Ms. RossName: ______

Socials 11Date: ______

CANADA AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

DURING THE COLD WAR

I THE COLD WAR AND THREAT OF COMMUNISM p. 190-193

  • The time of icy tensions between communist countries and democratic, capitalist countries is known as the ______
  • Communism was very different, politically and economically:
  • POLITICAL: no political opposition, totalitarian regime
  • ECONOMIC: government controls all industry
  • Democratic, capitalist countries were afraid the Soviet Union was planning a world ______; conversely, the Soviet Union was afraid the West would ______the country in order to stop communism
  • The West was concerned when the Soviet Union took control of countries in ______and installed communist regimes
  • This is a unique time period because it was not like traditional ______: both sides built up armaments and ______on each other, but the threat of ______war helped to limit acts of aggression.
  • Both the US and the Soviet Union became known as ______on the world stage; each will garner allies to help them stand up to the ‘enemy’.
  • Canadians were more worried about being caught between the US and Soviet Union, yet the Cold War “came home” when ______discovered there was a Soviet spy ring operating in Canada!
  • Canadians prepared for a nuclear attack by building ______, developing a warning system, and children practiced ______at school.
  • Communism was the “______” that was to be feared. Governments investigated and interrogated people they thought had connections to communism and the Soviets. In the US, Senator ______began a “witch hunt” to root out communists; in Canada, we took a more moderate approach yet injustices still occurred.
  • The following groups were put under ______because they might be ‘sympathetic’ to the communist cause: union leaders, artists, peace activists, intellectuals

II UNITING THE WEST AGAINST COMMUNISM p. 194-197

Match the following terms with their definitions.

A. Avro Arrow

B. Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line

C. Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs)

D. Middle power

E. North American Aerospace Defence

Command (NORAD)

F. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

G. Warsaw Pact

_____ A joint Canada-US air defence system, including fighter jets, missile bases and radar systems

_____ A military alliance involving Canada, US, Britain, and other Western European countries against the Soviet Union; Canada lacked control of its foreign policy as a result of its membership

_____ A military alliance involving the Soviet Union and Eastern European communist countries

_____ Canada’s status on the world stage; since we were not a superpower, we had the ability to act as a facilitator and influence international relations

_____ Canadian aerospace invention that could travel at 2x the speed of sound and be used to intercept USSR planes and missiles; the project was cancelled due to cost, but many see this is a missed opportunity for Canada to contribute to space and aeronautics

_____ Missiles that can travel distances of 5,500 km and could carry nuclear warheads. Developed by the USSR; could reach North America within 30 minutes of launch!

_____ One of the radar lines built by the US on Canadian soil to be an early detection system in case of Soviet attack and use of long range missiles. The other lines were called the Pinetree Line and the Mid-Canada Line; Canada lacked control of its foreign policy – US military were stationed in Canada and the US had to give authority to visit the sites.

III SEEKING PEACE AND COLLECTIVE SECURITY – THE UNITED NATIONS p. 198-200

  1. The UN is based on the League of Nations. In what ways is the UN similar to the League of Nations? In what ways is it different?
  1. Identify the 2 governing bodies of the UN, their memberships, and their roles.
  1. Besides collective security, what are the other mandates of the UN?
  1. What evidence is there to prove that the UN is effective? What evidence is there to prove it is not?
  1. The UN became involved in its first conflict in 1950 – the ______.
  2. ______Korea was communist and controlled by the USSR
  3. ______Korea was a democracy and controlled by the USA
  4. Canada would join the UN force, sending 25, 000 soldiers and ____ naval destroyers. The force was under the leadership of the _____ and General Douglas MacArthur.
  5. ______entered the war in 1950 on the side of North Korea and USSR
  6. A ceasefire was agreed upon in ______and the country was permanently split into 2 along the 38th parallel: Republic of Korea (South) and the Democratic Peoples’ Republic of Korea (North)
  7. Public support in Canada was high – they wanted to fight for the free world and stop the spread of ______. Even so, this war is known as the “Forgotten War” – veterans did not receive the same rights as those who battled in WWII and the Canadian government did not recognize their contributions.
  8. During the war, _____ Canadians died and more than 1500 were wounded. Canadian soldiers are laid to rest at the United Nations Memorial Cemetery in Busan, South Korea.
  1. The second major test of the UN was the crisis in the ______.
  2. The canal was built with private money from British and French investors and used to create a faster trading route to Asia. In 1956, President ______took control of the canal.
  3. Britain and France landed ______in the region and were ready to battle for access to the canal. ______came to the aid of Egypt.
  4. The ____ was angry that members of NATO had acted aggressively without consulting them, but honoured the alliance and threatened to join the conflict.
  5. Public opinion in Canada was divided: some felt we should join in support of ______, but others denounced the acts of NATO members.
  6. Canadian ______proposed a solution: place ______in the region, known as the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF).
  7. For his efforts in de-escalating the Suez Canal Crisis, Pearson was awarded the ______. Canada gained a reputation on the international stage as a peaceful and impartial country.

