J.nr. MST-527-00104
Ref.fleba/socan
December 2, 2010
Fuel Quality Vapour Pressure Derogation (Directive 98/70/EC) - Additional information in response to request from the Commission of 20 October 2010 (CLIMA/PO/WW7nv Ares (2010) 676370)
A. Air Pollution Legislation – consequences and compliance
Question 1:
According to Annex III in directive 2001/81/EF the calculation of the emissions must be performed in accordance with the methods described in the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution and using the common EMEP/Corinair method. The National Environmental Research Institute in Denmark (DMU) is responsible for the national database for emissions to the air. DMU has stated that the Institute uses the methods described in the latest EMEP/EEA air pollutant emission inventory guidebook (2009) and the guidelines,which the Executive Body under the Convention approved in December 2009, ECE/EB.AIR/97, for the calculation of emissions from running and idling vehicles.
Question 2:
DMUhas confirmed that theirestimates of future have been carried out under the assumption that a summer vapour pressure of 70 kPa will be granted.
Question 3:
In 2009 the concentration of ozone (maximum daily 8 hour mean value)exceeded the target valueof 120 µg/m3 14 times – as a sum for all Danish measurement stations (the 2010 target value is 25 times per station). Most exceedances occurred at Ulfborg were there were 5 days above the 120 µg/m3 long term target value. Ulfborg is situated at the Danish West coast, where the air pollution is dominated by long-range transport. Other measuring stations had between 0 and 3 exceedances of 120 µg/m3. This shows that the ozone concentration inDenmarkis well below the target value in the directive even though we still have a few exceedances of the long term target valuedue to long-range transportation.
The figure below showsthat there is a decreasing trend in the ozone concentration in Denmark as a function of time. Denmark has made use of the waiver for 70 kPa vapour pressure for petrol in the summer time in the period shown.A new derogation will not have a negative influence on this trend, as the formation of ozone over Danish territory is very limited.
Question 4:
The figure below shows the concentrations of benzene measured in Denmark. The measurements have not exceeded the limit of 5µg/m3 since 1999 and in addition the concentration shows a decreasing trend. Since 1999 Denmark has used petrol with 70 kPa vapour pressure. A continuation of the derogation for 70 kPa in summertime will therefore not have a negative influence on the concentration of benzene.
B. Detailed description of the socio-economic problems
Question 1 (Appendix 1):
The future Danish production of petrol is described in tables below – referring to Appendix 1 in the Commission’s letter of 20 October 2010.
Table A: Estimated consumption of petrol in years 2010 to 20201000 m3 / 2010 / 2011 / 2012 / 2013 / 2014 / 2015 / 2016 / 2017 / 2018 / 2019 / 2020
RON 92 / 442 / 431 / 420 / 409 / 399 / 389 / 379 / 370 / 361 / 352 / 343
RON 95 / 1,704 / 1,662 / 1,620 / 1,580 / 1,540 / 1,502 / 1,464 / 1,428 / 1,392 / 1,357 / 1,323
RON 98 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 3 / 2 / 2 / 2 / 2
Total / 2,149 / 2,095 / 2,043 / 1,992 / 1,942 / 1,893 / 1,846 / 1,800 / 1,755 / 1,711 / 1,668
Table B: Petrol supply in Denmark
1000 m3 / 2010 / 2011 / 2012 / 2013 / 2014 / 2015 / 2016 / 2017 / 2018 / 2019 / 2020
Production / 2,600 / 2,600 / 2,600 / 2,600 / 2,600 / 2,600 / 2,600 / 2,600 / 2,600 / 2,600 / 2,600
Import / 800 / 780 / 761 / 741 / 723 / 705 / 687 / 670 / 653 / 637 / 621
Export / 1,250 / 1,284 / 1,317 / 1,349 / 1,380 / 1,411 / 1,440 / 1,469 / 1,498 / 1,525 / 1,552
Petrol supplied to retail sites / 2,150 / 2,096 / 2,044 / 1,993 / 1,943 / 1,894 / 1,847 / 1,801 / 1,756 / 1,712 / 1,669
Inland consumption versus total production (%) / 82.7 / 80.6 / 78.6 / 76.6 / 74.7 / 72.9 / 71.0 / 69.3 / 67.5 / 65.8 / 64.2
The information provided in tables A and B is based on a number of assumptions:
- It is assumed that the refineries production of petrol is constant in the period.
