occurring permanently disabling birth defect, characterized by an abnormal opening in the spinal column, is called
  2. Spina bifida
  3. Cerebral palsy
  4. Muscular dystrophy
  5. Multiple sclerosis
  1. A curriculum that focuses on teaching functional and independent living skills, utilizes augmentative communication and assistive technology, and provides for extensive support in the classroom is most likely used with students with
  2. Learning disabilities
  3. Multiple and severe disabilities
  4. Emotional or behavioral disorders
  5. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
  1. Diana v. State Board of Education, 1970, Larry P. v. Riles, 1972, and Lau v. Nichols, 1974, influenced the drafting of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and addressed the issue of
  2. Zero reject
  3. Expulsions
  4. Nondiscriminatory assessment
  5. Out-of-state schooling
  1. In order to identify a student with learning disabilities, most examiners are concerned with a discrepancy between
  2. Ability and achievement tests, with ability being higher than achievement
  3. Ability and achievement tests, with achievement being higher than ability
  4. Curriculum-based assessment (CBA) and achievement tests, with CBA being higher than achievement
  5. CBA and achievement tests, with achievement being higher than CBA
  1. IDEA ’97 contains all the following provisions EXCEPT
  2. Nondiscriminatory testing
  3. IEP’s for college students 21 or younger
  4. Education in the least-restrictive environment
  5. Mandated transition planning
  1. On the basis of cases such as Hudson v. Rowley (1982), the courts have determined that “appropriate education” means that
  2. Students will have all the resources and related services needed to fulfill their potential
  3. Services that maximize achievement will be provided as long as the cost is not prohibitive
  4. Learners with disabilities will have the opportunity to achieve commensurate with peers
  5. Interpreters will be provided for all deaf students
  1. In a full-inclusion model, services to students with disabilities are available in
  2. General-education classrooms
  3. Resource rooms
  4. Self-contained classrooms
  5. Special schools
  1. From a functional perspective, deafness is related to difficulties with the ability to
  2. Hear sounds
  3. Hear and understand speech
  4. Read lips
  5. Hear frequencies above 10,000 hz
  1. Many students with disabilities receive instruction in social skills because
  2. Social skills are crucial for successful inclusive education
  3. They are unable to benefit from educational training
  4. Teachers in general education focus primarily on social skills instruction
  5. Social skills are easier to teach than academic skills
  1. According to a behavioral classroom management model, if a student exhibits an inappropriate behavior, the teacher should
  2. Reinforce the inappropriate behavior
  3. Reinforce an appropriate but incompatible behavior
  4. Negatively reinforce the inappropriate
  5. Talk about the reasons for the problem with the student
  1. Which of the following is true about a full-inclusion program?
  2. The student spends part of the day in the general education classroom and part in the resource room
  3. The student spends the entire day in the resource room
  4. The student does not need any support services
  5. The general education teacher and the special education teacher share the responsibility for the student’s education
  1. Shania is a student with learning disabilities in the tenth grade. Because her reading level is low, she receives direct instruction in decoding skills to facilitate recognition of high-frequency words. Shania’s instruction represents a
  2. Remedial approach
  3. Compensatory approach
  4. Holistic approach
  5. Learning modality approach
  1. The most likely reason for administering the entire Woodcock-Johnson Psychoeducational Battery, Third Edition, to a student would be in an evaluation for
  2. Mental retardation
  3. Learning disabilities
  4. Serious emotional disturbance
  5. Attention-deficit disorder
  1. In order to meet the needs of an infant or toddler with disabilities, the results of an evaluation are used to develop an
  2. IEP
  3. IFSP
  4. ITP
  5. ISP
  1. Which of the following instructional approaches does NOT involve student-to-student interaction?
  2. Cooperative learning
  3. Cross-age grouping
  4. Direct instruction
  5. Study skills groups
  1. Adapting existing vocal and gestural abilities; teaching manual signing, static symbols, or icons; and using technological devices for speech and language are all examples of
  2. Assistive technology
  3. Blissymbols
  4. Synthesized speech
  5. Augmentative communication
  1. Mitch is a college-bound high school senior with learning disabilities. His IEP indicates that he uses a tape recorder in his English class and a calculator for taking tests in Algebra 2. These accommodations are examples of
