Cornell University, April 1, 2007
Cornell University
FY06 Annual Report for
Agricultural Research and
Extension Formula Funds
Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station
NYS Agricultural Experiment Station
Cornell Cooperative Extension
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
College of Human Ecology
College of Veterinary Medicine
April 1, 2007
Cornell University, April 1, 2007 Page ii
FY2006 Annual Report
Cornell University
Table of Contents
Background and Methods 1
GOAL 1 – AN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEM THAT IS HIGHLY COMPETITIVE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY 4
PERFORMANCE GOALS FOR INITIATIVES RELATED TO GOAL 1 5
Indicator Data Specific to Goal 1 6
Impact Examples Related to Goal 1 8
GOAL 2 – A SAFE AND SECURE FOOD AND FIBER SYSTEM 20
PERFORMANCE GOALS FOR INITIATIVES RELATED TO GOAL 2 21
Indicator Data Specific to Goal 2 22
Impact Examples Related to Goal 2 24
GOAL 3 – A HEALTHY, WELL-NOURISHED POPULATION 28
PERFORMANCE GOALS FOR INITIATIVES RELATED TO GOAL 3 29
Indicator Data Specific to Goal 3 29
Impact Examples Related to Goal 3 32
GOAL 4 – GREATER HARMONY BETWEEN AGRICULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT 43
PERFORMANCE GOALS FOR INITIATIVES RELATED TO GOAL 4 44
Indicator Data Specific to Goal 4 44
Impact Examples Related to Goal 4 46
GOAL 5 – ENHANCED ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES AND QUALITY OF LIFE FOR AMERICANS 59
PERFORMANCE GOALS FOR INITIATIVES RELATED TO GOAL 5 61
Indicator Data Specific to Goal 5 61
Impact Examples Related to Goal 5 66
STAKEHOLDER INPUT PROCESS 79
PROGRAM REVIEW PROCESSES 82
EXTENSION MERIT REVIEW 84
MULTISTATE AND JOINT ACTIVITIES 84
MULTISTATE EXTENSION ACTIVITIES 84
INTEGRATED RESEARCH AND EXTENSION ACTIVITIES 84
MULTI-COUNTY INITIATIVES 85
Appendix A – FY06-07 Applied Research and Extension Priorities Identified by Program Councils 86
Appendix B – Multistate Extension Activities Report 99
APPENDIX C – INTEGRATED ACTIVITIES REPORT 112
Cornell University, April 1, 2007, Page 162
Background and Methods
Planning Option: Statewide activities -- integrated research and extension plan.
Period Covered: October 1, 2005 through September 30, 2006
Program Definition and Scope
This report directly reflects our approved plan of work. As indicated in our approved plan, all program descriptions were framed as ongoing major programs. We have not, therefore, separated results into timeframe categories (short-term, near-term, long-term). Data and narrative documentation were collected for the indicators included in our approved plan of work and supplement.
Methodology and General Comments
A variety of data sources and documentation procedures were used to generate this report. For extension, the primary sources were system-wide annual accountability reports and fiscal and personnel accounting records. Extension annual reports include participation data, reports against our approved performance indicators, and program impact statements. For research, The CRIS reporting system, annual faculty activity reports, and fiscal and personnel accounting records were the primary sources. It should be noted that CRIS now tabulates by the updated CSREES goals put in place after the plan of work for FY06 was approved. Conversion back to the older goal framework for this report is less than perfect as pertains to expenditure and effort data.
In lieu of updated guidelines for reporting multistate and integrated efforts, our documentation approach reflects the approved plan directly. For example, as outlined in the plan supplement, we used designated project descriptions and joint extension/research appointments as direct evidence of integrated activity and rely on project reporting and personnel accounting for documentation. Appendix C includes brief narrative descriptions of integrated projects and the roles assumed by those on joint appointments. In the case of multi-state extension activity, we relied on project proposal earmarking by principle investigators and direct reports by faculty on a project-by-project basis. We included “check-offs” and narrative requests in our on-line project documentation and reporting structures to facilitate reporting of multi-state and integrated programming.