- It is assumed that the consumption of petrol will decline with 2.5 % each year from 2009 and forward.
- It is also assumed that there will be no changes in the market situation meaning that the current companies importing petrol will continue importing petrol and there will be no changes in the individual companies’ market share – and therefore a similar 2.5 % decline in the import.
- Finally, the consequence of blending in 5 – 10 % bioethanol is not taken into account. E.g. would the blending lead to a higher production of petrol from the Danish refineries and therefore a higher export - will the consequence be a higher export of chemical feedstock?
- The import includes bioethanol.
Table C: Estimated consumption of petrol for which the derogation is sought in years 2010 to 2020
1000 m3 / 2010 / 2011 / 2012 / 2013 / 2014 / 2015 / 2016 / 2017 / 2018 / 2019 / 2020
RON 98 / 575 / 561 / 547 / 533 / 520 / 507 / 494 / 482 / 470 / 458 / 446
D:
Total amount of petrol with a 70 kPa summer RVP supplied to retail outlets in 2009: 575.000 m3. Approx. 70.000 m3 contained 5 % ethanol.
E and F:
Total export in 2009: 1.200.000 m3.Of which:
- Summer grade: 400.000 m3 RVP at a maximum of 70 kPa (between 63 and 70).
- Winter grade: 800.000 m3 RVP at a maximum of 95 kPa (between 90 and 95).
Table C2: Estimated consumption of petrol for which the derogation is sought in year 2010 to 2020
1000 m3 / 2010 / 2011 / 2012 / 2013 / 2014 / 2015 / 2016 / 2017 / 2018 / 2019 / 2020
Estimated consumption / 575 / 561 / 547 / 533 / 520 / 507 / 494 / 482 / 470 / 458 / 446
Estimated average bioethanol content (%) / 5 / 5 / 5 / 5 / 7 / 8 / 9 / 10 / 10 / 10 / 10
It is assumed due to the high number of older cars in Denmark – that can not drive on E10 – that it will take several years before E10 becomes the standard grade in the Danish petrol market.
Question 2:
It would be technically possible to secure the supply of petrol with a maximum vapour pressure of 60 kPa during the summer period by adding alkylats to the petrol. However, in order to provide access to the required amounts of alkylat and, ultimately, to secure the supply of petrol with a maximum vapour pressure of 60 kPa, the Danish refineries would have to start up their own production of alkylat.
This would require an upgrade of existing refineries with alkylat production facilities. Such an upgrade would involve a likely cost of one billion DKK (approximately 150 million Euros). Any production of alkylat would, given the size of the Danish refineries, be too insignificant to make such an investment profitable and, as a result, the competitiveness of the refineries would suffer.
Furthermore, the Danish refineries do not have the required capacity to produce the raw material (alkanes) needed for the production of alkylat and, thus, would have to rely on the import from refineries abroad, primarily from refineries outside of Europe. This would again entail a risk in relation to the security of supply and, as a result, the refineries would not be able to guarantee the supply of petrol with a lower vapour pressure (60 kPa) during the summer even if the required investments in production facilities were made.
Given the above described very serious constraints and implications on the economic operation associated with the addition of alkylats as well as the difficulties described below in the response to question 3, a time table for implementing this solution has not established.
Question 3 (Appendix 2):
Typical refinery petrol recipe and quality for winter and summer
Production for domestic supply
In Denmark there are two refineries. One is situated in Jutland and one is on Zealand. They have a different setup and therefore different approaches when producing petrol for the Danish market.
Therefore it is not possible to give exact recipes for the production of petrol in Denmark. The recipes are therefore shown for both refineries.