  2. Assistive technology
  3. Personal computing support
  4. Remediation
  5. Self-management
  1. About 80 percent of all speech disorders are characterized by difficulties with
  2. Fluency
  3. Delayed speech onset
  4. Articulation
  5. Voice
  1. Most people with severe and multiple disabilities have a primary condition of
  2. Emotional disturbance
  3. Cerebral palsy
  4. Sensory impairment
  5. Mental retardation
  1. Students with mild mental retardation make up what percentage of all students identified with mental retardation?
  2. 90%
  3. 70%
  4. 50%
  5. less that 50%
  1. Using objectives from the student’s work in class as a means to evaluate progress and adapt instruction is known as
  2. Curriculum-based assessment
  3. Standardized achievement testing
  4. Adaptive skills instruction
  5. Guided practice
  1. All of the following are components of IDEA ’97 EXCEPT
  2. Parents who believe the school’s evaluation is inadequate may request an independent evaluation
  3. Autism is considered a specific disability category
  4. A student with a disability who brings drugs or weapons to school may be expelled
  5. ADD/ADHD is considered a specific disability category
  1. Placing students with the same disabilities together for instructional purposes represents a
  2. Categorical approach
  3. Cross-categorical approach
  4. Noncategorical approach
  5. Least-restrictive-environment approach
  1. Bruce and Lou, who sit next to each other, distract each other in the classroom. The teacher has tried rewarding them for appropriate behavior, but their behavior has not changed. The teacher then changes their seating so that they are on opposite ends of the classroom, They now rarely distract each other. This is an example of
  2. Manipulating the consequent stimulus
  3. Manipulating the antecedent stimulus
  4. Ignoring inappropriate behavior
  5. Using the Premack Principle
  1. In order to be identified as having mental retardation, a child must demonstrate significantly subaverage intellectual functioning and
  2. A discrepancy between ability and achievement
  3. Genetic abnormalities
  4. Seizure syndrome and brain dysfunction
  5. Related limitation on tow or more areas of adaptive skills
  1. Having students keep track of their own behavior and then receive rewards for appropriate behavior is known as
  2. Contingency-based self-management
  3. Functional assessment
  4. Reality therapy
  5. Ecological assessment
  1. Which of the following would be most indicative of a receptive language disorder?
  2. A student uses the same words and phrases over and over again in different situations
  3. A student hesitates before talking and rarely initiates conversation
  4. A student look at the other students to see what they are doing when directions are given
  5. A student cannot hear the teacher unless the teacher raises his or her voice
  1. A psychoanalytic approach would explain behavior disorders as resulting from
  2. An individual’s self concept
  3. Learned inappropriate behaviors
  4. Neurological abnormalities
  5. Early traumatic experiences
  1. A teacher who sets explicit and clear goals for each lesson, presents a logical sequence of tasks, gives clear directions on how to do each task, models the task, engages the student in guided practice, asks frequent questions, gives feedback, and does not move on to the next task until the student masters the one at hand is using
  2. A metacognitive approach
  3. Diagnostic-prescriptive method
  4. Direct instruction
  5. Cooperative learning
  1. A resource room teacher would be most likely to contact an occupational therapist for help with
  2. Counseling a high school student in learning disabilities about applying to college
  3. Teaching a student with muscular dystrophy how to paint with a brush
  4. Talking to parents about their genetic risk of producing a seriously ill infant
  5. Arranging a play-therapy group for young students with disabilities
  1. Approximately two-thirds of children with attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder have some kind of
  2. Conduct disorder
  3. Learning disability
  4. Mental retardation
  5. Tic or twitching
  1. Students with learning disabilities account for approximately what percentage of the students in special education?
  2. 5%
  3. 10%
  4. 33%
  5. 50%
  1. Cedric is a fourth grader who seems to be having difficulty keeping up with reading tasks. His parents are interested in looking into the possibility of special education services. They have made an appointment with Cedric’s teacher and the special education teacher who works with fourth-grade students. The likely first step the school will take is
  2. Prereferral screening and in-class observation
  3. Formal testing and evaluation for learning disabilities
  4. Having the parents meet with the principal to discourage them from looking into special education services
  5. Ordering books-on-tape for all of Cedric’s fourth-grade texts
  1. Chelsea, a student with a mild hearing loss, often has difficulty following the teacher’s directions in class, particularly when the teacher is doing work at the blackboard. Which of the following suggestions would be a most appropriate first step for the teacher to try to improve Chelsea’s behavior?
  2. Repeat all directions directly into Chelsea’s ear
  3. Do not give directions when facing the board
  4. Provide an interpreter for Chelsea
  5. Have another student write down all assignments for Chelsea
  1. Nicky is a fifth-grade student. On an informal reading inventory, his independent grade-reading level was 3.0, his instructional level was 3.7, and his frustration level was 4.2. Which of the following is the most sensible advice for a special education teacher to give to Nicky’s social studies teacher?