For each of the five goals, we provide indicator, expenditure and effort data to reflect the scope and reach of programming in that area. The indicator data represent aggregated statewide reporting of multiple program efforts relevant to each the listed objectives. The CCE system is very diverse from location to location ranging from less than 2 FTE in one county to about 200 in another. Thus, the specific content and methods employed in one given locality may be quite different from another. Similarly, the evaluation methods appropriate for each activity vary but typically include a combination of routine program monitoring and documentation, near-term outcome assessment through observation or direct feedback from participants using standard survey techniques, and targeted follow-up activities to ascertain longer term application and impacts using methods such as phone or mail surveys.
For each of the quantitative indicators, we report results for FY 2006 followed by the plan of work target result. All research indicators were met or exceeded except for the 4.1 (agriculture and environment) indicator for patents which was 1 instead of the targeted 2. We have experienced wide variation in number of patents from year to year across all goals. Nearly all extension indicators were met or exceeded, some of them significantly. However, two indicators, 2.2.1 and 5.4.3, were not met. Indicator 2.2.1 deals with food security programming. During 2006 there was a significant shift in faculty roles and completion of project work in this area resulting in a temporary decrease in emphasis. Indicator 5.4.3 deals with family care decision making. A key faculty member retired resulting in a lull of programming in this area. Note that the output indicator for 5.4.2 was not met but we did meet the outcome target. This was possible due to a greater focus on train the trainer programming.
Selected impact statements and short program descriptions are included to convey the nature of programming within each goal area. We did not attempt to communicate comprehensively the work within or across goals. Rather, we selected examples to provide a broad view of our efforts related to each goal and to demonstrate influence of stakeholder involvement, the latter a request of prior report reviewers. We received over 600 impact statements from research and extension faculty and off-campus educators via annual reporting. Of these, we selected only about 60 from both research and extension to illustrate primary themes of our work for 2006.
While priority was placed on examples that include firmly documented outcomes and impacts, some partially developed stories are included to illustrate promising new initiatives and/or new program partnerships as evidence of the dynamic nature of our programming. Others are included to demonstrate the value of federal formula funds in “leveraging” broader efforts. It should be noted that the impact statements and program summaries reflect both federal formula funds and associated matching and/or supplemental funding. In many of the examples, Smith-Lever and Hatch funding is significantly enhanced by other sources in carrying out any given project. For CCE, only about 11% of system funding comes from federal sources. Quite a few of the examples included do not reference Smith-Lever support yet that support is essential for system infrastructure and content development.
Although reviewers of our FY05 Annual Report identified no required improvements, there were several comments aimed at strengthening our accountability:
“We would reiterate that programs of multi-county or state-wide scope that can be aggregated will significantly strengthen the reports in the future. In some examples, research/evaluation results indicated positive changes of impact, but the evaluation design and methodologies were not described.”
To that end, we have included a number of examples of multi-county and statewide programs. Titles include Using IPM Tools to Optimize Pesticide Inputs and Minimize Worms in Apples and Peaches, Field Crop and Vegetable IPM TAg Teams for Amish in SWNY, First Detection of a New Potentially Devastating Onion Disease in North East, Apple Planting Systems, Capital District Pesticide Applicators Recertification Day, Consumer Education Program for Residential Energy Efficiency, Parenting in Context, and Engaging Youth in Science.
Relative to evaluation methods, a number of the examples included do specify evaluation approach…but we still have far to go in terms of standardizing evaluation methods across the system. Structuring of the FY07-11 plan of work around our statewide programs (instead of the CSREES goals) is very helpful in that regard. We expect to continually refine the outcome indicators and recommended evaluation strategies in support of those plans. For example, we currently are working with Dr. Angela Lyons of the University of Illinois to help identify practical standard evaluation approaches for family financial management programming. For youth programming, we will be incorporating the current national work on youth development outcomes into our plans. Cornell faculty currently are working with CCE educators to refine outcome indicators and evaluation resources for parenting and family care education. We also have initiated an Evaluation Planning Partnership Program in which our local extension staff partner with Cornell faculty and graduate students to develop practical evaluation plans. In 2005 the partnership was limited to our New York City location but in 2006 we added six upstate locations and expect to add a new cohort each year. We see strengthening evaluation practice as a long-term, multi-level capacity building initiative.