The Danish refineries and the retail companies importing petrol cooperate on distribution of petrol. Via exchange cooperation, the individual companies use each others storage facilities and terminals thus reducing costs and CO2-emissions from distribution of petrol (and other oil products).
Refinery 1
This refinery has over the last couple of years produced petrol prepared for 5 % ethanol blending at the rack. Due to insufficient tank capacity the production for the Danish market has been 93 and 95 octane petrol and a negligible amount of 98 octane.
The 93 octane petrol is produced for blending with 5 % ethanol to give 95 octane petrol with a RVP at 70 kPa. The final blend is only distributed to stations run by this refinery’s retail operator. The 93 octane petrol is also distributed by other retail companies in Denmark as part of the exchange cooperation. The petrol is in this case marketed as 92 octane petrol.
The 95 octane petrol is distributed to other retail companies in Denmark as part of the exchange cooperation.
93 octane summer grade average recipe for 2008 – 2009. Blended with 5 % (vol) ethanol gives 95 octane RVP 70 kPa.
Vol % / RVP / RON / MOM / Aromatics / Benzen / OlefinFCC*/** / 5.4 / 55.0 / 92.0 / 81.0 / 12.0 / 0.9 / 35.0
MTBE* / 0.0 / 70.0 / 116.0 / 98.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Alkylat* / 0.5 / 45.0 / 93.0 / 90.0 / 3.0 / 0.1 / 0.0
Reformat / 50.0 / 33.5 / 99.8 / 87.9 / 68.1 / 1.5 / 0.0
IC5** / 6.0 / 220.0 / 90.5 / 86.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Butan / 0.2 / 480.0 / 95.4 / 92.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Isomerat / 33.9 / 75.0 / 87.2 / 83.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
LVN** / 4.2 / 88.0 / 72.0 / 70.0 / 3.0 / 3.0 / 0.0
Final blend / 100.0 / 63.0 / 93.4 / 85.0 / 34.8 / 0.9 / 1.9
*FCC, Alkylat and MTBE are imported
**IC5 stands for Isopentane, FCCfor Fuel Cat Cracked (petrol) and LVN for Light vacuum naphtha.
95 octane summer grade average recipe for 2008 – 2009. No blending of ethanol.
Vol % / RVP / RON / MOM / Aromatics / Benzen / OlefinFCC* / 15.1 / 55.0 / 92.0 / 81.0 / 12.0 / 0.9 / 35.0
MTBE* / 0.0 / 70.0 / 116.0 / 98.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Alkylat* / 6.2 / 45.0 / 93.0 / 90.0 / 3.0 / 0.1 / 0.0
Reformat / 48.8 / 33.5 / 99.8 / 87.9 / 68.1 / 1.5 / 0.0
IC5 / 9.7 / 220.0 / 90.5 / 86.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Butan / 1.5 / 480.0 / 95.4 / 92.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Isomerat / 18.8 / 75.0 / 87.2 / 83.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
LVN / 0.0 / 88.0 / 72.0 / 70.0 / 3.0 / 3.0 / 0.0
Final blend / 100.0 / 70.0 / 95 / 86.0 / 35.0 / 0.9 / 5.3
*FCC, Alkylat and MTBE are imported
93 octane winter grade average recipe for 2008 – 2009. Blended with 5 % (vol) ethanol it gives 95 octane RVP 95 kPa.
Vol % / RVP / RON / MOM / Aromatics / Benzen / OlefinFCC* / 4.4 / 55.0 / 92.0 / 81.0 / 12.0 / 0.9 / 35.0
MTBE* / 0.0 / 70.0 / 116.0 / 98.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Alkylat* / 0.1 / 45.0 / 93.0 / 90.0 / 3.0 / 0.1 / 0.0
Reformat / 48.5 / 33.5 / 99.8 / 87.9 / 68.1 / 1.5 / 0.0
IC5 / 8.0 / 220.0 / 90.5 / 86.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Butan / 5.6 / 480.0 / 95.4 / 92.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Isomerat / 28.8 / 75.0 / 87.2 / 83.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
LVN / 4.7 / 88.0 / 72.0 / 70.0 / 3.0 / 3.0 / 0.0
Final blend / 100.0 / 88.0 / 93.4 / 85.0 / 33.7 / 0.9 / 1.5
*FCC, Alkylat and MTBE are imported
95 octane winter grade average recipe for 2008 – 2009. No blending of ethanol.
