CHAPTER 1: THE NATURE OF HUMAN RELATIONS
TRUE/FALSE
1.John is the manager of a local drug store. In order to be an effective manager, he must be interested in the organization’s people but not in the organization’s global objectives.
a. True
b. False
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2.Human relations is a process by which management brings workers into contact with the organization in such a way that the objectives of both groups are achieved.
a. True
b. False
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3.The effective manager is more concerned with keeping the workers happy than with getting the work out.
a. True
b. False
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4.Effective managers realize that human relations is important only at the top level of the organization.
a. True
b. False
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5.Scientific managers were, in many cases, mechanical engineers by training.
a. True
b. False
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6.Scientific managers had no knowledge of the effects of plant design, plant layout, and motion study.
a. True
b. False
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7.The scientific manager trained the workers to do more work in the same amount of time for the same amount of money.
a. True
b. False
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8.The scientific manager were looking for the “one best man” for all jobs.
a. True
b. False
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9.Ben was a mechanical engineer in the post-Civil War era. He was most likely a part of the behavioral management movement.
a. True
b. False
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10.Many scientific managers viewed the workers as factors of production rather than as human beings.
a. True
b. False
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11.The scientific managers believed that if a worker could not meet standards, he should be continually retrained and given another chance.
a. True
b. False
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12.The Hawthorne studies began by investigating the relationship between illumination and output.
a. True
b. False
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13.Through careful research, the Hawthorne experimenters were able to prove that there was an ideal amount of illumination that would lead to maximum output in every case.
a. True
b. False
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14.In 1924, Renee participated in the Hawthorne studies at the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric. During phase 3 of the study, Renee most likely participated in an interview consisting of indirect questioning.
a. True
b. False
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15.The Hawthorne experiments, during the interview phase of the studies, switched from nondirect to direct questioning.
a. True
b. False
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16.The Hawthorne researchers found that there were social networks in the formal structure.
a. True
b. False
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17.The traditional model and the human resources model are synonymous concepts.
a. True
b. False
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18.Those who subscribe to the human resources model would be supporters of System 1 management.
a. True
b. False
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19.Management at ABC Corporation typically has little confidence in subordinates and makes most of the decisions and passes them down the line. These managers can be referred to as benevolent autocratic.
a. True
b. False
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20.Nada, a manager at Computers-For-You, communicates with both subordinates and peers when making decisions. There is an atmosphere of mutual confidence and trust. Nada is a participative democratic manager.
a. True
b. False
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21.A comprehensive organizational change project involving the Weldon Company has been well documented. In this project, substantial changes were made in the organization’s work flow, training programs, leadership styles, incentive and reward systems, and use of employees as a source of expertise. Improvements in all aspects of the organization occurred. The Weldon Company can be said to have converted to System 4.
a. True
b. False
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22.The scientific managers would have been much more likely to use a System 1 or System 2 style of management as opposed to a System 3 or System 4.
a. True
b. False
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23.In a System 3 approach to management, there is a cooperative attitude among peers.
a. True
b. False
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24.In a System 2 approach to management, there is relatively little cooperative team work.
a. True
b. False
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25.In a System 1 approach to management, goals are fully accepted.
a. True
b. False
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26.The first step in the scientific method is to identify the problem.
a. True
b. False
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27.The scientific method has one characteristic that no other method of attaining knowledge has: self-direction.
a. True
b. False
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28.Benito is utilizing the scientific method to determine why his employees have decreased in productivity. He is currently in step three which consists of classifying the information.
a. True
b. False
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29.Sally is a psychologist and is interested in individual behavior while Jeff is a sociologist and concerned with group behavior. Sally and Jeff are behavioral scientists.
a. True
b. False
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30.A control group is one that is given some form of treatment and then studied to see what effect this treatment has had.
a. True
b. False
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31.Unstructured interviews have neither a set format nor any predetermined questions; the interviewer lets the meeting move along any lines that develop.
a. True
b. False
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32.In contrast to generalizations, hunches, opinions, and gut feelings, modern human relations is based on empirical information that is systematically gathered and analyzed by trained behavioral scientists.
a. True
b. False
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33.Behavioral scientists use their knowledge to help managers motivate and lead people.
a. True
b. False
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34.Birth-order rank data findings are widely accepted by behavioral scientists.
a. True
b. False
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35.According to birth-order rank findings, the oldest-brother of brothers would be a better leader than the youngest-brother of brothers.
a. True
b. False
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36.Some markets believe that birth-order rank has value in choosing whom to pitch ideas to.
a. True
b. False
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37.Birth-order rank data is widely used in hiring lower-level managers but not in recruiting senior-level executives.
