Electronic Supplementary Material: Tables S1-S4

Table S1: Model summary and statistics for volume emptied meta-analysis

Study / Hedge’s g / Standard error / Variance / Lower 95% CI / Upper 95% CI / Z-value / P-value
Ransbottom & Hunt 1974 / -0.881 / 0.368 / 0.135 / -1.602 / -0.159 / -2.393 / 0.017
Feldman & Nixon 1982 / 0.099 / 0.483 / 0.233 / -0.847 / 1.044 / 0.205 / 0.838
Neufer et al. 1986 (H2O) / 1.118 / 0.257 / 0.066 / 0.615 / 1.621 / 4.357 / 0.0001
Neufer et al. 1986 (5%) / 1.563 / 0.254 / 0.065 / 1.065 / 2.061 / 6.151 / 0.0001
Neufer et al. 1986 (7.1%) / 1.190 / 0.259 / 0.067 / 0.963 / 2.103 / 4.603 / 0.001
Mitchell et al. 1989 / 0.464 / 0.385 / 0.149 / -0.292 / 1.219 / 1.203 / 0.229
Neufer et al. 1989 (Int. 1) / 1.533 / 0.291 / 0.085 / 0.963 / 2.103 / 5.270 / 0.001
Neufer et al. 1989 (Int. 2) / 1.135 / 0.301 / 0.090 / 0.546 / 1.725 / 3.776 / 0.0001
Neufer et al. 1989 (Int. 3) / 0.561 / 0.335 / 0.113 / -0.096 / 1.218 / 1.672 / 0.094
Neufer et al. 1989 (Int. 4) / 0.984 / 0.303 / 0.092 / 0.391 / 1.578 / 3.249 / 0.001
Neufer et al. 1989 (Int. 5) / 0.711 / 0.325 / 0.106 / 0.074 / 1.349 / 2.188 / 0.029
Neufer et al. 1989 (Int. 6) / -0.034 / 0.403 / 0.163 / -0.824 / 0.757 / -0.083 / 0.934
Houmard et al. 1991 (H2O, Run) / -1.014 / 0.293 / 0.086 / -1.589 / -0.438 / -3.454 / 0.001
Houmard et al. 1991 (H2O, Bike) / -1.121 / 0.286 / 0.082 / -1.681 / -0.56 / -3.919 / 0.00001
Houmard et al. 1991 (CHO, Run) / -0.426 / 0.351 / 0.123 / -1.113 / 0.262 / -1.214 / 0.225
Houmard et al. 1991 (CHO, Bike) / -0.305 / 0.365 / 0.133 / -1.020 / 0.410 / -0.835 / 0.403
Leiper et al. 2001 (Mod) / -0.466 / 0.373 / 0.139 / -1.198 / 0.266 / -1.249 / 0.212
Leiper et al. 2001 (Int. 1) / -0.644 / 0.339 / 0.115 / -1.308 / 0.02 / -1.900 / 0.057
Leiper et al. (Int. 2) / -0.971 / 0.286 / 0.082 / -1.532 / -0.410 / -3.39 / 0.001
MEAN / 0.195 / 0.228 / 0.052 / -0.251 / 0.641 / 0.856 / 0.392

Table S2: Model summary and statistics for half-time meta-analysis

Study / Hedge’s g / Standard error / Variance / Lower 95% CI / Upper 95% CI / Z-value / P-value
Cammack et al. 1982 / -0.984 / 0.350 / 0.123 / -1.671 / -0.298 / -2.811 / 0.005
Carrio et al. 1989 / -0.156 / 0.385 / 0.148 / -0.911 / 0.598 / -0.406 / 0.684
Moore et al. 1990 (Low) / -1.088 / 0.273 / 0.074 / -1.622 / -0.553 / -3.988 / 0.0001
Moore et al. 1990 (Mod) / -1.004 / 0.193 / 0.037 / -1.382 / -0.625 / -5.198 / 0.0001
Laurents et al. 1994 / 0.468 / 0.323 / 0.104 / -0.165 / 1.100 / 1.449 / 0.147
Leiper et al. 2001 (Mod) / 0.514 / 0.366 / 0.134 / -0.203 / 1.231 / 1.404 / 0.16
Leiper et al. 2001 (Int. 1) / 0.945 / 0.276 / 0.076 / 0.403 / 1.487 / 3.42 / 0.001
Leiper et al. (Int. 2) / 1.126 / 0.176 / 0.031 / 0.781 / 1.472 / 6.383 / 0.0001
Clegg et al. 2007 / -0.223 / 0.407 / 0.166 / -1.02 / 0.575 / -0.547 / 0.585
Franke et al. 2008 / -0.926 / 0.317 / 0.101 / -1.547 / -0.304 / -2.92 / 0.004
Evans et al. 2010 (Low) / 0.00 / 0.444 / 0.198 / -0.871 / 0.871 / 0.00 / 1.00
Evans et al. 2010 (High) / 0.00 / 0.444 / 0.198 / -0.871 / 0.871 / 0.00 / 1.00
MEAN / -0.109 / 0.281 / 0.079 / -0.660 / 0.442 / -0.388 / 0.698