  2. Continue too use fifth-grade reading material, which will force Nicky to catch up
  3. Try to find and use content-appropriate reading at a fourth-grade level.
  4. Try to find and use content-appropriate reading at a third-grade level
  5. Excuse Nicky from social studies reading
  1. Roberto, who speaks English as a second language, has been having difficulty with reading and writing tasks in his third-grade class. After he is referred for testing, his scores on the WISC-III are significantly subaverage. His family contests the results of the testing. Which of the following principles from IDEA ’97 can they cite as inconsistent with the test?
  2. Zero reject
  3. Nondiscriminatory assessment
  4. Parent participation
  5. Individualized education
  1. Which of the following would be an appropriate functional writing unit for high school students with mild mental retardation?
  2. Systematic practice in cursive writing
  3. Learning to fill out applications for college
  4. Learning to fill out job applications
  5. Learning to spell basic sight words
  1. All of the following methods are designed to decrease or extinguish behavior EXCEPT
  2. Ignoring the target behavior
  3. Cost response for the target behavior
  4. Punishment for the target behavior
  5. Negative reinforcement of the target behavior
  1. Which of the following perspectives attributes emotional and behavioral disorders to poor interaction with the environment, in which the student and the environment affect each other reciprocally, and often advocates interventions that involve altering the entire social system?
  2. Behavior
  3. Ecological
  4. Humanistic
  5. Psychoanalytic
  1. Requiring all members of a group to achieve a certain goal before any member of the group receives an award is an example of
  2. Group-contingency contracting
  3. Operant conditioning
  4. Response cost
  5. Cognitive behavior modification
  1. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales would most likely be used in the diagnosis of
  2. Gifted and talented
  3. Learning disabilities
  4. Mental retardation
  5. Fragile X syndrome
  1. Planning that includes goals and objectives addressing future employment, independent living, adult services, and community participation for students 14 years and older with disabilities is known as
  2. An individualized education plan (IEP)
  3. An individualized transition plan (ITP)
  4. An individualized family service plan (IFSP)
  5. A regular education initiative (REI)
  1. Tim is a student with a behavior disorder who talks back to his teacher so much that he consistently disrupts the rest of the class. The teacher has asked the administration to suspend Tim for several days. The administration responds that it will not suspend Tim because his behavior is connected to his disability. Suspending him would be discriminating against Tim on the basis of his disability. The principle of IDEA ’97 that supports the administration’s decision is
  2. Due process
  3. Nondiscriminatory assessment
  4. Parental participation
  5. Zero reject
  1. The approach to reading instruction that uses students’ language and experiences and in which reading is taught as a meaning-oriented, integrated activity rather than as a collection of separate skills is called
  2. Whole language
  3. Phonics
  4. Linguistic
  5. Basal
  1. Which principle of IDEA ’97 requires including students with disabilities in general education settings to the extent that the individual needs of the students are met?
  2. Zero reject
  3. Due process
  4. Individualized education
  5. Least-restrictive environment
  1. A 14 year old boy with mild autism would be LEAST likely to have which of the following components in his curriculum?
  2. Functional academics on how to read bus schedules
  3. Social-skills training in how to join a conversation
  4. Reading instruction in a second-grade text
  5. Career interest development
  1. Natalie has occasional outbursts or temper tantrums during class. She tends to be disruptive because her outbursts often last for long periods of time. Her teacher wants to intervene but knows that it is important to do baseline assessment. The most useful type of assessment for this behavior would come from
  2. Interval recording
  3. Event recording
  4. Time sampling
  5. Duration recording
  1. All of the following are the components of the AAMR definition of mental retardation EXCEPT
  2. Significantly subaverage intellectual performance
  3. Deficits in two or more areas of adaptive behavior
  4. Primarily genetic causation
  5. Manifestation during developmental period
  1. Some students with disabilities have a tendency to give up because they think that they will fail no matter how hard they try. This phenomenon is known as
  2. Conduct disorder
  3. Learned helplessness
  4. Social maladjustment
  5. Metacognition
  1. Which of the following activities would be LEAST likely to foster parent-teacher cooperation?
  2. Inviting parents to participate in the classroom
  3. Frequent communication
  4. Listening to parents
  5. Inviting all the student’s teachers to the IEP meeting
  1. An organization that was founded in 1922 to advocate for all children with disabilities was
  2. Association for Retarded Citizens (ARC
  3. Council for Exceptional Children (CEC)
  4. Learning Disabilities Association (LDA)
  5. Children and Adults with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD)
  1. The approach that categorizes exceptionality as the statistical degree to which an individual deviates from the average in terms of cognitive, social-emotional, and physical disabilities is called
  2. Sociological
  3. Cultural
  4. Developmental
  5. Individual
  1. Andrea is a student with a mild conductive hearing loss. She is likely to make use of
  2. A cochlear implant
  3. ASL as her primary language
  4. A hearing aid
  5. A hearing guide dog