IV INTERNATIONAL ISSUES OF THE COLD WAR IN THE 1960s and 1970s

Cuban Missile Crisis p. 228-229

Determine if the statement is True or False. If it is True circle “T”; if it is False, circle “F” and correct the statement so it reads true.

  1. During the 1960s, the leaders of America and Canada got along.TF
  1. The Cuban Missile Crisis brought the world to the brink of nuclear warTF
  1. All Canadians and government officials believed Canada should allowTF

nuclear weapons in the country.

  1. Pearson was willing to accept US nuclear weapons on Canadian soil.TF
  1. Diefenbaker was willing to accept US nuclear weapons on Canadian soilTF
  1. Canada allowed US Bomarc missiles to be carried in aircraft over TF

Canadian airspace.

  1. The US tried to invade Cuba when Fidel Castro came to power.TF
  1. The USSR came to the aid of Cuba and installed nuclear missiles on the islandTF

These missiles were pointed towards the US.

  1. Canada could be affected if nuclear missiles were launched towards the US.TF
  1. US President J.F. Kennedy blockaded the island via air and sea with Canada’sTF

help.

  1. Kennedy and Khrushchev played a game of ‘nuclear war chicken’ and KennedyTF

gave in first.

  1. Most Canadians agreed with Diefenbaker’s decision not to work with the US.TF
  1. Canada and US relations were strong after the crisis.TF

Vietnam War p. 230-231

When war broke out in Southeast Asia, the causes were similar to the Korean War: South Vietnam may be invaded by North Vietnam and fall under ______rule. This could then create a ______effect: other countries in Southeast Asia would also be consumed by the ‘Red Menace’. South Vietnam was supported by the _____; initially the government aided South Vietnam by sending ______advisors and ______help, but soon they would send soldiers. Conversely, the USSR and ______supplied weapons and aid to North Vietnam.

The Vietnam War would be the first war to be ______. Americans were stunned to watch images and video on nightly newscasts. Many Americans began to ______whether they should be involved in the war: people were not happy to see the poor conduct of US soldiers or men returning home disabled or dead. As a result, the people voiced their disagreement with government policy by conducting ______-_____ protests.

Canada as a country did not become involved in Vietnam. Some Canadians felt we should join the conflict to stop the spread of ______, while others believed it was a war based on ______policy and ideals. Yet, Canada did become involved in the conflict. First, thousands of American ______came here to avoid conscription. America was not happy that we allowed the “draft dodgers” to settle in the country; many of them stayed after the war was over and made Canada their home. Secondly, some Canadians believed we should fight and joined the US forces. Thirdly, Canadian companies ______by selling armaments and supplies to the US. Prime Minister ______spoke out against US military tactics in the war; this did not go over well with US President ______and harmed Canada-US relations in the years that followed.

American troops began withdrawing in 1972 and were full withdrawn by ______. Within 2 years, the South has been overrun and the country was ______under communism. Anti-communist Vietnamese fled the country and some later came to Canada as ______.