Vol % / RVP / RON / MOM / Aromatics / Benzen / OlefinFCC* / 9.4 / 55.0 / 92.0 / 81.0 / 12.0 / 0.9 / 35.0
MTBE* / 0.0 / 70.0 / 116.0 / 98.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Alkylat* / 3.3 / 45.0 / 93.0 / 90.0 / 3.0 / 0.1 / 0.0
Reformat / 49.0 / 33.5 / 99.8 / 87.9 / 68.1 / 1.5 / 0.0
IC5 / 6.8 / 220.0 / 90.5 / 86.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Butan / 8.4 / 480.0 / 95.4 / 92.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Isomerat / 23.2 / 75.0 / 87.2 / 83.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
LVN / 0.0 / 88.0 / 72.0 / 70.0 / 3.0 / 3.0 / 0.0
Final blend / 100.0 / 95.0 / 95 / 86.4 / 34.6 / 0.8 / 3.3
*FCC, Alkylat and MTBE are imported
Refinery 2
Refinery 2 produces 92 and 95 octane for the Danish market. There is no blending of ethanol in the petrol. The petrol is distributed by the refinery’s own retail operator and exchange partners
Typical recipe for 95 octane summer grade
Vol % / RVP / RON / MOM / Aromatics / BenzenLCCG / 9.6 / 90.0 / 92.5 / 82.0 / 7.9 / 1.7
Alkylat / 1.0 / 52.3 / 91.0 / 79.7 / 0.9 / 0.1
Butan / 0.0 / 490 / 95.4 / 92.4 / 0.0 / 0.0
Isomerat / 50.1 / 95.4 / 88.0 / 84.5 / 0.0 / 0.7
Heavy Plat / 38.1 / 24.4 / 107.2 / 93.5 / 89.5 / 0.54
Light Plat / 1.1 / 96.5 / 80.2 / 79.6 / 1.5 / 1.5
Final blend / 100.0 / 68.0 / 95.4 / 87.3 / 34.8 / 0.8
Typical recipe for 95 octane winter grade
Vol % / RVP / RON / MOM / Aromatics / BenzenLCCG / 2.0 / 90.0 / 92.5 / 82.0 / 7.9 / 1.7
Alkylat / 1.0 / 52.3 / 91.0 / 79.7 / 0.9 / 0.1
Butan / 6.7 / 490 / 95.4 / 92.4 / 0.0 / 0.0
Isomerat / 44.0 / 95.4 / 88.0 / 84.5 / 0.0 / 0.7
Heavy Plat / 38.7 / 24.4 / 107.2 / 93.5 / 89.5 / 0.54
Light Plat / 7.7 / 96.5 / 80.2 / 79.6 / 1.5 / 1.5
Final blend / 100.0 / 93.0 / 95.4 / 87.3 / 34.8 / 0.7
Imports
According to our information, the typical recipe for imported petrol is in the overall picture similar to the recipe from the Danish refineries.
Exports
Only refinery 1 exports petrol. Due to economic infeasibility refinery 2 only exports blending products for petrol.
93 octane summer grade average recipe for 2008 – 2009. Blended with 5 % (vol) ethanol it gives 95 octane RVP 70 kPa.