In our FY05 report, we noted that we are experimenting with designated signature programs as a vehicle for targeted evaluation and improved data aggregation. Our four initial signature programs are Enhancing Agricultural and Horticultural Business Vitality, Nutrition and Health, Connecting People to the Land and Their Environments, and Youth Community Action. We asked that impact statements be earmarked against these programs and received 30-60 for each. We also assigned appropriate quantitative indicators included in this report to the four programs. However, since the programs cut across the CSREES goals which provide the structure for this report, we didn’t identify a way to incorporate this information in this report without extensive duplication. The signature programs are directly incorporated in our FY07-12 approved plans and will be represented in future reports. (We did use the signature program structure for our in-state extension annual report which is available at: http://counties.cce.cornell.edu/annual_report/CCEAR2006.pdf)
Lastly, reviewers of our FY05 Report requested illustrations where underserved audiences provided input for programming as well as serving as the object of programming. While we believe the significant majority of the examples included involve meaningful input, these in particular represent true collaborative programming with underserved audiences: Field Crop and Vegetable IPM TAg Teams for Amish in SWNY (a peer-to-peer training model), Facing Food Safety/Food Resource Management Issues within Homeless Shelters, Talking with Kids about HIV/AIDS: Reaching Underserved Audiences in the African American Community, Maternity Visiting Program, and Urban Outreach Reaching More Audiences.
GOAL 1 – AN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION SYSTEM THAT IS HIGHLY COMPETITIVE IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Agricultural production systems in the United States are part of the overall growing global economy of food and fiber products. On a more localized level our production systems are the basis for maintaining the rural economy and providing a safe and nutritious food supply to our diverse population. Our agricultural systems in the northeast are broad and encompass small and large scale plant and animal farming; regional and specialty market production and processing; and, local, national and international marketing. This diversity has enabled our agricultural systems to remain competitive in the global economy. The foundation for this has been our ability to develop and integrate new technology into our agricultural production systems through the combined efforts of fundamental and applied research programs linked with effective extension efforts. However, as the global market changes, we must understand where our opportunities lie.
Although our efforts are extremely diverse, they can be subdivided into the areas of production, protection, processing and marketing.
Production
Improving the yield and quality of plants and animals in agricultural production systems is fundamental to improving our ability to compete in a global economy. These improvements can be accomplished through:
1) traditional and modern breeding programs which select for desired traits (such as yield, flavor and pest resistance) and an understanding of how they can be expressed under different environmental regimes;
2) improving our understanding of the nutritional requirements for plants and animals so that inputs and waste products are minimized;
3) improving our understanding of soils in order to maintain or improve the health of the soil;
4) improving our understanding of the impact of environmental conditions on plant and animal production.
Protection
Plants and animals are stressed by various organisms including insects, pathogens and weeds. Traditional control of these pests through the application of synthetic pesticides has allowed farmers to manage some of these pests, but concerns about their effects on the environment and the development of resistance must be taken into account. Improvements in protection of our production systems can be accomplished through:
1) genetic engineering of plants to express pesticidal traits and the development of management systems which ensure the durability of the deployment of these plants;
2) utilization and/or improvement of insects and microbes which may act as pesticides against insects, pathogens and weeds;
3) improvements in the production systems for mass producing natural enemies;
4) an improved understanding of the non-target effects of pesticides.
Processing
The value of agricultural raw products is multiplied through processing them into foods and fiber which become distributed through wholesale and retail markets traded worldwide. The value of grapes at harvest, for example, is minimal compared with the value of the wines they produce. Improvement of our agricultural production systems on a global market can be achieved through processing which:
1) recovers components from what would be engineering waste and converts them into marketable items (particular enzymes, flavors, bulk materials, etc.);
2) enhances the food product by preserving or increasing the level of nutrients or flavors;
3) maximizes the freshness of the product through minimal processing;
4) minimizes the process of converting the raw product into foods.
Marketing
The competitiveness of our agricultural products is influenced by domestic and international factors and an understanding of the production, distribution and marketing costs will influence what agricultural production systems are most competitive for our region. Improvement of our agricultural production systems on a global market can be achieved through: 1) an understanding of the costs for our production systems compared with other domestic and regional production areas; 2) an understanding of the specific desires of the consumers in various regions of the world economy; 3) an understanding of the political, regulatory and social structures which influence the production and distribution of agricultural products which are produced in other regions.