______
Grade By Name
Unit 9 – Challenges and Changes
Chapter 27 – The Civil Rights Movement
Section 1 – Early Demands for Equality
Matching Directions: Place the letter of the correct term from the word bank with the description that best matches. For the terms that are NOT used, write a brief definition on a separate sheet of paper.
Montgomery bus boycott
Earl Warren
Civil Rights Act of 1957
de facto segregation
de jure segregation
Thurgood Marshall
Rosa Parks
1. segregation by custom or tradition
______
2. Chief Justice of the Supreme Court at the time of Brown v. Board of Education
______
3. held to protest the arrest of Rosa Parks
______
4. gave the U.S. Attorney General greater power to protect the voting rights of African Americans
______
5. refused to relinquish a bus seat to a white passenger
______
6. segregation imposed by law
______
Multiple Choice Directions: Write the letter of the best answer or ending in each blank.
7. Jim Crow laws were _____.
a. laws that protected African Americans
b. laws that restricted African American voting rights in the North
c. laws that enforced the strict separation of the races
d. laws that restored equal rights to blacks
8. The civil rights organization that won a number of important court cases against segregation in the 1950s was _____.
a. SCLC
b. CORE
c. MIA
d. NAACP
9. The members of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) believed _____.
a. that separation of the races was essential to equality
b. that violence was necessary to achieve racial goals
c. that direct, nonviolent methods could gain civil rights for African Americans
d. that they should oppose the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
10. The city to which city did President Eisenhower sent federal troops to protect African American students _____.
a. Montgomery, Alabama
b. Little Rock, Arkansas
c. Topeka, Kansas
d. Baltimore, Maryland
Section 2 – The Movement Gains Ground
Matching Directions: Write the correct term from the word bank to complete each statement. For the terms that are NOT used, write a brief definition on a separate sheet of paper.
sit-in
SNCC
freedom ride
James Meredith
Medgar Evers
March on Washington
Civil Rights Act of 1964
11. The ______was established by Ella Baker.
12. The ______passed by Congress during the Johnson administration.
13. The ______was one type of protest used by civil rights activists.
14. ______sought to enroll at “Ole Miss.”
15. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech during the ______
______.
16. ______was assassinated in 1963.
Multiple Choice Directions: Write the letter of the best answer or ending in each blank.
17. In response to riots over desegregating the Ole Miss, President Kennedy declared that _____.
a. Americans were free to disagree with the law but not to disobey it.
b. Americans were free to disobey “bad laws.”
c. James Meredith could not register as a student.
d. African Americans had to accept segregation.
18. Many Americans were surprised when President Johnson supported civil rights because
a. as a congressman, he had authored “The Southern Manifesto”
b. he was a Southerner with an undistinguished record on racial matters
c. he had never been a strong supporter of Southern traditions
d. he had openly supported segregation
19. T. Eugene Connor reacted to civil rights marchers in Birmingham by _____.
a. meeting publicly with civil rights leaders
b. proposing a law to end segregation in Alabama
c. bringing in the National Guard
d. ordering the use of police dogs and fire hoses against the marchers
20. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 forbids discrimination in employment on the basis of _____.
a. education.
b. race.
c. age.
d. gender.
Section 3 – New Successes and Challenges
Matching Directions: Read each sentence, and decide if it is true or false. Write T or F in the blank to the left of the number. If a sentence is false, replace the underlined word(s) with a term or person from the list to make the statement correct.
Freedom Summer
Frannie Lou Hamer
Black Panther
Fair Housing Act
the Kerner Commission
March on Washington
Civil Rights Act of 1964
21. Malcolm X spoke at the 1964 Democratic Convention.
______
22. The Twenty-fourth Amendment addressed discrimination in housing.
______
23. While in prison, Malcolm X became a convert to the Nation of Islam.
______
24. Huey Newton and Bobby Seale formed the Black Power party in Oakland, California.
______
25. President Johnson appointed the MFDP to investigate the causes of urban riots.
______
26. Stokely Carmichael first used the term “black power”.
______
Multiple Choice Directions: Write the letter of the best answer or ending in each blank.
27. The first of the confrontations on the Edmund Pettus Bridge during the march on Selma became known as _____.
a. “Black Friday”
b. “Freedom Summer”
c. “Selma Saturday”
d. “Bloody Sunday”
28. Not long after the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, African Americans in several cities _____.
a. rioted
b. assumed public office
c. reelected President Johnson
d. moved to the suburbs
29. In many cities after Dr. King’s assassination _____.
a. local civil rights demonstrators declared martial law
b. there was little reaction to King’s death
c. riots broke out
d. black citizens stopped registering to vote
30. An argument that people used to prevent affirmative action was _____.
a. it would eventually end segregation
b. it would remedy the legacy of racial discrimination
c. it would provide equal opportunities to all
d. it would violate the goal of creating a colorblind society
Document-Based Assessment
Civil Disobedience: During the 1960s, Martin Luther King, Jr., advocated the use of civil disobedience to end segregation in the South. What forms of civil disobedience were effective tools in ending segregation? Was nonviolence more effective than violence in achieving civil rights for African Americans? Use your knowledge of the civil rights movement and Documents A, B, C, and D to answer questions 31 through 33.
Document A
“. . . Unjust laws exist; shall we be content to obey them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress them at once? Men generally, under such a government as this, think that they ought to wait until they have persuaded the majority to alter them. They think that, if they should resist, the remedy would be worse than the evil. But it is the fault of the government itself that the remedy is worse than the evil. It makes it worse. Why is it not more apt to anticipate and provide for reform?
Why does it not cherish its wise minority? Why does it cry and resist before it is hurt? Why does it not encourage its citizens to be on the alert to point out its faults, and do better than it would have them?”
—Henry David Thoreau, Civil Disobedience, 1849
Document B
“The only time I hear people talk about nonviolence is when black people move to defend themselves against white people. . . . White people beat up black people every day— Don’t nobody talk about nonviolence. But as soon as black people start to move, the double standard comes into being. . . . We are on the move for our liberation. . . . We are concerned with getting the things we want, the things that we have to have to be able to function. . . . The question is, Will white people overcome their racism and allow for that to happen in this country? If that does not happen, brothers, and sisters, we have no choice but to say very clearly, ‘Move over, or we’re going to move on over you.’”
—Stokely Carmichael speech, 1966
Document C
Document D
“Oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever. The yearning for freedom eventually manifests itself, and that is what has happened to the American Negro. . . . If one recognizes this vital urge that has engulfed the Negro community, one should readily understand why public demonstrations are taking place. The Negro has many pent-up resentments and latent frustrations, and he must release them. So let him march; let him make prayer pilgrimages to the city hall; let him go on freedom rides—and try to understand why he must do so. If his repressed emotions are not released in nonviolent ways, they will seek expression through violence; this is not a threat but a fact of history. So I have not said to my people: ‘Get rid of your discontent.’ Rather, I have tried to say that this normal and healthy discontent can be channeled into the creative outlet of nonviolent direct action.”
—Martin Luther King, Jr., “Letter From Birmingham Jail,” 1963
31. The document that advocates the use of violence if racism against African Americans is not ended is _____.
a. Document A
b. Document B
c. Document C
d. Document D
32. According to Document D, Martin Luther King, Jr., described demonstrations such as freedom rides as _____.
a. unjust laws
b. expression through violence
c. nonviolent direct action
d. discrimination
33. According to Document A, Thoreau thinks the role of government in addressing unjust laws should be _____.
a. the government should listen only to the majority viewpoint
b. the government should listen to the minority viewpoint
c. violence should be used as an option to end oppression
d. the public should be content with the laws