Vol % / RVP / RON / MOM / Aromatics / Benzen / OlefinFCC* / 1.0 / 55.0 / 92.0 / 81.0 / 12.0 / 0.9 / 35.0
MTBE* / 1.0 / 70.0 / 116.0 / 98.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Alkylat* / 1.0 / 45.0 / 93.0 / 90.0 / 3.0 / 0.1 / 0.0
Reformat / 50.0 / 33.5 / 99.8 / 87.9 / 68.1 / 1.5 / 0.0
IC5 / 6.1 / 220.0 / 90.5 / 86.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Butan / 0.0 / 480.0 / 95.4 / 92.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Isomerat / 36.3 / 75.0 / 87.2 / 83.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
LVN / 4.2 / 88.0 / 72.0 / 70.0 / 3.0 / 3.0 / 0.0
Final blend / 100.0 / 63.0 / 93.4 / 85.0 / 34.3 / 0.9 / 0.4
*FCC, Alkylat and MTBE are imported
95 octane summer grade average recipe for 2008 – 2009. Blended with 5 % (vol) ethanol it gives RVP 70 kPa.
Vol % / RVP / RON / MOM / Aromatics / Benzen / OlefinFCC* / 5.0 / 55.0 / 92.0 / 81.0 / 12.0 / 0.9 / 35.0
MTBE* / 2.0 / 70.0 / 116.0 / 98.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Alkylat* / 4.0 / 45.0 / 93.0 / 90.0 / 3.0 / 0.1 / 0.0
Reformat / 49.2 / 33.5 / 99.8 / 87.9 / 68.1 / 1.5 / 0.0
IC5 / 7.5 / 220.0 / 90.5 / 86.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Butan / 0.0 / 480.0 / 95.4 / 92.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Isomerat / 31.9 / 75.0 / 87.2 / 83.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
LVN / 0.4 / 88.0 / 72.0 / 70.0 / 3.0 / 3.0 / 0.0
Final blend / 100.0 / 63.0 / 95 / 86.0 / 34.2 / 0.8 / 1.8
*FCC, Alkylat and MTBE are imported
93 octane winter grade average recipe for 2008 – 2009. Blended with 5 % (vol) ethanol it gives 95 octane RVP 95 kPa.
Vol % / RVP / RON / MOM / Aromatics / Benzen / OlefinFCC* / 1.0 / 55.0 / 92.0 / 81.0 / 12.0 / 0.9 / 35.0
MTBE* / 1.0 / 70.0 / 116.0 / 98.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Alkylat* / 0.0 / 45.0 / 93.0 / 90.0 / 3.0 / 0.1 / 0.0
Reformat / 48.0 / 33.5 / 99.8 / 87.9 / 68.1 / 1.5 / 0.0
IC5 / 6.5 / 220.0 / 90.5 / 86.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Butan / 5.7 / 480.0 / 95.4 / 92.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Isomerat / 31.9 / 75.0 / 87.2 / 83.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
LVN / 6.0 / 88.0 / 72.0 / 70.0 / 3.0 / 3.0 / 0.0
Final blend / 100.0 / 88.0 / 93.4 / 85.0 / 33.0 / 0.9 / 0.4
*FCC, Alkylat and MTBE are imported
95 octane winter grade average recipe for 2008 – 2009. Blended with 5 % (vol) ethanol it gives RVP 95 kPa.
Vol % / RVP / RON / MOM / Aromatics / Benzen / OlefinFCC* / 6.0 / 55.0 / 92.0 / 81.0 / 12.0 / 0.9 / 35.0
MTBE* / 1.7 / 70.0 / 116.0 / 98.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Alkylat* / 1.0 / 45.0 / 93.0 / 90.0 / 3.0 / 0.1 / 0.0
Reformat / 48.0 / 33.5 / 99.8 / 87.9 / 68.1 / 1.5 / 0.0
IC5 / 7.0 / 220.0 / 90.5 / 86.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Butan / 6.0 / 480.0 / 95.4 / 92.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Isomerat / 30.3 / 75.0 / 87.2 / 83.0 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
LVN / 0.0 / 88.0 / 72.0 / 70.0 / 3.0 / 3.0 / 0.0
Final blend / 100.0 / 88.0 / 95 / 86.4 / 33.4 / 0.8 / 2.1
*FCC, Alkylat and MTBE are imported
Approximate quantities of each component that can be produced
Component / 1000 tonsButane / 160
FCC / 0
Alkylat / 0
Isomerate / 600
Reformate / 1.200
MTBE / 0
ETBE / 0
Ethanol / 0
Other Petrol components / 50*
* Isopentane
Refinery Process units
Number / Capacity m3/day / Operating severityIsomerization / 2 / 2.300
Catalytic reformer / 3 / 6.000
Alkylation Plant / 0
Catalytic cond. / 0
FCC / 0
MTBE / 0
ETBE / 0
Production of petrol in Denmark from 2010 and onward.