a. True
b. False
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38.Today birth-order rank data is regarded as pop psychology and has been widely discredited.
a. True
b. False
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39.Birth-order rank findings reveal that later-born children tend to make more effective senior managers than do first-born children.
a. True
b. False
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40.Liam is the oldest of three brothers. According to birth-order rank, he is seen as an irregular worker and is best at scientific or artistic endeavors.
a. True
b. False
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41.Highly creative and talented people make up what today is known as knowledge workers.
a. True
b. False
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42.Buckman Laboratories International, Inc., a manufacturer of specialty chemicals for aqueous industrial systems, connects all its associates worldwide via the Internet and allows them to take courses from an electronic learning center. Buckman Laboratories is creating a knowledge-sharing culture.
a. True
b. False
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43.Using interactive learning tools like Share Net allows companies to increase production and reduce expenses.
a. True
b. False
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44.Because knowledge workers are expensive to train and maintain, companies such as Oracle and Intel are eliminating R & D centers in India.
a. True
b. False
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45.Recent research reveals that knowledge workers are very loyal to their company and it is very hard to attract them away.
a. True
b. False
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46.By 2010, the number of workers aged 35-44 will decline by 19%.
a. True
b. False
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47.By the year 2050 Black Americans will account for around 25 percent of the work force.
a. True
b. False
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48.By the year 2050 approximately 22 percent of those in the work force will be Hispanics.
a. True
b. False
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49.Today, African American women earn approximately 90 percent of that paid to white males.
a. True
b. False
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50.The Equal Pay Act was enacted in the United States in 1983 to ensure that women and men were paid the same salary for the same job.
a. True
b. False
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51.Xerox’s employee roster includes more than 50% ethnic minorities.
a. True
b. False
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52.Ethics is the study of standards and moral judgment.
a. True
b. False
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53.The Sarbanes-Oxley Act was introduced as a checks and balances system for public companies.
a. True
b. False
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54.A Code of Conduct outlines the disciplinary actions for employees that embezzle.
a. True
b. False
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55.Australia, Canada, Great Britain and the United States tend to be culturally similar.
a. True
b. False
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.Industrialism emerged in England where the primary concern of factory owners was to:
a. / improve product quality.b. / decrease error rate.
c. / improve working conditions.
d. / increase output.
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2.The concern for human relations:
a. / goes back to the beginnings of industrial growth.b. / exists only in large organizations.
c. / is largely a modern development.
d. / is greater in staff jobs than managerial jobs.
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3.The early scientific managers were primarily interested in:
a. / improving working conditions.b. / achieving the greatest amount of productivity.
c. / a better understanding of the work force.
d. / all of the above.
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4.The scientific management movement in America had its genesis in the:
a. / early 1900s. / c. / 1820s.b. / post-Civil War era. / d. / 1800s.
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5.Which of these would be of importance to a scientific manager?
a. / Plant design / c. / Motion studyb. / Time study / d. / All of the above
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6.Many people believe that modern behavioral management had its genesis in:
a. / t-groups of the 1960s.b. / early industrialism.
c. / the Hawthorne studies.
d. / the Likert profile.
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7.The greatest problem associated with scientific management was:
a. / viewing workers as factors of production.b. / discounting the importance of wages.
c. / lack of concern for worker safety.
d. / lack of acceptance within the United States.
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8.According to the scientific manager, if a machinist was needed to feed parts into a machine, a major consideration was:
a. / independent thinking.b. / independent decision making.
c. / general intellectual capability.
d. / hand-eye coordination.
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9.The first phase of the Hawthorne studies:
a. / sought to examine the relationship between illumination and output.b. / examined work output among a small group of female workers.
c. / entailed the interviewing of thousands of people.
d. / uncovered important group norms.
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10.During the interview phase of the Hawthorne studies:
a. / only women were interviewed.b. / over 250,000 interviews were held.
c. / information on illumination and output was gathered.
d. / nondirect questioning was used.
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11.The Hawthorne studies were concerned with:
a. / the effects of illumination on output.b. / a small group of workers and their performance.
c. / human relations through interview investigation.
d. / all of the above.
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12.Which of the following was not a norm of the workers in the bank wiring room?
a. / do not do too much workb. / do not participate in informal cliques -- work alone
c. / do not do too little work
d. / never tell a superior anything that will be detrimental to an associate
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13.Many behaviorists have attacked the Hawthorne findings on the grounds that:
a. / they were naive and erroneous.b. / the scientific managers were more productive.
c. / the early factory methods were better.
d. / the researchers were overly analytical.