Table S3: Model summary and statistics for OCTT meta-analysis

Study / Hedge’s g / Standard error / Variance / Lower 95% CI / Upper 95% CI / Z-value / P-value
Cammack et al. 1982 / -0.295 / 0.408 / 0.167 / -1.095 / 0.505 / -0.722 / 0.47
Keeling et al. 1987 / -1.769 / 0.209 / 0.044 / -2.179 / -1.358 / -8.446 / 0.0001
Meshkinpour et al. 1989 / 1.049 / 0.313 / 0.098 / 0.435 / 1.662 / 3.352 / 0.001
Keeling et al. 1990 / -0.343 / 0.182 / 0.033 / -0.700 / 0.013 / -1.887 / 0.059
Soffer et al. 1991 / -0.039 / 0.437 / 0.191 / -0.896 / 0.818 / -0.089 / 0.929
Van Nieuwenhoven et al. 1999 / 0.624 / 0.333 / 0.111 / -0.027 / 1.276 / 1.877 / 0.06
Van Nieuwenhoven et al. 2004 (Run) / 1.136 / 0.253 / 0.064 / 0.641 / 1.631 / 4.495 / 0.0001
Van Nieuwenhoven et al. 2004 (Bike) / 0.935 / 0.283 / 0.08 / 0.380 / 1.49 / 3.300 / 0.001
Clegg et al. 2007 / -0.479 / 0.389 / 0.152 / -1.242 / 0.284 / -1.231 / 0.218
MEAN / 0.089 / 0.371 / 0.138 / -0.638 / 0.816 / 0.239 / 0.811

Table S4: Assessment of study qualitya,c

Study / 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 / 10 / 11b / 12 / 13b / 14 / 15b / 16 / Score
Ramsbottom & Hunt 1974[67] / N / N / NA / N / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / Y / Y / N / NA / N / NA / 25
Cammack et al. 1982[39] / N / Y / N / N / N / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / Y / Y / N / NA / Y / NA / 44
Feldman & Nixon 1982[68] / N / Y / NA / N / N / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / Y / Y / N / NA / N / NA / 38
Neufer et al. 1986 [28] / N / N / N / N / N / NA / NA / NA / NA / N / Y / Y / N / NA / N / NA / 20
Keeling et al. 1987[40] / N / N / NA / N / Y / Y / NA / NA / NA / NA / Y / Y / N / NA / N / NA / 44
Carrio et al. 1989[69] / N / N / NA / N / N / Y / NA / NA / NA / NA / Y / Y / N / NA / N / NA / 33
Meshkinpour et al. 1989[70] / N / Y / N / N / N / N / NA / NA / NA / NA / Y / Y / N / NA / N / NA / 25
Mitchell et al. 1989[71] / Y / Y / NA / N / Y / Y / NA / NA / NA / NA / Y / Y / N / NA / N / NA / 67
Neufer et al. 1989[72] / N / Y / N / Y / N / Y / NA / NA / NA / Y / Y / Y / N / NA / Y / NA / 64
Keeling et al. 1990[73] / N / N / NA / N / Y / NA / NA / NA / NA / Y / Y / Y / N / NA / Y / NA / 56
Moore et al. 1990[74] / N / Y / N / N / N / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / Y / Y / N / NA / N / NA / 33
Houmard et al. 1991[47] / N / N / NA / N / Y / Y / NA / NA / NA / N / Y / Y / N / NA / N / NA / 44
Soffer et al. 1991[75] / N / N / NA / N / N / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / Y / Y / N / NA / N / NA / 22
Laurens et al. 1994[38] / N / N / NA / N / N / NA / NA / NA / NA / N / Y / Y / N / NA / N / NA / 22
Van Nieuwenhoyen et al. 1999[76] / N / Y / N / N / Y / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / Y / Y / N / NA / N / NA / 44
Leiper et al. 2001[25] / Y / Y / Y / N / Y / Y / NA / NA / NA / Y / Y / Y / N / NA / N / NA / 73
Van Nieuwenhoven et al. 2004[77] / Y / Y / N / N / Y / Y / NA / NA / NA / Y / Y / Y / N / NA / N / NA / 63
Clegg et al. 2007[78] / Y / Y / N / N / Y / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / Y / Y / N / NA / N / NA / 56
Franke et al. 2008[79] / N / Y / N / N / N / NA / NA / NA / NA / NA / Y / Y / N / NA / N / NA / 33
Evans et al. 2010[37] / N / Y / N / N / N / NA / NA / NA / NA / N / Y / Y / N / NA / N / NA / 20

AScoring: the final percentage score is determined by dividing the number of ‘yes’ scores by the total number of applicable items (16 minus the number of NA items)

BIf primary outcome measure not stated then key measure used

CVan Rosendal, S.P., Osborne, M.A., Fassett, R.G., & Coombes, J.S. (2010). Guidelines for glycerol use in hyperhydration and rehydration associated with exercise. Sports Med, 40(2), 113-139.

NA = not applicable