From 2010 all petrol in Denmark is blended with 5 % (vol) ethanol. Below the consequences of different scenarios are described.
Consequences if maximum RVP is set at 70 kPa
With a final RVP of 70 kPa the base petrol should have a RVP of 63 kPa before blending in 5 % (vol) ethanol. In the future, the recipe will therefore be similar to the 93 octane summer grade recipe for 2008-2009. This will reduce the future import of alkylat and FCC with a few kilotons per year.
Consequences if maximum RVP is set at 68 kPa (60 kPa for the petrol + 8 kPa for ethanol blending)
With a final RVP of 68 kPa the base petrol should have a RVP of 60 kPa before blending in 5 % (vol) ethanol.This scenario would increase the blending of alkylat and FCC and reduce the blending of primarily butane and IC5 (Isopentane). It would demand a significant increase in alkylat when changing from winter to summer grade, as described below. The scenario would present a threat to the refineries’ flexibility and the supply security.
Consequences if maximum RVP is set at 60 kPa
With a final maximum RVP of 60 kPa the base petrol should have a RVP of 53 kPa before blending in 5 % (vol) ethanol. This scenario would more or less double the need for alkylat and reduce the possibilities for blending in Butane and IC5. The theoretical extra cost for the refineries will lie between 5 and 10 $/ton petrol. However, in practice it would for a number of reasons not be possible for the refineries to operate with a maximum RVP of 60 kPa.
The refineries have no capacity for storing the surplus of for example Isopentane.
Further, it would not be possible to convert from winter RVP to summer RVP in the storage tanks. Converting from winter RVP to summer RVP is a difficult exercise which runs over several months.
It is in practice not possible to empty the storage tanks with winter grade petrol entirely before filling them with summer grade petrol. Therefore the first summer grade petrol has to have a lower RVP than the final RVP for the summer grade in order to dilute the remaining winter grade petrol in the tank down to the summer grade specification.In general the tank contains around 2.000 m3 winter grade petrol before filling up with summer grade. The total tank capacity is typical 10.000 m3.
In the following 3 tables we have given some examples on how the dilution will progress in the tank under different assumptions regarding the final maximum RVP of the summer grade. Typically the winter grade petrol has a RVP of 88 kPa. With blending of 5 % (vol) ethanol the final RVP will be 95 kPa.
Example one: Summer RVP 60 kPa – base petrol RVP is 52 kPa
The different RVP’s in the heel (the heel is the leftover in the tank which is assumed to be 20 % of the final blend) are analysed in the table below. Different RVP’s for the blend have also been analysed (51-63 kPa). The goal for this table is 52 kPa – this will result in a final RVP below 60 kPa when 5 % ethanol is added. The two next tables are structured in a similar fashion.
Green = feasible finished quality. The table shows that with a RVP at 52 kPa for the summer grade base petrol it is not possible to convert the total volume of the tank into summer grade.
Exampel two: Summer RVP 68 kPa – base petrol RVP is 60 kPa.
This describes the situation if a waiver for adding ethanol (+ 8kPa for 5 % added ethanol) is given.
Green = feasible finished quality. The table shows that with a RVP at 60 kPa for the summer grade base petrol it is almost impossible to convert the total volume of the tank into summer grade in one step. Coming from a winter grade – 88 kPa a blend with a very low RVP of 52 kPa is needed. This will increase the content of alkylat in the blend from the average 1 % to approximately 25 % and require almost the entire stock of alkylat at the refineries. Thus reducing the refineries flexibility. The change in specification takes place at the same time all over Europe. This would lead to logistic challenges in importing alkylat in the narrow window required for changing the specification.