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14.The Hawthorne studies revealed that organizations are ______networks.
a. / technological / c. / scientificb. / social / d. / economic
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15.Happy workers are ______productive workers.
a. / always / c. / not necessarilyb. / seldom / d. / never
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16.The Hawthorne studies found all of the following to be true except:
a. / the organization is a social system.b. / happy workers are productive workers.
c. / people act differently when they know they are being observed.
d. / quality of supervision has an effect on the quality of work.
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17.The ______model views personnel as untapped resources containing unlimited potential.
a. / scientific managementb. / human relations
c. / human resources
d. / human productivity
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18.It has been said that human relations is now in a:
a. / position of reversal.b. / slow down.
c. / position of power.
d. / "human resources" era.
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19.According to the human resources model, personnel are:
a. / overindulged workers.b. / untapped resources.
c. / workers with limited potential.
d. / too powerful in the organization.
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20.Which one of the following statements is most representative of the human resources model?
a. / What people earn for doing the work is more important than the work itself.b. / The manager's basic job is to supervise and control the subordinates.
c. / When subordinates make full use of their resources, work satisfaction may well improve.
d. / If the boss is fair, and the pay is decent, people will tolerate the work.
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21.Rensis Likert developed a systems concept of management in which he subscribed to:
a. / System 3 management.b. / the quantitative school of management.
c. / System 2 management.
d. / System 4 management.
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22.Which management system can be described as consultative-democratic?
a. / System 2 / c. / System 1b. / System 4 / d. / System 3
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23.System 4 management was developed by:
a. / McGregor. / c. / Bowers.b. / Blake and Mouton / d. / Likert.
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24.Which of the following best describes a System 1 manager?
a. / Consultative-democratic / c. / Benevolent-autocraticb. / Participative-democratic / d. / Exploitive-autocratic
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25.Which of the following best describes a System 2 manager?
a. / Consultative-democratic / c. / Benevolent-autocraticb. / Participative-democratic / d. / Exploitive-autocratic
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26.Scientific managers subscribe to the:
a. / human resources model.b. / traditional model.
c. / human relations model.
d. / transcendental model.
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27.Martin often acts in a condescending manner toward his subordinates. Some people have described him as a benevolent autocrat, but he could also be identified as a:
a. / System 1 manager. / c. / System 3 manager.b. / System 2 manager. / d. / System 4 manager.
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28.Which one of the following statements is most representative of the traditional resources model?
a. / People, by their very nature, dislike work.b. / Most people can exercise a great deal of self-determination.
c. / The manager should create an environment in which everyone can contribute to the limit of their ability.
d. / The manager should encourage full participation of the subordinates on important matters.
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29.A manager who has quite a bit of confidence and trust in the subordinates, and who is known as a consultative democrat, is best described as a:
a. / System 1 manager. / c. / System 3 manager.b. / System 2 manager. / d. / System 4 manager.
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30.System 4 management deals with the extent of:
a. / trust in the organization.b. / change.
c. / participativeness.
d. / work group teamwork.
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31.Which of the following best describes a System 3 manager?
a. / Consultative-democratic / c. / Benevolent-autocraticb. / Participative-democratic / d. / Exploitive-autocratic
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32.Which of the following best describes a System 4 manager?
a. / Consultative-democratic / c. / Benevolent-autocraticb. / Participative-democratic / d. / Exploitive-autocratic
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33.According to Likert, System ______organizations are the most effective.
a. / 1 / c. / 3b. / 2 / d. / 4
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34.In the scientific method, after the problem is identified, the next step is to:
a. / classify the information.b. / investigate the problem area.
c. / pose a tentative solution to the problem.
d. / obtain background information.
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35.Self-direction is a characteristic of the:
a. / leisure ethic.b. / scientific method.
c. / quantifiable ethic.
d. / middle class.
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36.The greatest barrier to understanding human relations can be found:
a. / in the manager. / c. / in the work group.b. / in the organization. / d. / in oneself.
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37.Practitioners of modern human relations know that they must step outside themselves and try to study human behavior in the workplace from a(n) ______standpoint.
a. / parallel / c. / objectiveb. / behavioral / d. / transitory
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38.Allegra has noticed that several of her employees at the deli routinely report to work late. She has decided to use the scientific method to determine why, so her first step is to
a. / get background information.b. / classify the information.
c. / state a tentative answer to the problem.
d. / quickly formulate a possible answer, test it, and use this to direct the rest of the investigation.
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39.Justin has realized that he has a higher rate of absenteeism at his store than at other stores in his retail chain. He has been using the scientific method to determine why, and his last step is to
a. / set forth a tentative answer to the problem.b. / get background information.
c. / determine the objective of the investigation.
d. / classify the information.
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