Example three: Summer RVP 70 kPa – base petrol RVP is 63 kPa
Green = feasible finished quality. The table shows that with a maximum RVP at 63 kPa for the summer grade base petrol it is possible to convert the total volume of the tank into summer grade in one step. But coming from a winter grade (88 kPa) a blend with a low RVP of 56 kPa is needed. This will increase the content of alkylat in the blend from the average 1 % to approximately 16 %.
Based on the above three examples it can be concluded that a maximum RVP set at 68 kPa would lead to significant storage problemswhen changing from winter to summer grade petrol (with 5% bioethanol), and a maximum RVP set at 60 kPa would be completely unfeasible.
Example on future recipe for 95 octane summer grade petrol 70 kPa
Vol % / RVP / RON / MOM / Aromatics / BenzenLCCG / 10.6 / 90.0 / 92.5 / 82.0 / 11.3 / 1.3
Ethanol / 4.8 / 190.0 / 120.0 / 106.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Alkylat / 18.7 / 52.3 / 91.0 / 79.7 / 5.3 / 0.3
Heavy Plat / 37.7 / 24.4 / 107.2 / 93.5 / 85.0 / 0.54
Light Plat / 28.2 / 96.5 / 80.2 / 79.6 / 2.0 / 1.4
Final blend / 100.0 / 69.0 / 95 / 86.4 / 34.8 / 0.8
Example on future recipe for 95 octane winter grade petrol 95 kPa
Vol % / RVP / RON / MOM / Aromatics / BenzenLCCG / 20.0 / 90.0 / 92.5 / 82.0 / 11.3 / 1.3
Ethanol / 4.8 / 190.0 / 120.0 / 106.0 / 0.0 / 0.0
Alkylat / 2.89 / 52.3 / 91.0 / 79.7 / 5.3 / 0.3
Butan / 5.4 / 490 / 95.4 / 92.4 / 0.0 / 0.0
Heavy Plat / 37.4 / 24.4 / 107.2 / 93.5 / 85.0 / 0.54
Light Plat / 29.5 / 96.5 / 80.2 / 79.6 / 2.0 / 1.4
Final blend / 100.0 / 94.0 / 95.4 / 87.3 / 34.8 / 0.9
Question 4:
Please refer to the response to question 3.
Question 5(Appendix 3):
Historical trade of Petrol components:
2008 / 1000 tonsImport / Export
Quantity / Source / Quantity / Destination
Butane / 0 / 76 / EU
FCC / 135 / EU/Norway / -
Alkylat / 44 / EU / -
Isomerate / - / 34 / EU
Reformate / - / 40 / EU
MTBE* / 27 / EU / -
ETBE / - / -
Ethanol / 13 / EU/Brazil / -
Other petrol components** / - / 113 / EU
* For blending in petrol exported to other EU-countries
**LVN
2009 / 1000 tonsImport / Export
Quantity / Source / Quantity / Destination
Butane / 0 / 46 / EU
FCC / 140 / EU/Norway / -
Alkylat / 39 / EU / -
Isomerate / - / 55 / EU
Reformate / - / 43 / EU
MTBE* / 27 / EU / -
ETBE / - / -
Ethanol / 11 / EU/Brazil / -
Other petrol components** / - / 113 / EU
* For blending in petrol exported to other EU-countries
**LVN
Question 6:
Based on the feed back from the Danish Petroleum Industry Association the Danish authorities are convinced that would be technically impossible to deliver petrol products in Denmark during the summertime without either adding MTBE, further addition of alkylat or by maintaining a higher vapour pressure if the specifications for petrol are to be maintained. Especially the transition period is very problematic as described above.
Question 7:
The question reflects a misunderstanding.In Denmark 5 % bioethanol has been added to all petrol placed on the market from the middle of 2010. Denmarkintends to increase the added amount to 10% in a step-by-step process. Currently we are awaiting the final specifications for the 10 % ethanol petrol blend,which currently is being established under the framework of CEN with standard EN 228.